Intsapho i-rye rye. Amakhowe mlechniki

I-fungi mlechniki - ubuzalwana obukhulu befungi yeSyrosejkovye. Igama labo liguqulelwe ngqo kwigama lesiLatin elithi Lactrarius. Bafumene eli gama ngenxa yokuba le makhowa ayinayo i-fibers, kwaye ekhefu bahlula i-milky juice. Kwamanye amalungu alolu hlobo, lincinci, kwaye linye i-milk caustic.

I-genus ibandakanya iidumi kwaye zithandwa ngabo bonke ama-mushroom kunye ne-ryzhiki, kunye ne-freckles, i-rubella, i-funys, i-molochae nabanye abaninzi. I-Mlechniki - amakhowe, ekhetha indawo enomileyo kwimimandla equlisayo kunye neyehlwayo. Ixesha eliphambili elivela kumbono ngowokuphela kukaJulayi. Unokuhlangabezana nezinye zeentlobo de ukuqala kwe-Oktobha.

Ukubonakala mlechnikov oqhelekileyo kubo bonke abantu. Umzekelo ocacileyo yi-rozhiki eyaziwayo. Into kuphela eguquka ngumbala weentsimbi, ezihluka kumhlophe, zibe zimpunga, zibomvu, zibomvu. I-fungus mlericum, ifoto yayo ifakwe kwinqaku, xa ivela emhlabeni, inokuqala isinqamlezo esenziwe ngesigqabi esingaphantsi komgca wangaphakathi, kamva ivula kwaye ibukeka njenge-saucer eneziko leentsimbi okanye i-funnel, kwaye imida iyaqala ukuhamba. Umphezulu owomileyo okanye omanzi, ogugu. Kwamanye amakhowe kulungile. Amanye ama-mushroom mlechiki anesicathulo esinomlinganiselo weesentimitha ukuya kuma-5, kwaye ezinye iziqhwala zikhula zibe ngamasentimitha angama-15 ububanzi. Imisongo ivame ukuba nombala ofanayo kunye nentonga okanye isikhatshana esincinane. Ubude bayo buhluka ngokuxhomekeka kwendawo yokuhlala yefungus (ukuphakama kwengca okanye i-moss) - ukusuka kumitha ambalwa ukuya ku-6-7 amasentimitha. Imilenze ayikho emacaleni okanye ikhulu. Umzimba wefungi ugcwele izitishi apho i-milky juice ihamba. Ngokuqhelekileyo umhlophe, omoya uqala ukubumnyama kwaye umbala umquba ngokwawo. Ngenxa yokuba amanye amakhowe ahluleka kakhulu kwaye akhathaze umonakalo, ukusuka ekuthinteni kunye nexesha, avela kwizinto ezibizwa ngokuthi "ukutshisa" - amabala amnyama asasazeka ngokukhawuleza phezu komhlaba wonke. Ngendlela, le ntlupheko ibonakaliswe egameni le-mushroom lamakhowe. Ngokutsho kweengcinga zenzululwazi, i-etymology yelizwi elithi "iiparele" liza kwigama elithi "ingxakeko," oku kuthetha "inzima" kwisiLithuania. Enyanisweni, kukho enye inguqu yemvelaphi yale gama - ukusuka kwigama elithi "gruel" - amakhowe akhula kwisihlwele, "amaqela", ngamaqela amakhulu.

Iifungi mlechniki ifunyanwa yonke indawo. Ukusabalala kokuhambisa kwabo kubanzi kakhulu. Zizonke iindidi ezingama-120 ziyaziwa, ezingama-90 zazo zifumaneka kwintsimi ye-Soviet Union. EYurophu, ezi fungi zibhekwa njengetyhefu kwaye zingadliwayo, kodwa eRussia, ngokuvuya okukhulu, ezininzi ziqokelelwa. Zikulungele ukwenza umsebenzi wobusika. Zilisiwe kwaye zihlanjululwe, ezinye zeentlobo zomileyo kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukunambitha izitya zokuqala nezesibini, kunye nokulungiselela ama-sauces amakhowe athile.

Amakhowe asetsheni asetyenziswe kwi-pharmacology. Kwezinye iintlobo ze-lupus, lactariovilin ifumaneka, i-antibiotic esetyenziselwa unyango lwe-TB, kunye neengso kunye nezifo ze-gallbladder. Kwijusi yesonka esibuhlungu sinomxholo ovimbela ukukhula kwe-Staphylococcus aureus.