Izibizo: imizekelo. Izibizo - izibizo zabo kokuhlambeleyo

Umntu ngamnye osebenzisa rhoqo amakhulu imihla zezibizo kwintetho yabo. Noko ke, asinguye wonke umntu uya kuba nako ukuphendula umbuzo ebhaliweyo ukuba siye koluphi udidi uthengwayo yeyomnye okanye elinye igama lokuba amagama okanye igama indlu, nokuba kukho umahluko phakathi kwazo. Kanti ke, kula ulwazi elula kuxhomekeke kuphela kwi nokubhala esibhaliweyo, kodwa kwakhona ukukwazi ukuqonda kakuhle oko sikufundayo, ngenxa yokuba kaninzi ukufunda kuphela amagama, uyakwazi ukubona igama okanye nje igama yezinto.

Ibizo: it

Phambi kokuba uqonde ukuba izibizo ibizwa ngokuba izibizo kunye olwaziwa, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba.

Izibizo ngamagama, ukuba uphendule lo mbuzo, "Yintoni?" "Ngubani na?" Yaye ebonisa igama izinto okanye abantu ( "itafile", "umntu"), ziyashiyana ziyancipha, isini, inombolo kunye icala. Ukongeza, amagama ephathelele kulo yinxalenye intetho, kukho zabucala / igama indlu.

Ingcamango yesibizo: izibizo eziqhelekileyo nelifanelekileyo

Ngaphandle phantse zonke izibizo kwakucingwa ukuba udidi okanye impahla, okanye ubuso.

Ukuze igama intsapho lushwankathelwe izinto bomzi okanye ngeziganeko, enokuthi kwahluka enye kwenye kwezinye iinkalo, kodwa iya kubizwa ngokuba ilizwi. Umzekelo, isibizo "yokudlala" - a izibizo aqhelekileyo, kodwa ushwankathela amagama ezinto ezahlukeneyo: iimoto, oonodoli, amabhere teddy kunye nezinye izinto kweli qela. Ngolwimi Russian, njengoko ezininzi ezinye izibizo eziqhelekileyo basoloko ebhalwe ngoonobumba ezincinane.
izibizo kwezibizo - amagama abantu ukuba ume ngaphandle yezinto, iindawo okanye abantu. Ngokomzekelo, igama elithi "unodoli" - a izibizo eziqhelekileyo, baqambe udidi zokudlala, kodwa igama lophawu ethandwayo "Barbie" ngonodoli igama elifanelekileyo. Onke amagama ezifanelekileyo sibhalwe ingqukuva.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba izibizo eziqhelekileyo, ngokungafaniyo yabo, athwale intsingiselo ethile lungelelanisa. Ngokomzekelo, xa bathi "doll", kuye kucace ukuba into yokudlala, kodwa xa kuthiwa igama "uMariya" ingajongwanga imeko kwizibizo eqhelekileyo akucacanga ngubani okanye yintoni na - intombazana, unodoli, igama lophawu, iinwele okanye itshokolethi.

ethnonyms

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe ngentla apha, kukho izibizo kunye izibizo eziqhelekileyo. Ngeelwimi, izazinzulu ziye okwangoku anikangeni kwisivumelwano malunga nomba unxibelelwano phakathi iindawo ezimbini. Gcobisa 2 Jonga lo mbuzo: ngokutsho kwenye, phakathi izibizo kunye nezibizo ezizezabo abe ungumqobo ecacileyo eqhelekileyo; kwelinye, umgca lahlule phakathi kwezi khupha akukho ngokupheleleyo ngenxa izibizo utshintsho qho bit omnye komnye. Ngoko ke, zibizwa ngokuba kukho amazwi 'intermediate "ezingezozethu yabo, okanye yesibizo yekhaya, kodwa abe iimpawu zombini iindidi. Ezi izibizo ke ethnonyms - amagama athetha amagama izizwe, iintlanga, izizwe, kunye nezinye izinto ezifanayo.

izibizo Common izibizo imizekelo kunye neentlobo

Xa isigama ulwimi Russian izibizo zixhaphakileyo. Bonke na kubo zohlulwa ngokwendidi ezine.

