Izaci IsiNgesi eliguqulelwe - imizekelo amanani

Ukudala master palette, kufuneka imibala ezintathu kuphela: obomvu, otyheli, oluhlaza. Ukuxuba kubo, sifumana i esiphakathi ekuthiwa-: oluhlaza,-orenji emsi nemfusa nebomvu. Kwaye ngoko? I-kude, imibala ngakumbi ezikhanyayo, ngaphandle apho ubomi - umboniso emnyama namhlophe. Nantso into eyenzekayo ngolwimi: oonobumba, izandi, amalungu, amagama, amabinzana, kunye, Kakade ke, amaqhalo, ngaphandle apho ubomi iba nazwi umboniso omnyama nomhlophe. Omabini la maqhalo IsiNgesi akukho ngaphandle.

phraseology

Yintoni intetho? Kukho eziphakamileyo ukwakha ngezininzi kwimijelo kunye namagumbi phantsi kwegama "Ezolimi". Kufuneka ukuba makangankqonkqozi kwenye kweeklasi ezinkulu ngokwaneleyo ebizwa ngokuba "phraseology". Kanye apha, inxaxheba kuphononongo kweeyunithi phraseological - irobust ezongeziweyo, imidibaniso ezibonisa amagama abe nexabiso ezihlanganisiweyo owodwa kwaye enza umsebenzi ofanayo syntactic.

Ngokomzekelo - izaci ngolwimi IsiNgesi ngoguqulo: up likabani enemikhono - zixazalala, zixazalala, slipshod; xa eqhubela phambili impilo - «esempilweni, Yomelela, igazi kunye nobisi; zonke inch ukumkani - langoku, ukusuka entloko ukuya toe, kunye nabanye.

IsiNgesi

Phraseology - ubuncwane ngokwenene ulwimi, ngaphandle kokukhetha na. Jonga ukuba oku kuthi izaci ngolwimi IsiNgesi, nto leyo kangangeenkulungwane ithathe imbali yabantu, nesiko, inkcubeko, ubomi, iimpawu zabo wesizwe. Banceda nje ukuchonga mithombo iphambili imvelaphi amaqhalo. Ngomhla imvelaphi amaqhalo IsiNgesi bohlulwa babe ngamaqela amabini: lweenkobe IsiNgesi waboleka. Nevuthisayo ngexesha ke, ukuba yahlulwe cross-kulwimi kunye Intralanguage. Apha, kwiklasi ekhethekileyo eyabelwe waboleka izaci ngendlela amazwe.

Ukusuka ngentla siya dwelisa mahlelo mane alandelayo:

• izaci IsiNgesi enjengozalwayo;
• ngokuboleka kwezinye iilwimi;
• Ukuboleka Intralanguage - maqhalo, ababevela emkhosini waloo US, Australian IsiNgesi;
• izaci waboleka ngendlela amazwe.

Kwaye ngoku ngakumbi malunga nganye kwezi zinto zichazwe ngasentla.

amaqhalo IsiNgesi Native

Le iqela enkulu kangangoko. Kunokuthiwa, omninzi nokwakheka idiomatic IsiNgesi. Ngaphakathi kule hlobo la maqela alandelayo: okokuqala, kuba ezixutyiweyo esitalini ezinxulumene zokwenene IsiNgesi. Umzekelo, ukuba azalwe ngaphakathi isandi Bow iintsimbi, elithetha "ukuzalwa eLondon," kodwa inguqulelo yokoqobo iyalila "kuzalwa isandi iintsimbi ibandla St Mary-le-Bow." Into yokuba eli bandla ezaziwayo-kakuhle intliziyo capital eNgilani.

Okulandelayo - intetho apho ezibonakaliswa amasiko nezithethe zamaNgesi. Ngokomzekelo, cinga izaci IsiNgesi ezifana ne translation: ukunciphisa umntu ngaphandle nge idenariyo - ushiye nalifa (ukuba lilifa eliza kushiywa idenariyo enye kuphela, ngoko esi senzo lazibophelela ngabom); ukuba ihlale ngaphezulu (ngezantsi) ityuwa - ukuba babe kumgangatho ophezulu (sezantsi) kwi iinkokeli (ngokutsho IsiNgesi isiko amahasa ityuwa wazibeka embindini itafile, kwaye iindwendwe uhleli ngokungqinelana badume ekuhlaleni: amanene - kuba isiphelo esisemantla netafile, kunye namahlwempu - ngenxa ezantsi).

Hayi ngaphandle iinkolelo British: zangene ilitye Blarney - kuba indoda ogudileyo (ngokwe legend, nabani na amange ilitye, ibekwe woxande olude e Ireland Blarney, ilixa uba umnini isipho sokuthetha, okucengacengayo).

bible

legacy omkhulu Phraseological ngolwimi IsiNgesi abemkileyo iBhayibhile kunye omkhulu Vilyam Shekspir.

Inani "biblicisms" okanye yebhayibhile amabinzana amisiweyo, bukhulu kangangokuba ukudwelisa kubo - kakhulu umsebenzi olula. Kuba omnye kakhulu ezisetyenziswayo kwi IsiNgesi namhlanje ungenakubalwa mabinzana alandelayo: ukuba awuthwale likabani umnqamlezo - ukuba awuthwale umnqamlezo; ukubulala ithole »eliya - ngokoqobo lithetha ukuhlatywa iiseli ezityebileyo (ibali malunga intlanganiso wonyana wolahleko), oko kukuthi bamkelekile ngezandla ezishushu; ukuba ukuhlwayela umoya kuvuna isaqhwithi - ukuhlwayela umoya - kuvuna isaqhwithi, neembila zithutha ngenxa yezinto ezimbi; ukuhlala phantsi komdiliya kabani kunye komkhiwane - ngokoqobo lithetha ukuba ahlale phantsi komkhiwane komdiliya nomkhiwane, oko kuthetha ntoni ukuba ahlale ekhaya uxolo nonqabiseko, ukuba abe kweli khaya.

