Ukufaka abantu bemveli kwiimoto ezahlukeneyo: ukutshintshwa, ukulungiswa, ukufakwa

Ukuguqula i- crankshaft inserts yenye yezona zinto zixhaphake kakhulu. Oku akukho ekukholelweni kwayo, kodwa kuchaphazela ukusebenza. Ngaphezulu, iimpawu kunye nemigaqo yokusebenza kwezifakelo, kunye nokutshintshwa kwe-liners zangaphakathi, ziqwalaselwa.

Inkcazo

Ukufakwa kwezimpembelelo ziinjongo zeenjineli ezimelelwe ngamabhanti avulekileyo, asebenza ekunciphiseni ukunyuka kwe-axial ye-crankshaft kwaye kuqinisekiswe ukujikelezwa kwamaphephandaba e-crank kwisigxina se-cylinder.

Umgaqo wokusebenza

Kuyilo lweemoto ezisetyenziswe ezininzi izinto ezijikelezayo. Ukukhululeka kokujikeleza kwabo kuqinisekiswa ngokusetyenziswa kweebherethi. Inxalenye ejikelezayo kakhulu ejikelezayo ye injini yi-crankshaft. Ngako oko, ikwafakwe kwiibhere, kunye nezixhobo eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswayo. Iimpawu zanamhlanje zalolu hlobo zimelelwe ngamashishini ensimbi kunye neengubo zokufakelwa. Ezi zixhobo zenzalo.

Iintlobo zokufaka

Ukongezelela kumthonyama kukho iintonga zokudibanisa. Kubalulekile ukwahlula.

Ngaphandle kweebhanki eziphakathi, banemihlathi engama-annular. Iinkcukacha zenkxaso yangaphakathi zibanzi kunabanye. Ingqungquthela enjalo ifakwa 10: 4 kunye ne-groove kunye no-6 ngaphandle. Kwimeko yebhokisi yeesilinda zikhupha amaqabunga ahlukileyo kunye nama-groove kunye enye engenakho kwindawo yesithathu. Ama-asele aphakanyiswe kwisiseko.

Ukudibanisa iindonga zeendonga zincinci ubuncinane. Ziye zafana ngokulinganayo, ngoko zitshintshana, kwaye azinayo i-grooves annular. Kwintonga yokuxhuma iphakame i-liner enebhodi, kunye nesiphakamiso ngaphandle.

Iimpawu zofakelo

Ukusekwa kweengcambu kufaka kugxininiswe kwindawo echanekileyo kwiindawo ezikhethiweyo ezibizwa ngokuba ngamabhedi. Isidingo sokufakelwa okusisigxina sichazwa yimimiselo emibini. Okokuqala, ezinye ii-liners zinemibhobho yeoli, kwaye kufuneka zidibaniswe neziteshi ezifanayo kwiibhedi. Okwesibini, kuvumela ukubonelela ngeenkcukacha kwiindawo ezilungiselelwe le njongo.

Izixhobo zokusebenza

Ngexesha lokusebenza kweenjini, ii-liners zithotyelwa kwimithwalo rhoqo ngenxa yokubambisana kwezi ndawo. Ngoko ke, ukufakwa kwezinto eziphambili kufuneka kwenziwe ngokulungiswa okuthembekileyo ukwenzela ukuba ugweme ukufuduka kwabo ngendawo yokujikeleza. Kule ndlela, amanyathelo athatyathwa:

• Okokuqala, qwa lasela iimbambano zengxabano zeengxenye ezikulo mbuzo, ezibonakalisa xa zidibanisa omnye nomnye phantsi komthwalo. Ubungakanani bayo bunqunywe li-coefficient of friction kunye nenani lomthwalo kwiindawo ezidibeneyo. Ngoko ke, ukuqinisekisa ukugcinwa okuthembekileyo kweebhanki, kuyimfuneko ukunciphisa impembelelo kubo kwi-crankshaft. Kule nto, ukunciphisa umlinganiso wokukhathala ngokusebenzisa izixhobo zokukhupha, ezifakwe kwiindawo zamabhanki.
• Okwesibini, ukufakwa kweengcambu kuqhutywe endaweni. Zinokusetyenziswa iindlela ezimbini. Ezi zinto zifakwe ngokuphazamiseka okuchazwe ngendlela eyakhayo. Ukongezelela, ngamnye wabo unento eyongezelelweyo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-antenna, nayo ibambelela ukubamba.

Ubukhulu

Iiparamitha ezipheleleyo kufuneka zaziwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuchaneka okuchanekileyo kokufaka ingcambu. Ubukhulu bezinto ezikhethiweyo zikhethwe ngesiseko sobubhedi. Kule parameter, ukufakwa kufakwahlula ngamaqela asayizi, ukutyunjwa kwalo okukuyo ekumakeni.