1. ngqo - emele izinto okanye iziganeko ukuba nakubalwa (abantu, iintaka kunye nezilwanyana, iintyatyambo). Umzekelo, "abadala", "umntwana", "Blackbird," "Shark", "ash", "nemisonto". izibizo ezithile eziqhelekileyo phantse lonke isininzi kunye zesinye ngokudibanisa Amanani lobuninzi "omdala - abadala ababini", "omnye nemisonto -. ntyatyambo ezintlanu"

2. Abstract - bamele amagama, iimvakalelo, izinto engenakubalwa, "uthando", "zempilo", "ubuchule". Amaninzi olu hlobo izibizo ezisetyenziswayo eziqhelekilyo kuphela isinye. Ukuba ngenxa yezizathu okanye omnye isibizo olu hlobo luye lwaba isininzi ( "ukoyika - ukoyika"), ithe Ngokwengcamango abstract.

3. Material - ukubonisa izinto yohlobo olunye kumafa ukuba akukho izinto ezahlukeneyo: imichiza (mercury), ukutya (umango), iziyobisi (Citramonum) kunye nezinye izinto ezifanayo. izibizo Real musa Azifumaneki-akhawunti, kodwa kulinganiswa (iikhilogram pasta) kufuneka. olu hlobo izibizo aqhelekileyo amagama enye ifomu kuphela nokuba ezininzi okanye elinye: "umoya" - nenombolo eyodwa, i "cream" - isininzi.

4. Collective - sisibizo, ithetha zizo zonke izinto ezifanayo okanye abantu, njengoko enye, ebumbene, "abazalwana", "ubuntu". Izibizo yale hlobo ayikwazi ukuba le ngxelo kwaye zisetyenziswa kuphela isinye. Kodwa nabo ungasebenzisa igama elithi "omncinane", "ngaphezulu", "ezincinane" kwaye ezifana: a rebyatni iqashiso njengoko nomkhosi kunye nabanye.

izibizo: imizekelo yeentlobo

Kuxhomekeka ixabiso lungelelanisa yabelwe ezi ntlobo amagama kwezibizo: 1. Anthroponyms - amagama, lezibizo, lweziqhulo kunye lweziqhulo zabantu: Vasileva anastasiya, Zhorzh Sand.
2. theonyms - amagama kunye namagama woothixo: kaZeyus, Buddha.
3. Amagama kwezilwanyana - iifani kunye lweziqhulo izilwanyana: Mongrel inja, ikati Marie.
4. Zonke iintlobo zamagama - amagama indawo, imizi (Volgograd), amadama (izimvu), isitalato (Pushkin), njalo-njalo.
5. Aeronautonimy - igama ezahlukeneyo isithuba kwaye moya: i isiphekepheke "Vostok", isikhululo inter-Orbital "Mir".
6. Amagama imisebenzi yobugcisa, iincwadi, imifanekiso eshukumayo, iinkqubo zikamabonwakude, "Mona Lisa", "Ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye Ukohlwaya", "nkqo", "inqwaba".
7. Amagama imibutho, iiwebhusayithi, brand, "Oxford", "Vkontakte", "Milavitsa".
8. Amagama zamaqela kunye nezinye iziganeko kwezentlalo: Christmas, Usuku Independence.
9. Amagama ngezenzeko zendalo ezizodwa: Isichotho Isabel.
10. Amagama izakhiwo ezizodwa kunye nezibonelelo: cinema "Rodina", zemidlalo "Olimpiki".

Ukutshintshelwa ubunini izibizo eziqhelekileyo and vice versa

Ekubeni ulwimi ayikho into abstract kwaye rhoqo ukuba baphenjelelwa zombini iimeko zangaphandle nangaphakathi, amagama etshintsha rhoqo bit zabo: ipropati ludlulele izibizo eziqhelekileyo kunye nezibizo eziqhelekileyo kuba impahla lwezibizo. Imizekelo yalo eziqhelekileyo. phenomenon "iqabaka" Ngoko bendalo - ukusuka noun eqhelekileyo yaba yesibizo efanelekileyo, igama Frost. Inkqubo uhambisa igama indlu kokubizwa onimizatsiey zabo.

Ngelo xesha linye igama yamachiza odumileyo German UWilhelm Roentgen kuqala wafumanisa-X-reyi, elide iye egameni kophando nantoni kunye noluntu lwabo radiation "X-ray" nsuku intetho ulwimi Russian. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba apellyativatsiey kunye namagama - eponyms.

