Ukugqithwa kwamahashe: iintlobo. Iimpawu kunye neziphumo zamadonki kunye namahhashi

Ngokuxhomekeke kwisicwangciso sophuhliso loqoqosho, kunokudinga iifama kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo: ukusebenza, ezemidlalo kunye neenjongo zokuvelisa. Ukugxininisa nokuqinisa iimpawu ezifunekayo zezilwanyana, kungekhona kuphela ukuzaliswa okubonakalayo, kodwa ukugqithwa kwamahashe, oko kukuthi, ukudibanisa kwabantu abathile beentlobo ezahlukeneyo. Ukufikelela kwiziphumo eziphambili, iintlobo ezininzi zokuwela, zisetyenziselwa ukuxubusha ngokubanzi.

Ulwazi oluqhelekileyo malunga namahhashi okulinganisa

Indlela efanelekileyo yokudibanisa amahashe ikuvumela ukuba ufumane inzala enempilo eneempawu eziyimfuneko. Kubalulekile ukukhetha ixesha elifanelekileyo, ulungiselele amaqabane kakuhle, khetha indlela efanelekileyo yokubhangqa.

Ukuzalisa, i-mares enempilo ikhethwe ngaphantsi kweminyaka emithathu. Isilwanyana kufuneka singene "ekuzingeleni", oko kukuthi, ukuxhatshazwa kwenzeka ngexesha le-estrus ngenyanga. Ngokuqhelekileyo ubude bee-esrus ukusuka kwiintsuku ezintathu ukuya kwiveki, kodwa, ngokuxhomekeke kwimpawu ezizimeleyo zesilwanyana, kunokuthi kube nexesha elide kunye nexesha.

Ukuvuthwa kwi-mare akupheli ngaphezu kweeyure ezingama-48. Ukuze ungaphutheli eli xesha, ukulingana kwenziwa, ukususela ngosuku lwesibini kuze kube sekupheleni kwe-estrus. Ababelethi abanolwazi bazimisele ukulungela ihashe ngalezi zizathu ezilandelayo: isilwanyana siyazithoba, sithume kwaye sishicilele ummelwane othile.

Ukuxubusha kwendalo

Ukuqhathaniswa kwamahashe emhlambini wenziwa ngokwemithetho ethile. Ukulawulwa kwemvelo kwendawo yokugcina imfuyo kuqinisekiswa ngokufumana inzala evela kwindoda enamandla kunomhlambi. Umntu ngamnye oqinileyo ufumana amaqhina amaninzi, apho adibana khona ngamaxesha amaninzi ngemini ngexesha lokungena "ekuzingeleni".

Umsebenzi wezilwanyana uphathwe ngumlinganiselo welanga. Ixesha elifanelekileyo lokusasaza liqala entwasahlobo kwaye lihlala kude kube liphakathi kwehlobo. Kule meko, izilwanyana zivela ekupheleni kwebusika okanye entwasahlobo.

Ukuzala phantsi kolawulo lomntu: iintlobo zokuwela

Ukuwela amahashe ngaphandle kwendle, oko kukuthi, phantsi kweliso lomntu, lwenziwa ngeendlela ezininzi. Zikhona ezi zilandelayo:

• Ukuzala;
• Ukuphumula;
• Isingeniso;
• Zoshishino;
• Ukwahlula okunye.

Iziphambano zifumana iimpawu ze-heterosis. Bayakwazi ukudlula abazali babo ngokubhekiselele ekukhuleni, kwimveliso kunye ne-stati.

Umnqamlezo wokuzala

Olu hlobo luyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kuba lisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iintlobo ezintsha. Ukugqithisa amahashe ngendlela yokuzala kubonakala ngokubambisana nabameli beentlobo ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu. Ngokuxhomekeke kwinani lemizalwane esetyenziswayo, isiphambano sokuzala sinokwahlula (iintlobo ezimbini) kunye nobunzima (ngaphezu kwembini). Ngale ndlela, iziphumo ezigqwesileyo zafunyanwa kwaye amagatsha amasha, afana ne-Oryol trotter, uBudenovskaya kunye nabanye, asuswe.

Ukugqithisa

Le ntlobo isetyenziswe xa kuyimfuneko ukuzisa izilungiso ezinkulu kwilawa okanye ukwenza i-branch engazange izalwe ngaphambili kuloo mmandla. Intsingiselo yokunqamla ukukhawuleza kukusetyenziswa kohlobo olufunekayo ngexesha lokulandelana kwezizukulwana zeentoloni. Ukuchithwa kwegazi enobungozi kulo mzekelo kuziswa kwi-7/8.

Ukugqithiswa kweehashe ezitshintshisayo kuguqula iintlobo ezingekho mveliso, kuba isibeleko sesizukulwana ngasinye sizalana kunye namadoda omsebenzi ophuculweyo, ophuculayo. Ngenxa yoko, iqela lezamahashe ezihamba phambili elisondeleyo ngokwempawu zeentlobo eziphuculweyo, kodwa zineengxaki ezahlukeneyo.