Ngokwesayizi, ii-crankshafts zihlulwe zibe yi-nominal kunye nokulungiswa kweekrankshafts. Kukho ubukhulu becala bokulungisa kunye no-0.25 mm. Ziyasetyenziswa ukuba ukutshintshwa kuqhutyelwa i-crankshaft ephosiweyo ngokuhambelana nobukhulu bayo.

Izizathu zokugqoka

Njengoko kukhankanywe ngasentla, xa injini isebenza kuyo yonke i-liner liner ye injini, amandla okuxhatshaza ahlala ezama ukuwususa kwisimo sawo sokuqala. Kwimeko yokuqala kwiinjini ezisebenzayo, amandla amacandelo aya kubalwa ngomda ukuze alwe nemithwalo enjalo. Iinqununu zamandla ukuya kuma-lititha ezingama-200. . Uxinzelelo lwe-liner luvela kwi-0.1 ukuya kwi-1 kgf. Ubukhulu bombutho walo bunqumle nomthwalo kwi-coefficient of friction.

Ukongeza, i-liners ikhuselwe yinto yokuba isebenza kwi-regrouction regriction regime. Oku kuqinisekiswa ngokusetyenziswa kweoli, eyenza ifilimu phakathi kwentamo yomthi kunye nomsebenzi osebenzayo we-liner. Ngaloo ndlela, iindawo ezikulo mbuzo zikhuselwe kumntu oqhagamshelana ngqo, kwaye amandla amancinci athatyathwayo. Ukubunjwa kwefilimu yeoli kuyamiselwa ngejubane lokufuduka komzimba ngokuxutywa kwamalungu. Ngokunyuka kwawo, urhulumente wama-hydrodynamic wokunyuka kwamanani. Ngeli gama lithetha ukunyuka kobuchule bokumisa ifilimu ibe yintengo kunye nokwandisa ubukhulu bayo ngenxa yale nto. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko isantya seenxalenye zanda, inani lokushisa elikhutshwe ngexesha lokunyuka kwamafutha, kwaye ngenxa yoko, ukushisa kweoli kuyanda. Oku kukhokelela ekuhlanjululeni kwayo, ngenxa yolu hlobo lwefayili elinciphileyo. Ngoko ke, ukuze kusebenze imodeli yokusebenza, kuyimfuneko ukufezekisa umlinganiselo phakathi kweenkqubo ezicatshangelwe.

Xa kwenzeka ukuphulwa kwentlalo yefilimu yeoli, umlinganiselo wokuxubana uyanda. Ngenxa yoko, i-torque ye-cranking eyenziwa ngumkhwa wesikrankshaft yanda nangomthwalo onjalo.

Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha kukho imeko echasayo, xa imithwalo eyongeziweyo ngenxa yezizathu ezithile ibangela ukunciphisa ubunzima befilimu yeoli. Ngenxa yoko, iqondo lokushisa likhuphuka, ngokukodwa kwindawo yokuxubana. Ngenxa yoko, i-lubricant idibanisa, iyancipha ngakumbi ukunyusa.

Ezi nkqubo zinokudityaniswa kwaye zibonakalise ngokuhlangeneyo. Oko kukuthi, enye yazo ingabangela umnye.

Ngenxa yoko, i-viscosity yeoli ikhuthaza kakhulu umzuzu wokujika. Ulwalamano oluphakathi kwezi zinto luhambelana ngokuthe ngqo, oko kukuthi, phezulu, likhulu lokuxhatshazwa. Ukongeza, nge-viscosity ephezulu, i-oil wedge iyanda. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba i-viscosity iphakamileyo kakhulu, i-oyile ayiqhubi kwimimandla eyaneleyo kwindawo yokuxubana, apho ukunyuka kwe-oil wedge iyancipha. Ngenxa yoko, impembelelo ye-viscosity yeoli ejikelezayo yeebhanki ayikwazi ukucaciswa ngokungenakulinganiswa. Ngoko ke, qwalasela enye impahla yeli bakala: i-lubricity, eqondwa njengamandla okubambelela kumgangatho osebenzayo.

I-coefficient of friction igqitywe ngukugqwesa nokuchaneka kwejometri yeendawo zokudibanisa, kwakunye nokuba khona kweengqungquthela zangaphandle kwi-lubricant. Kwimeko yokubonakala kweengqungquthela kwiisitenxo zokugcoba okanye zomhlaba, le filimu iyaphulwa, ngokokuba kwezinye iindawo kuvela ulawulo lwenkqubela. Ngaphezu koko, ezi zinto zibonakaliswa ngokugqithiseleyo ekuqaleni kokusebenza kwemoto, xa kusetyenziswe indawo, ngoko iindawo zokuxubha zithintela ngokugqithiseleyo kwixesha eli xesha.

