Phonology - it ... phonology: inkcazelo, kwisifundo, iinjongo kunye neziseko

Phakathi iinkalo ezininzi kweelwimi ingakumbi kukubonelela icandelo efana phonology. It is a isayensi lifunda inkqubo isandi ulwimi, ekufezekisweni phonemes kulo. Ekufundeni ingqeqesho kule khosi amakhono yokuqala enxulumene uguqulelo, ukufundisa ulwimi, ingakumbi Russian.

Siza kujonga ukuba phonology, yintoni Iwawo kunye neenjongo inkqubo yethu kweli kwinqanaba lolwimi. simazi kakuhle isigama ezingundoqo zeli candelo.

definition

Siqala ingxoxo yethu kunye nkcazelo.

Phonology - icandelo le Ezolimi mihla, leyo iqwalasela isakhiwo isandi ulwimi, ukusebenza izandi ezahlukeneyo kwinkqubo yakhe kunye neempawu zazo.

Oku kubhekisela Ezolimi theoretical component. The basic unit yeelwimi, leyo lifunda inzululwazi - phoneme.

Yena Ndazalelwa 70-80s ngenkulungwane ye-19 eRashiya. Umsunguli kuyo - Ivan Aleksandrovich Boduen de iCourtenay, isazinzulu Russian ngeengcambu Polish. Kule 30 zenkulungwane yama-20 ukuba ethathe imilo ibe inzululwazi elizimeleyo. Namhlanje sesinye sezifundo ezingundoqo philological kwaye ubekwa kwindawo yokuqala noluhlu lwamanqaku yegrama theoretical ulwimi.

Into nenjongo

Njengalo naluphi Inzululwazi enye, Ezolimi, eli candelo umsebenzi wayo kunye nesifundo.

phonology Subject - le phoneme, nto leyo iyunithi Ubuncinane ulwimi. It olufundwa phonology-izazinzulu. abafundi ongakhathaliyo makacingele ukuba mba isandi, kodwa ke akunjalo. Enyanisweni, bafunda olunye uqeqesho - nefonetiki.

Umbuzo wesibini ukuqwalaselwa - le ngxaki. Ezi ziquka:

• ukuqaphela kulwimi;
• umongo zohlalutyo;
• ekusekeni ukuzalana phakathi phoneme kunye nesandi;
• phonemes Inkcazelo System nokulungalungiswa zabo;
• Inkcazelo system awareness;
• unxulumano phakathi phoneme kunye nezinye iiyunithi ezifanelekileyo zolwimi - morphemes kunye nezakhiwo zawo.

Kwaye yiloo nto yonke imisebenzi awareness. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umba ngasentla kuzo zonke izikolo ezikhoyo awareness.

Famous ngeelwimi phonology

Njengokuba sele sitshilo, umseki nenzululwazi waba Ivan Aleksandrovich Boduen de iCourtenay. Waba iziseko zawo, wabanika amandla okuqhubela kuphuhliso yayo ngakumbi.

Akukho ngaphantsi waziwa kwaye umfundi wakhe uNikolay Sergeevich Trubetskoy, owabhala edume "Iziseko phonology." Yena landiswa kakhulu ingqeqesho izixhobo zenzululwazi, wachaza nezimaphambili ezingundoqo kunye yokuhlela.

Sasisebenza kweli candelo Ezolimi kunye Roman Osipovich Yakobson, Lev Vladimirovich Scherba, Avram Noam Chomsky kunye nabanye abaninzi.

A lot of imisebenzi zenzululwazi eyayinikelwe iingxaki zeli candelo Ezolimi. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe la manqaku alandelayo monographs, nto leyo eza kunika umfanekiso olunzulu uphuhliso inzululwazi, imigaqo yayo esisiseko:

• RI Avanesov, VN Sidorov yapapasha ngodaba ngexesha elifanelekileyo "Inkqubo phonemes ngolwimi Russian."
• Ngokufanelekileyo eyaziwa kakuhle umsebenzi S. I. Bernshteyna "concepts esiSiseko phonology."
• J. Vahek "phonemes kunye neeyunithi awareness".

Abo banomdla kwimbali, le ncwadi iluncedo L. R. Zinder "sikolo Basic awareness."

Qaphela asebenze:

• SV Kasevich, "iingxaki Ukufunda ngezandi namagama abantu Ezolimi jikelele kunye empuma."
• izigaqa TP, "Phonology lolwimi Modern Russian esekelwe kwingcamango elimisiweyo."
• VI Postovalov, "Phonology".

AA Reformed - umbhali amaphepha amathathu, leyo kweli ngokweenkcukacha iziseko isayensi:

• "Ukususela imbali phonology Russian".
• "Izincoko kwi phonology, morphology kunye morphonology".
• "Izifundo Ukufunda ngezandi namagama."

isikolo awareness

Imiba Phonology inxaxheba kwizikolo zolwimi ezahlukeneyo. Imisebenzi esaziwa kakhulu izazinzulu, baba yinxalenye Prague School, eziquka Trubetskoy kunye Jakobson.

umbono wakhe waba izazinzulu ukusuka esikolweni eMoscow Ukufunda ngezandi, eziquka A. Reformed. Abameli le meko abafunda ungubani inwebu yesandi phonemes.