Ukuqala kokuqala

Le yifom eqhelekileyo, ebizwa ngokuba yindlela yokujoba igazi elitsha. Ingundoqo yendlela yokuphucula iimpawu zohlobo ngokufaka igazi kwi-specimen yolunye uhlobo oluneempawu eziyimfuneko. Emva kokufumana i-1/4 ye-hybri kunye ne-1/8 i-dilution iyaqhubeka "ngokwayo". Zonke iinqamlezo zenziwe ngesiseko, ziphucula iimpawu zodwa, kodwa zenze inguqu enkulu kwi-yesebe yesebe.

U kuhamba kweZiko

Le ntlobo isetyenziswe ngokungaqhelekanga, kuba umphumo awunayo injongo yokuzalisa. Imbewu ephuma kuyo inokuba neempawu eziphezulu zezemidlalo okanye isetyenziselwa ekuzaleni ihashe elivelisayo.

Kwiintlambo zorhwebo, izilwanyana zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zomgaqo-siseko kunye nemvelaphi zikhethiweyo, kwaye i-hybrid yokuqala isizukulwana sikhula. Le ndlela isekelwe kwi-heterosis kwaye ikuvumela ukuba ufumane amahhashi asebenzayo, abadlali kunye nabavelisayo. Ekuhambeni kwezentengiselwano, iinqwelomoya ezinamandla ezinqunywe ngamazwe, ukugibela okanye izikhokelo ezisemgangathweni kunye nemirasi yezizwe zendawo zisetyenziselwa.

Ukuguquka

Olu hlobo lokuwela luyinto eqhelekileyo kwisalathiso esisebenza ngokubanzi. Kwisikhuselo, amabini ama-stallions amabini athatyathwa ngokuthe ngqo ukuze athole i-crossbreed. Ngokuqhelekileyo isizukulwana sokuqala sixoxwe nge-stallion yohlobo olulodwa, okwesibini yenye yenye, kwaye isizukulwana sesithathu sibuyiselwa kuqala. Ngamanye amaxesha inani elikhulu labafuyi abahlukeneyo lisetyenzisiweyo.

Iziphambano ezimbini zokuzala kunye neentathu zilungele ukusetyenziswa phantsi kweempahla zombini.

Iziphumo zemigca yamahashe zivumela ukutshintsha nokuphucula umgangatho wegatsha elikhethiweyo. I-heterosis ephezulu ivela kwisizukulwana sokuqala, kwaye ekutshintsheni ukuzalana "ngokwakho" into ephakamileyo yokunciphisa iyancipha.

Ukufumana ama-hybrids

Inzululwazi engapheliyo kunye nomnqweno wokufumana isilwanyana ezinempahla ekhethekileyo kukhokelela ekuveleni kwee-hybrids zamahhashi. Ukuqhathaniswa kwamahashe + nezinye izilwanyana kwenza ukuba kufikeleleke ukufumana izibonda ezilungele ukusebenza kanzima, isimo sezulu eshushu kunye nefowuni embi. Abafuyi beenkomo bakwazi ukuvelisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zee-hybridi, kodwa eziqhelekileyo ziyaqhekeka ngeeyubhra (zebroids) kunye neesile.

Zebraids

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ama-mares kunye nama-stallions amadiza asetyenziselwa ukufumana olo hlobo. Xa uzama ukugubungela idiza yowesifazane kunye ne-horse stallion, ukuchumisa kwenzeka ngokuqhelekileyo. Abantu ababenokubakho bendabuko basondele kumzimba kumzimba womama, kwaye umbala oqingqiweyo uzuze kwifa. AmaZebraid asetyenziswa ezintabeni kunye neentlango, njengoko zihlala zinzima kunamahashe. Ngenxa yeempawu zesakhiwo somfuzo, iimbobe zeeyubhra kunye namahashe ayinyumba.

Kuza kube yimini, injongo ephambili ye-zybroids - ukusebenza kweekisi kunye nokukhwabanisa kwabantwana.

Ihashe kunye neesile hybrid

Ukuwela i-esile kunye nehashe kunikeze i-hybrid ekhethekileyo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-mule. Isilwanyana esitsha sasingaphantsi kobukhulu beehashe, kodwa sasinamandla kwaye sinamandla. Ukongezelela, kunokuziqhayisa ixesha elide lokuphila. Nangona kunjalo, kwijubane lokunyakaza kwama-mules ayephantsi kakhulu kumahashe.

Ukubonakala kwe-mule kubandakanya idatha yabazali bobabini. Nazi izici zombini kunye neesile zilandelwa ngokucacileyo. Izilwanyana zineentloko ezinkulu, iindlebe ezixubileyo, imilenze emincinci, iinqwelwana ezincinci kunye ezincinci, intamo enkulu, umzimba olinganayo kunye nezihlunu ezinamandla.

Iesile kunye nehashe, eziye zawela ukuze zivelise i-hybrid, zinezikhwama ezahlukeneyo. Umbala we-mule obangelwa rhoqo uxhomekeke kumgca womama. Ukuba unina unemibala ebonakalayo, i-mule iyakudla ilifa lombala we-pugue. Ukususela kwi-breed breed, ubukhulu kunye nokwakhiwa kwe-mule kuxhomekeka kakhulu. Isakhiwo senhloko, iindlebe kunye neenyawo zisondele kumgca wobazali.

