Eyona phawu of romanticism. Iimpawu romanticism kwiincwadi

umntu abangenamava uncwadi, ukuthetha eli xesha kuzisa sayo romance eziqhelekileyo kangangokuba, kufanele kuphawulwe, luphawu engalunganga. Ngokufanayo kube kwingcinga yokuba umtsalane ixesha lokuphumla liye lancitshiswa ehlelo uthando. Enyanisweni, nawuphi na umsebenzi iincwadi, ukupeyinta okanye cinema iindidi wenza kanye oko elimangalisayo imvakalelo ukukhanya ezahlukeneyo obubonakala, kodwa hayi phawu esisiseko kuphela.

Eli nqaku liza kuzama ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni na ezi mpawu ziphambili bayo Romantic. Kuba oku siphendu- kwimemori kwimbali nenkcubeko yoluntu, his legacy kwezobugcisa.

ixesha

Phambi bachaze iimpawu eziphambili romanticism, ufanele uqonde ukuba xa engundoqo ulwalathiso zobuciko. Bayo, uphawu eli thuba, basabela wabonakala classicism ngqongqo nganye ezinga malungu abantu. Ukuba sithetha ngexesha izakhelo, isimbo romanticism kwavela wamisa ngokwayo kwisiqingatha sesibini ngenkulungwane ye-18. Njengoko kunye nezinye iindawo, sicinga ekuqaleni ukwenza eYurophu, ezizezi eJamani, apho kugquba eNgilani, eFransi, eItali, yaye ekugqibeleni eMelika. Emva bayo zothando yokugqibela wabumba kwicala ukusasazeka phantse kulo lonke ihlabathi,.

Ukusabela wokumelana normativity

Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, abameli Romanticism babhala imisebenzi yabo akaphikisani bayo of classicism, leyo ndazi ubugcisa ngelo xesha.

Eyona nto kukuba zonke kwithuba elidlulileyo (kunye kwindawo culturological lwembono) ehlabathini kukho intsingiselo ecacileyo malunga ukuzinza, phawula isampuli. Ngokuphathelele kwindlela uhlobo yasebenza izimiso engqongqo kakhulu, kwaye umxholo imveliso uchazwa kuphela ingxaki kokukhetha phakathi intliziyo umsebenzi. Olu hlobo isakhelo ubukhulu becala imiqathango njengoko ibe yoyilo kunye neengxaki. Ukongeza, inkampani eli xesha wenze uvale ebonakalayo phambili, nto leyo efunekayo utshintsho ehlabathini kwinkqubo nobugcisa baze uMbumbi iimpawu ezikhethekileyo Romanticism.

Uluntu wabona ubu yayo, ukungakhuseleki kwi iphela yaye ngephanyazo wasabela ngokuvula i, ubuchule entsha ngokupheleleyo yotshintsho olululo. Eyona iphambili romanticism kwaye kanye ngale ndlela loqhankqalazo, imimiselo kunye ingcinezelo ngokupheleleyo ubuntu yombhali, imbongi, igcisa, okanye umqambi.

ubuqambi phuza

Ukuba umbhali Renaissance liye labhalwa kwi koseko, kwaye waphakanyiselwa ubume uMdali, le classicism loo abazange baqaphele. Tubidy zaye mercilessly wangena imvelaphi, zasuka zathi waxa imisebenzi hambo, sedrama. Eyona iphambili Romanticism kukuba eli xesha ingabizwa ngamnye-yombhali. Xa uncwadi ibuyisela amazwi umculo - imvakalelo, elithi, yaye yafaka - amandla, imvakalelo, a luvo ethile.

Ngaphezu koko, watshintsha ngokupheleleyo kwaye imixholo imisebenzi yobugcisa, kodwa kufuneka bathi kamva ngalo.