Ukongezelela, i- crankshaft ye-crankshaft i-crankshafts igxininiswe ngenxa yokuzama ukungenelisekanga ukuwagcina ebhedeni. Ingabangelwa ukufakwa kokungafundanga okanye isiphumo sokugqoka ngenxa yempembelelo yefowuni.

Ukuhlola ii-liners

Ngokuqhelekileyo kukho ukufuduka kweengcambu zeengcambu kwi-site yokufaka i-crankshaft (i-crank). Oku kungabangelwa ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka okubamba iinxalenye ezicatshangelwayo kwiibhedi, ngaphantsi kwefuthe le micimbi ekhankanywe ngasentla, kwaye enye yamathambo ayanele ngokwaneleyo ukugcina.

Ukuqhekeka kweebhedi zebhedi ezivela kwibhedi kunokumiselwa yimiba enjengezithulu ezingenazithulu ngexesha lokusebenza kwinjineli kunye noxinzelelo lwenkunkuma kwi-lubrification system.

Ukulungiswa

Ukufaka endaweni yokufaka ingundoqo, iisethi zeentambo kunye ne-screwdriver kunye ne-micrometer ziyadingeka. Ukulungiswa kwezinto ezingundoqo kubandakanya imisebenzi emininzi.

• Okokuqala, kufuneka ufumane ukufikelela kwimoto ukusuka ngasezantsi. Okokuthi, kufuneka ifakwe kwi-pit pit orver.
• Susa umkhokelo ongezantsi kwi-battery terminal.
• Emva koko, qhawula i- oil sump (le ndlela yindlela elula yokufikelela kuyo, ungaqala ukudibanisa ukusuka phezulu uze ukhuphe injini).
• Emva koko, umnini-mgcini we-oyile we-crankshaft osuswa emva kweso sakhiwo.
• Emva koko ususe ikhava ye-camshaft ye-drive ne-gasket.
• Emva koko susa ikhonkco kwi- crankshaft sprocket .
• Emva koko, kufuneka uphawule indawo ehambelana nesithintelo sokuthwala ngokubhekiselele kwibloko ye-cylinder kunye neentambo zokudibanisa nezihlobo zazo.
• Emva koko, usebenzisa isikrasi-14, unqamle i-rod nuts kunye ne-liner.
• Le mi sebenzi iphindaphindiwe kuzo zonke iindonga zokuxhuma.
• Ekugqityiwe, iimbobo ziphakanyiswa phezulu.
• Emva koko makhuphe amaqabunga amaqabunga avela kwiimbobo kunye neentonga.
• Emva koko, usebenzisa isihluthulelo kwi-17, unqamle i-caps shaft bearing caps.
• Okokuqala, susa isiqwenga sokugqibela.
• Ivula ukungena kwiincinci zincinci ezinqabini kwi-groove ye-crankshaft yangaphambili. Ziyakususwa ngokuchukumisa iziphelo nge-screwdriver encinci.
• Le mi sebenzi iphinda iphindwe kwii-caps zokubamba ezisele. Ngaloo ndlela kuyimfuneko ukubamba i-shaft engqiniweyo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iibhondi zibaliwe, kwaye inani livela kwi-crankshaft sock.
• Emva koko kukhishwa kwi-crankcase.
• Okokuqala, thabatha i-rod liners, kunye ne-crankshaft.
• I-crankshaft kufuneka ihlolwe umonakalo. Ukuba zikhoyo, iinkcukacha zitshintshiwe.
• Kwakhona, iifom ye-conrod kunye nesiseko ihlolwe ngokulinganisa nge-micrometer. Idata efunyenweyo iyahambelana nedata echaziweyo.
• Ukuba kuyimfuneko, iinkcukacha ziphoswe. Kule meko, kuya kufuneka ukuba ulinganise ukubala ukuba ubukhulu bokufakelwa.
• I-Crankshaft ihlanjululwa yi-kerosene yokuhlamba kunye neentambo.
• Emva koko, faka iigobolondo ezitsha zokuzala.
• Kwimihlaba ye-five bearing bearing the semirings is fixed with grooves to crankshaft.
• Emva koko, khangela isithuba phakathi kwezi ndawo. Inani eliqhelekileyo li-0.06-0.26 mm. Ukuba ngaba ngaphezu kwe-0.35 mm, sebenzisa amasongo okunyuka.
• I-Crankshaft ifakwe kwi-block, yangaphambili i-oyile.
• Emva koko phaya i-caps bears kwaye ukhangele inkululeko yokujikeleza kwe-crankshaft.
• Ukudibanisa iindonga, ii-liners kunye nezembozo zifakwe kuyo.
• Emva koko phaya i-oil sump.
• Emva koko, faka umnini wesikrankshaft kunye nebhokisi lokugubha kwangemva.
• Ekugqibeleni, faka iindawo ezisele.
• Ekugqibeleni, hlengisa ukuxhatshazwa kwexesha lokuhamba, ibhanti ye-generator kunye nomzuzu wokutshisa.