Loshak

Ihashe kunye neesile, ukudibanisa okukhokelela ekubonakaleni kwee-mules, yindlela efanelekileyo yokufumana i-hybrid esebenzayo. Kodwa ukuwela kwe-stallion kunye nembongolo inika umphumo ongaphantsi. I-hybrid efunyenweyo ibizwa ngokuba yihashe. Ekubeni amathuba ombilini weesilwanyana aphelelanga, isilwanyana siphezulu kwaye sincinci ngaphezu kwe-mule. Ebonakalayo, zifana nehashe zasendle. Bakhulu-bentloko, banentamo emfutshane kunye ne-mane. Iindlebe zide kuneamahashe, kodwa zincinci kunezimbongolo.

Ukufumana ihashe kunzima kunokuba i-mule, kuba iidonki zinyamezela izilwanyana ezinqabileyo. Ukufakelwa kwemfuyo kwenzeka kaninzi kangangoko, kubahluko phakathi kwenani lama-chromosomes ekukhulelwa, izibini ezimbalwa ziyamkeleka kwindoda kunesifazana. Inzala izalwe buthathaka, kuba ixesha lokukhulelwa kweesile lifutshane kunelo leli.

Ubunzima bokufumana le ngxubevange kunye nokusebenza kakubi kubangele ukuba i-hounds ayizange isasazeke nakwiindawo eziphezulu zokusetyenziswa kwamahashe kunye nemichiza yazo kwezolimo nakucandelo.

Kutheni i-hybrids isterter?

Ukutshatyalaliswa kweesile kunye namahashe kukhokelela kwimveliso yabesilisa abangenasweleko, kodwa amabhinqa kwiimeko ezithile (ezinye) zinako ukunika abantwana. Kutheni oku kwenzekayo? Kukho impendulo engokwenzululwazi enembuzo kulo mbuzo.

Inyani kukuba i-esile kunye nehashe inenani elithile lama-chromosomes. Amashishini anama-64, kwaye idonki inamalungu angama-62. Ukuze uqhubeke nelolu hlobo, i-chromosomes iyimfuneko, kwaye i-mule ilifa inani elingenakubalwa, okungukuthi, ama-chromosomes angama-63. Oku kuba ngumqobo ekuveliseni.

Indlela amahhashi kunye neentlobo zee-hybrid ezisetyenziswa ngayo namhlanje

Uphuhliso oluqhubekayo lwetheknoloji luye lwakhokelela ekubeni kwanokuba amahashe alahlekelwa ngokunyanisekileyo. Ukuthuthwa kwabantu kunye nempahla, kulungele ngakumbi kwaye kukhawuleza ukusebenzisa imoto, kungekhona ukuthuthwa kwehashe. Ukuba amahashe asetyenziselwa injongo yezemidlalo, iintambo zamahhashi kunye nemibukiso, kunye nokuphumla kunye nokukhangisa, akukho phantse ifuna iimpawu ezixubileyo.

Kwiindawo ezisentabeni amahashe kunye nama-mules asetyenziswa namhlanje ukuthuthwa kwempahla, kodwa kuninzi kakhulu. Isicelo esisisiseko seentlobo ze-hybride zizenzo zeeksi kunye neeholide ezifutshane. Ngelishwa, ukuzalisekisa le mfuno, inani elikhulu lezilwanyana alifunanga.

Izibalo zithatha ngokukhawuleza ukuncipha kwenani lamahhashi angabonakaliyo kunye nabasebenzi, kunye nazo zonke iintlobo ze-hybrid, oko kukuthi, zebroids, i-hams, kunye nama-mules.

Amahhashi emdlalweni weNtshonalanga yeNtshonalanga kwi-Intanethi

Ukuzaliswa kwamahashe kunokwenziwa kuphela kwimpilo yangempela. Kukho imidlalo ye-intanethi apho kwenziwa khona loo mkhuba. Yiyiphi inzala eya kubonakala ngenxa yokuzaliswa komnqamlezo omnye okanye olunye uhlobo kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezininzi.

Iingongoma eziphambili kunye neziphumo zokuhlukana kwamahashe e-BDO ziya kuqwalaselwa ngokubanzi:

1. Kulo mdlalo awukwazi ukubamba i-stallion yasendle, eya kuba nombala owodwa.
2. Umgangatho wenzalo awuxhomekeke kubuhlanga beehashe, kodwa kwinqanaba le-stallion okanye i-mare.
3. Izilwanyana kumdlalo zinomda wokuwela. Ukuba ngaba izibini ezimbini zivunyelwe ukuba zindoda, i-mare iyatholakala kuphela.
4. Yintoni eya kuba yinzala yezilwanyana ezithile, unokubala kwi-calculator ekhethekileyo ye-Intanethi.

Ukuzaliswa kwama-stallion kwi-Desert Black kukuvumela umdlali ukuba athathe imali yesilivere, kuba iindlela zokuhamba zodwa apha ziihashe, kwaye eziphakamileyo zazo ziphezulu, ixabiso elibi kakhulu liya kudayiswa.