Yentsusa nefilosofi

Njengoko nawuphi na esenzeka inkcubeko yehlabathi, romanticism yayisekelwe iimbono ezithile ifilosofi. E eJamani, apho isiqhelo sinwenwile kwihlabathi jikelele, ezifana ekusekweni yomsebenzi eyenziwa Gotliba Fihte kunye Immanuel Kant. Xa intloko iimfundiso ezisisiseko eli xesha, kwakukho ingxaki amathuba ubuchule bengqondo. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba imisebenzi zikhankanywe ngasentla aba sisiseko nobuhle, nabo rhoqo Alwa polemic ngawo wena zothando yavula amathuba ngakumbi nangakumbi.

Ithatha indawo ehamba phambi ingqikelelo Benedict Spinoza, Dzhona Lokka kunye Rene Dekarta bafudukela phantse kwangoko wakhwela imvelaphi yaye phantsi ukugxekwa. Ezidla rationalism kunye deification woMntu njengesidalwa esinengqiqo ukuba ulwalathiso ekuphuhlisweni alwamkelekanga, zasuka zathi waxa umntu ekhwaza esithi imvakalelo.

Ngokulinganayo ulwalathiso ngempumelelo German Coleridge wathi, apho style romanticism wayofika eNgilani yaye emva koko ku France.

Wabonakala awayebalasele ngayo ubugcisa

Kakade ke, utshintsho ekwahluleni yentanda hayi Inokuquka utshintsho ngqo zokudala. Imisebenzi yobugcisa baqalisa ukuba zifumane i umlinganiswa entsha ngokupheleleyo uncwadi iintlobo ezintsha iqonga, olukhethwa kuye kwanikwa amanani ezintsha zobugcisa.

Eyona iphambili Romanticism e kumzobo baqalisa ukubonisa utshintsho imixholo umsebenzi. Amagcisa baqala ukutsala umxholo eyimfihlakalo, esingazaziyo, yintoni alikho kolundi. On the canvases baya yaqala ukubonakala nenkangeleko ebusuku. imfanelo Invariable yokudweba romantic yaba injongo yendlela, ohamba. Isicwangciso sokuqala mizobo yale xesha ndininikile, njengoko umthetho, ingqalelo ngaphantsi kakhulu omnye, ukusondela infinity.

Umculo Romanticism wabuyela lubonakaliswa wayesentlungwini. Ngaphezu koko - ukwakheka iimveliso sekuyinto awucaci, kunye nemida uhlobo okunzima.

Phantse zonke iintlobo zobugcisa bahamba ukulahlwa kokwahlulwa ngokungqongqo iintlobo aphezulu, aphakathi kunye ephantsi, nto leyo ilixa classicism wanikwa ingqalelo kakhulu.

romanticism iincwadi

Ethetha olu lwalathiso kwimizobo, ingqalelo enkulu kufuneka inikwe, mhlawumbi, uncwadi, ekubeni e nobuhle bayo yemveli romanticism wabonakala kakhulu ngokupheleleyo yaye ubhetyebhetye.

Kuye kwaba ngokuphindaphindiweyo wathi kulo mmandla hlobo bokuhlala umnqweno angayaziyo, ukufumana bephantsi kokufa eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo, uphendlo inkululeko evela iindibano kunye nobomi bemihla ngemihla. Ukuba ukhangela edumileyo, kunokuthiwa eziphefumlelweyo, imisebenzi uncwadi, lo msebenzi osemqoka unokuba kuba lula andibhaqwa.

Ukufuna for the unknown

Iimpawu romanticism kwiincwadi walibonakalisa ngeendlela ezininzi. Okokuqala, kufuneka kugxininiswe inkcaso lomgadi abasunguli oyinyaniso, ezamahala impilo, ephakamileyo ebizwa ngokuba amaFilisti.

Ubugcisa eli thuba uyaziphakamisa ubuchule bokuyila, asibeke ngaphezu kwazo zonke ezinye izinto zobomi. Ezi yonke hero imisebenzi ezaziwa lolawulo Romantic. Kusoloko umntu, ungquzulwano kunye nehlabathi, yayintsha kuye, bangxamele ukubaleka baphume akhu- ubomi hina bemihla ngemihla kulinganiselwe.