Abameli yesikolo Leningrad, kuquka yolwimi odumileyo L. Szczerba, wayekholelwa ukuba inzululwazi, phezu koko, kufuneka bafunde umahluko phakathi kwabo.

Kodwa kungakhathaliseki izimvo zezazinzulu ngqo lwesigama iinkcazelo eqhelekileyo.

lwesigama

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, phonology - isayensi esifunda phonemes. Njengalo mntu ukwenye intsimi ulwazi, iye izixhobo yayo terminological.

Imibono yayo esisiseko eyile: phoneme, allophone, phoneme indawo giperfonema, archiphoneme kunye nabanye. Cinga ezona ziphambili.

• Phoneme - iyunithi encinci ayahlukahlukenanga ulwimi. Isetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa nezakhiwo zawo kwaye ezisebenza umsebenzi olwahlukileyo. Yazalisekiswa ngoncedo izandi - imvelaphi. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba kurholwe amanzi ngokwaneleyo ukusuka izandi zentetho ngqo.
• Allophone - ukuphunyezwa phonemes ezithile kuxhomekeka kokusingqongileyo phonetic.
• Giperfonema - phoneme, okuhlanganisa iinkalo ngambini izandi.
• Archiphoneme - phoneme ukuba indibanisela iimpawu ukuba bangabi phonemes.
• Indawo phoneme - ekufezekisweni intetho yakhe. Bucala indawo constitutive kunye combinatorial.
• isikhundla Constitutive - Ukuzalisekiswa phonemes kuxhomekeka kwindawo ekuthethwa. Umzekelo, lwegama unstressed okanye koxinzelelo yi noonone.

• isikhundla Combinatorial - ukuphunyezwa kuxhomekeka kokusingqongileyo phonetic. Umzekelo, izikhamiso kwizikhundla emva kokuba amaqabane nzima okanye soft aneempawu ezahlukeneyo.
• Isithuba elinqatyisiweyo phoneme - indawo apho kubonisa ngokucacileyo iimpawu zayo.
• Buthathaka (igama yesibini - neutralization isikhundla) - indawo apho phoneme ongathobeli iimpawu ezikhethekileyo.
• Neutralization - a kuqondana phonemes ahlukeneyo allophone enye.
• iimpawu ezikhethekileyo phonemes - imiqondiso abona kwahluka enye kwenye.

Le asinto uluhlu alupheli amagama leyo isebenza phonology. Ezolimi lilonke kwakhona ngokusebenzisa ezinye zazo kwamanye amacandelo - nefonetiki, igrama.

Inkqubo awareness ulwimi Russian

ulwimi ngalunye luphawulwa inkqubo yayo awareness. Ulwimi Russian namhlanje ayikhuphi 43 phonemes. Kwezi, 6 - 37 izikhamiso - zandi.

Ukongeza, ngamnye kubo luphawulwa ubukho okanye ukungabikho iseti ethile iimpawu.

phonemes zezikhamiso abe kufutshane mpawu zokusebenza zilandelayo: iqondo wokunyuka, apho abahlukunyezwa kolungaphezulu, oluphakathi nolusezantsi zokubuyisa, ukungabikho okanye phambi labialization.

Ezi zandi ezi Inani ochukumisa ngakumbi iimpawu. Apha qaphela ezi mpawu zilandelayo, uninzi lwazo yahlulwe ngababini. Ngoko ke, phonemes zezi:

• sonorant okanye enomsindo;
• isithulu okanye sonorous.

Ngu uhlobo lwemfundo:

• occlusive;
• affricate;
• gap;
• nokungcangcazela;
• labial;
• amazinyo;
• iPalatine;
• nzima okanye ethambileyo.

Ezi mpawu zaziwa kakuhle kwabo bafunda ulwimi Russian. Izandi zamazwi, phonology - isayensi asebenza kwi iimpawu data kunye nabafundi philology kufuneka nje ngentloko iseti iimpawu, kodwa ukwazi ukuzisebenzisa xa befundisa, echaza phonemes ezithile, ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo yabo ngelizwi.

o Ukuloba

Enye inkcazelo, noqhuba icandelo Ezolimi - Ukubhalwa lwezandi. Kwakhona enye izakhono ezingundoqo, nto leyo ifanele ibe kakuhle umfundi ulwimi. O Ukuloba - oku amagama yokungena transmission isandi esebenzisa imiqondiso ezizodwa amele phonemes amagama asetyenziswa.

Kweli phepha ayinakutshintshwa kuphela allophones phoneme esisiseko alukhankanywanga. Kuba irekhodi isetyenziswe zika-alfabhethi Cyrillic, nesiLatini, kwakunye kwinani lamanqaku lwemvakalo-zwi.

iziphumo

Phonology - le yenye amacandelo eziphambili Ezolimi. Le inzululwazi ufunda ukusebenza phonemes, iiyunithi ubuncinane iilwimi. It has engaphezu kwenkulungwane, inkqubo yakhe terminological yawo, imisebenzi kunye nesifundo zokufunda.

Abafundi-Philologists uyifundisise kunyaka wokuqala eyunivesithi, phambi kokuba intshayelelo ukuba ifonetiki, okanye ngaxeshanye nalo. Ulwazi iziseko ingqeqesho kwixesha elizayo akuyi kunceda nje ukufunda igrama, kodwa imithetho upelo kunye orthoepy.