Indlela yokwahlukanisa

Ukongeza umahluko lwesemantiki, kukho kwakhona yohlelo, singavumeli umahluko ocacileyo phakathi izibizo kunye nezibizo eziqhelekileyo zakhe. ulwimi Russian kule nkalo kakhulu aluncedo. Ndiyenza izibizo eziqhelekileyo, ngokungafaniyo yabo, njengokuba umthetho, isiphathele imilo kunye nenombolo isininzi esisodwa: ". Igcisa - amagcisa"

Kwangaxeshanye, omnye udidi phantse lonke isetyenziswa kuphela isinye: uPicasso - igama womzobi, inombolo ekhethekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimeko, xa kunokwenzeka ukuba ukusebenzisa izibizo nesininzi yakhe. Imizekelo yalo kwisihloko, ukusetyenziswa ekuqaleni kule yesininzi: kwilali Great Boars. Kulo mzekelo, izibizo okwakhe, badla, ndayihluthwa isinye: zeCarpath iintaba.
Ngamanye amaxesha amagama ungasetyenziswa isininzi, ukuba atyumbe abantu ezahlukeneyo okanye iziganeko, kodwa amagama afanayo. Umzekelo: Xa iklasi yethu ezintathu Xenia.

Njani na ukupela

Ukuba ngokubhala izibizo Izibizo eqhelekileyo ilula; nanzo zibhaliwe ezincwadini ezincinane, kwaye ezinye kufuneka balandele imithetho eqhelekileyo ulwimi Russian, esinye isigaba, kukho ezinye bokuqonda ukuba kufuneka bazi ukuze abhale kakuhle izibizo zabo. Imizekelo yokubhala ihlwempu basoloko zingafunyanwa kuphela kwi eziphathwayo besikolo nankathalo, kodwa amaxwebhu abadala kunye nabantu nangokuhloniphekileyo.

Ukuze anqande eso iimpazamo kufuneka bafunde imithetho embalwa elula:

1. amagama Zonke efanelekileyo, ngaphandle kokukhetha, nâzo kunye ingqukuva, ingakumbi xa kufikwa lweziqhulo zamaqhawe edume: Richard i Lionheart. Ukuba igama, ifani okanye indawo igama iquka izibizo ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu, kungakhathaliseki nokuba zibhaliwe ngokwahlukeneyo okanye hyphenated, ngalinye kula magama kufuneka iqale ngonobumba omkhulu. Umzekelo umdla igama lesiqhulo umguvela ephambili lo amaqhawe Harry Potter - Voldemort. Besoyika ukuba abizwe ngegama lakhe, amaqhawe iwizard yobubi ebizwa ngokuba "Lowo Ngubani na ukubizwa." Kule meko, onke amagama amane zibhalelwe oonobumba abakhulu, ngenxa yokuba igama lesiqhulo zomlinganiswa.

2. Ukuba igama okanye igama iqulethe amanqaku, amasuntswana kunye nezinye amasuntswana neentetho zaseburhulumenteni, nanzo zibhaliwe oonobumba abancinane: Albrecht von Graefe, uLeonardo da Vinci, kodwa Leonardo DiCaprio. Xa esinye isithuba, umzekelo 'di "ibhalwe ngonobumba omkhulu, njengokuba kulwimi lwantlandlolo kubhaliwe kwathiwa kunye negama Leonardo Dicaprio likaThixo. Lo mgaqo uyasebenza amagama amaninzi efanelekileyo asemzini. Amagama zasempuma zibonisa ubume bentlalo amasuntswana "hit", "Suhl", "Zadeh", "Pasha", nezinto ezinjengezo, kungakhathaliseki embindini ilizwi, baba ekupheleni okanye ebhalwe ngoonobumba ezincinane. Lo mgaqo mnye uya kusetyenziswa upelo lwamagama olufanelekileyo amasuntswana kwezinye iilwimi. "Imvelaphi" isiJamani "zu", "auf"; Spanish "de"; Dutch "van", "maziyo"; French "des", "du", "de la".

3. zibekwe ekuqaleni amagama amasuntswana imvelaphi langaphandle "San", "kwiNgcwele", "kwiNgcwele", "Ben" ezibhaliweyo kunye eyinkunzi kunye iqhagamshela (Saint Zhemenei); emva malunga wawungenakuzisola isimeli kunye unobumba olandelayo - isihloko (O. Henry). A inxalenye "olubanzi" kufuneka hyphens jika ebhaliweyo, kodwa kubhaliwe kunye ngenxa kufuphi umbhalo wokuqala: McKinley, kodwa McLain.

Akuba ukulwa nale mxholo kanye ngendlela elula (iintlobo ntoni lesibizo esiyintloko of izibizo kunye nemizekelo), kanye nokuba sonke singakwazi azikhulule usileyo, kodwa iimpazamo zopelo kakhulu zingambi kunye nemfuneko rhoqo khangela kwi isichazi-magama ukuze uzihlole.