Longquzulwano ngemihlaba ezimbini

Eyona iphambili kwiincwadi romantic kwakhona kumiselwa phambi eyimfihlakalo, element mandatory umangalisayo, isicwangciso ngokoqobo yesibini. Ukuba kubonakaliswa isigama philological, eli candelo ingabizwa dvoemiriya kubuhle. hero Romantic usoloko ukungazinanzi ethile. kuhlangana nelingumlingo ezingenamsebenzi kwi amaphepha lwemisebenzi yoncwadi ngexesha elinye, ekubeni ungquzulwano rhoqo kunye nabanye.

ixesha liyabonakala nendawo

Ubonakalise iimpawu romanticism kwiincwadi nkqu umbala ekuthiwa-ndawo. Ababhali zeli xesha bejike ngenkuthalo ukuba uncwadi lwemveli, ukufunda imbali, inkcubeko, njengoko kubonisiwe imisebenzi boncwadi. Esi sixeko, izitalato, ixesha le ngaso, bubonakala uncwadi eli thuba.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ababhali baye babhenela nenkcazelo zeziganeko zaphawula elidlulileyo, kunokuba ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Phantse njalo uzive kumgama othile, sixunela kwezingabonwayo phakathi imveliso kunye isiganeko nokubhala, ezibekwe kulo. Nokuba a imigca ibali elibuntsomi ngokupheleleyo badla ayangenana nenyani, egxile kuyo.

Njengoko lwabonakala iincwadi Russian

Kakade ke, ubuhle ongatshatanga naye ukuba kuthintelwe uncwadi uyamkela Russian. Ababhali kunye iimbongi ngokuzithandela wathabatha into yaseYurophu kunye naphaya phantsi lethu. Ukuba ujonga ngeliso e iincwadi Russian eyayikho kwexesha elinikiweyo, uya kuqaphela ukuba iimpawu eziphambili Romanticism Russian yabonisa, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, ekufuneni kwakhe ngenxa imilingo, limangalisa, kwaye maxa wambi nkqu yeedemon. Ukuba imisebenzi ngababhali yaseYurophu okwangoku kuphela njengecandelo yoncwadi Russian, waba lisalawula epheleleyo.

Mu kuya kwa nshita IsiNgesi okanye iincwadi waseJamani, Russian, yaye wendele iimpawu Romanticism, yena uhlawula ingqalelo ngakumbi le ngoma: iibhaladi, imihobe, imibongo ngaphezu iinoveli imisebenzi ifomu emfutshane. Poetry waba oyithengileyo yothuba elithile umiselwa ukuba uhlobo ingqondo yemveli.

Iimpawu Romanticism Russian zininzi izinto esifana ngazo eYurophu, kodwa eyahlukileyo kakhulu kuyo, ngenxa yokuba imeko sembali ixesha.

Abameli iincwadi

Kakade ke, kufuneka uqale Romantics waseJamani, njengoko banika ihlabathi eli intshukumo zoncwadi. Kakade ke, kuqala of bonke kuyinto abazalwana Schlegel kunye Novalis, owokuqala ukuvakalisa ngokwabo njengabameli buciko entsha. Eyona nkalo romanticism - umnqweno ubalekele iqiniso - wabonakaliswa ngezenzo zabo ekuqaleni nonamandla kakhulu. Enye abameli engundoqo oku zithathwa, Kakade ke, Genrih Geyne kunye Iogann Volfgang Gete.

ENgilani, abameli eziphambili Romanticism - nto Dzhordzh Gordon Byron, Uilyam Bleyk kunye uRobert Burns. Phakathi French nababhali oku ayikwazi kubizwa ngokuba Viktora Gyugo, Chateaubriand, Adelbert Musset.

abameli Russian of romanticism - na, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, Zhukovsky, uyise Odoevtsev. Umda lo ubuhle uvumelane ngokugqibeleleyo ezinye imisebenzi Pushkin ( "Ruslan and Lyudmila" igqalwa ngabaphandi abaninzi lwemveliso kuphela zothando).

Omnye umzekelo eziphefumlelweyo zombongo romantic kuthathwa umbongo Lermontov kaThixo "Sail".