Kufuneka ikhankanywe into yokuba abaninzi amaxabiso IsiNgesi iiyunithi phraseological of Biblical imvelaphi sichasene zabo incwadi prototype, ngenxa kuqwalaselwe amabali yebhayibhile ekuhambeni kwexesha, kwakunye kokushiywa archaisms ezithile kwaye ukutshintsha umyalelo kwamagama.

Vilyam Shekspir

Enye umaleko ebalulekileyo - i "Shakespearianism" oko kukuthi, amazwi esitalini enxulumene imisebenzi kaShakespeare. inani lawo elipheleleyo enze ngaphezu kwekhulu iiyunithi. Umzekelo, impambano phakathi ehlotyeni - impambano (umdlalo "weShumi Night"); iintsuku isaladi - abaselula-eluhlaza, lixesha lokuba engenamava obutsha (play "Antony kunye Cleopatra"); ukuwina izimvo zegolide - ukuba uyabathanda jikelele (umdlalo "Henry IV») kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Kananjalo bekukho abathile utyeshelo ukususela okubhaliweyo ekuchubekeni enkulu: lobeko, ukuncitshiswa izivakalisi, ngokubuyisela amanye amagama ngabanye. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimeko apho igama elithile kudala siwile yayekwa, kodwa iye yaqinisekisa ngayo kuqala, ixabiso kwi "Shakespearianism". Umzekelo okuphawuleka Ingeniso evela kabani Bourne akukho mbuyekezo umhambi - ukusuka kummandla yokufa, akukho namnye owakha kodwa wabuya, leyo eqhubeka Bourne ubomi archaism - mda umda.

IsiNgesi Literature and History

classical IsiNgesi iincwadi, umntu usenokuthi, wenze igalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso kwenkqubo phraseology IsiNgesi. Ukongezelela Shakespeare, ababhali ezifana Dzhefri Chosser, uAleksandr Poup, uWalter Scott, Dzhon Milton, uCharles Dickens kunye nabanye abaninzi bazizityebi mali idiomatic IsiNgesi. Umzekelo, ukuba ukubamba smb. obomvu-sasekhohlo (Valter Skott) - ukuze ukubamba mbambe ebomvu-sasekhohlo kwi ndawo ulwaphulo-mthetho; kuwa phezu imihla yeenkathazo (Dzhon Milton) - iintsuku amnyama, ntimfa ubukho uludwayi kubuhlwempu; ingxowa amathambo (Charles Dickens) - ulusu namathambo, ukuba amandla; indoda ngoLwesihlanu (Defoe) - ngoLwesihlanu; ethembekile.

Kwi qela elifanayo waphawula inani elininzi leeyunithi phraseological, njengenxenye kukho amagama abadumile, amaNgesi owahlukileyo apho: Hobson wakhetha - ukhetho bengathandi, ukukhetha ngenkani (Robson - umnini izitali e Cambridge kwinkulungwane yeshumi efuna abathengi zaso kuphela ehasheni, lisondele ngomnyango)

ukuboleka

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, ibolekwe iiyunithi phraseological e IsiNgesi kakhulu, kwaye ke lungohlulwa lube nomnye. Indawo sokuqala amandla oluzinzileyo, kanye uwele ulwandle ukusuka eUnited States yaye ngenkalipho ukubeka unyawo kunxweme Albion. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-Intralanguage ukuboleka. Njengomgaqo, bazalana ukuba imisebenzi zobugcisa ababhali America: i-dollar usomandla (W. Irving) - yinkcazelo isigqebelo "dollar uSomandla"; i-oo yokugqibela (O'Connor) - swansong, i-oo lokugqibela; wokugqibela Mohicans (F. Cooper) - ngomnye wabo "izaci Russian-IsiNgesi", njengoko liye nogxa yayo ngolwimi Russian - wokugqibela Mohicans, ummeli yokugqibela, kunye nabanye.

Ngoko kukho umzobo yamandulo - maqhalo, wakhwela kulwimi IsiNgesi ukusuka amaphepha ababhali bamandulo, kuquka zeemposiso yamandulo eGrisi naseRoma: 'isithende - ndawo buthathaka, achiles i Achilles' isithende; yeso yokuhlukana - oyena nobangela ubutshaba okanye ingxabano, ithambo ingxabano; ubudala golden - ixesha nempumelelo imvuselelo, iminyaka yegolide.

Okulandelayo, landela ukuboleka mnt isiFrentshi, isiJamani, IsiSpanish, IsiDutch, IsiTshayina, Danish, Iilwimi Russian: umphefumlo iza ukutya (Fransua Rable) - iphango iza ngokudla; igazi kunye nesinyithi - zokoqobo translation "zentsimbi kunye negazi" ngengqiqo yokuba "ukusetyenziswa ongenalusini amandla '(imigaqo uphawu nkqubo Bismarck zicinezelwa kakhulu abachasi ngumbutho emazweni German); nokujikeleza kwi iphendukile (ingawenzi) - ekulweni iphendukile; i ledada elibi (Andersen AH) - ledada elibi ngaphandle nomtsalane, kodwa ngaphakathi uhlobo kunye ephendulayo, lolu ngokwangaphandle, kodwa kamva kunye kwicala ukuvulwa engalindelekanga; i INDODA EGULAYO of Europe - le ngxelo kunganxulunyaniswa kudidi "izaci Russian ngolwimi IsiNgesi," yaye lithetha "umntu ogulayo yaseYurophu" (oko kwabalelwa Nicholas mna, Endibe ndingonqula njengoko eTurkey).