Uhlobo lwezilwanyana ngobugcisa obuhle. Imifanekiso yabaculi abadumileyo

Uhlobo lwezilwanyana kwizinto zobugcisa ezibonakalayo, mhlawumbi, indala kakhulu kwimbali. Ookhokho bethu ezindongeni zamabhoba abo ngamatye abukhali baqhekeze imifanekiso eqingqiweyo yezilwanyana. Ubungqina bokuba nguMgede waseLascaux eFransi.

Kwiminyaka emininzi idlulile ukususela apho. Ukudweba, ukudweba kunye nokubunjwa kufumene imbali ecebileyo, kwaye uhlobo lwezilwanyana - imifanekiso yabaculi abadumiweyo kweso sibungqina-sele luthandwa kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, nangona kuvela izinto ezintsha zomfanekiso, ezifana nabantu, izakhiwo, izakhiwo kunye nokunye okuninzi, izilwanyana azizange ziyeke ukufunwa phakathi kwabaculi kunye nabathandi bezobugcisa.

Uhlobo lwezilwanyana kwizinto ezibonakalayo zobugcisa: imizobo ebonisa umhlaba wezilwanyana

Ubulwanyana ngumfanekiso wezilwanyana kwizinto zobugcisa. Olu hlobo alukhawulelwanga ekudwebeni nasekudwebeni, kodwa lisetyenziswe ngokusetyenziswa kwamanye ubugcisa. Abaculi abaninzi kunye nabagxeki bajonga ukuba izilwanyana ziyinxalenye ephezulu emhlabeni jikelele, njengoko imifanekiso yezilwanyana ibonakala ngabantu bezo zonke iindawo kunye neenkcubeko.

Imifanekiso yezilwanyana nayo iyimpawu yemisebenzi yobugcisa eyenziwe kwenye uhlobo. Ngokomzekelo, umzobo odumile kaTshishkin othi "Ekuseni kwihlathi lePine". USshkinkin - owona mkhulu wabantu beentsika zembali kwimbali yobugcisa baseRashiya, kunye ne "Morning in the Pine Forest", ngokungathandabuzekiyo, iindawo ezibonakalayo, kodwa kunye neemeko zesimo sezilwanyana. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba uSshkin akazange abhale iibhere zakhe ezidumileyo, zenziwa ngumdwebi wezilwanyana uKonstantin Savitsky.

Lo mkhuba wawuthandwa kakhulu phakathi kwezilwanyana. Ngokomzekelo, uFrans Snyders - omnye wabaculi abadumileyo beentlobo zezilwanyana - abavame ukupenda izilwanyana kwimifanekiso ye-Rubens. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba akubona bonke abaculi, nangona badumileyo, abanokujamelana nomfanekiso wezilwanyana neentaka.

Imbali yeentlobo zezilwanyana

Umfanekiselo wezilwanyana yiyona ndlela yamandulo yezobugcisa, inzondelelo engazange ifumaneke kuze kube yilapho i-Renaissance kunye nendawo yokugxininisa kwindoda eneengcinga zeklasi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ngexesha leklasi, izilwanyana zazibonakaliswa kwiifestile, imizobo kunye neefrescoes eziqhelekileyo.

Okhokho bethu bokuqala, ukukhangela izindonga zamatye ezindawo zokuhlala ezigubhayo iimpawu zezo zilwanyana abazingelayo, kunye nabo babalekele, bafuna ukulungelelanisa ubomi kunye nokusingqongileyo, ukuzalisa inzala, bahlonele indalo. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba imifanekiso yesilwanyana yayivame ukubonakaliswa kwiinkcukacha ezininzi kunabantu abazingeli-abantu. Olu hlobo lwesilwanyana lubizwa ngokuba yizilwanyana.

Kamva, kwinkcubeko yamandulo yaseYiputa, iMesopotamiya, eIndiya nakweminye imimandla, yayidume ukubonakalisa oothixo ngendlela yezilwanyana okanye ukubeka imfuyo ngokwayo. Ngaloo ndlela, imifanekiso yezilwanyana yafunyanwa kwizinto zonqulo, izindonga zamangcwaba kunye neengubo.

Okumangalisayo kukuba, uhlobo lwezilwanyana kwimiboniso yezobuqhetseba lwaqala ukuthatha izinto ezikhoyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo ngexesha lokuhlaziywa kweNkwenkwezi - ngexesha apho ukupenda kwakukho kakhulu inkolo. Nangona kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ezininzi iintlobo zenzeke ngenxa yoKuvuselela.

Uhlobo lwezilwanyana: abaculi

Abameli bokuqala bohlobo lwezilwanyana kwezobugcisa ngumculi waseTshayina u-Yuanji (ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-11), odumileyo ngomfanekiso weenkwenkwezi, kunye noMlawuli waseTshayina Xuande waseMing Dynasty (phakathi kwe-XV), owatyelela iinkawu kunye nezinja njengento yokuzilibazisa.

Kwi-Renaissance yaseYurophu, uhlobo lwezilwanyana lwalusungulwa ngumnye wabameli abakhulu be-Renaissance Northern, u-Albrecht Durer. Ngethuba abantu bexesha lakhe babhala izifundo zonqulo, uDure wayefunda ngokucokisekileyo izilwanyana kunye nezilwanyana; Iimvumba zakhe, imidwebo kunye neelgragraphs kubonisa ukuba enye yeentsika zobugcisa be-Renaissance yayinomdla kwizityalo zezilwanyana. Imizobo yabadwebi abadumiweyo belo xesha babengaqhelekanga ukusuka kwimimiselo eyamkelekileyo yokupenda, kodwa nakwiindawo zokukhutshwa kukaLeonardo noRafael, nangona kunjalo, zibonakala zizilwanyana kunye neentaka.

Umdwebi wezilwanyana obalaseleyo kunye odumileyo ngumdwebi waseBaroque uFranans Snyders. Wayedume ngokugqithiseleyo ngenxa yobomi bakhe bodwa kunye neendlela zokuzingela.

Izilwanyana kwipeyinti

Ngethuba loKuvuselela, iBaroque, Classicism, i-Romanticism kunye neendlela zokugqibela, izilwanyana zazingekaze zibe yinto engaphethekiyo, kodwa yinto eyaziwayo. Nangona kunjalo, abaculi bezilwanyana abanekhono abanokukwazi ukugcina ubomi obuhle ngokusebenzisana nabanye abaculi, njengoFranans Snyders.

AmaKristu angcwele kunye ne-bourgeoisie, ikakhulukazi eNgilani, wayala imifanekiso yeehashe ezihamba phambili kwiintlanga okanye ezifuywayo. Kwiimpawu ezininzi zexesha elifanayo leBaroque kwakukho abantu abanezilwanyana ezifuywayo. Kwimifanekiso yezempi kwakudingeka ukuba ibonise iinkokeli ngehashe. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abaninzi abahloniphekileyo bakhetha ukubonakaliswa kwimizobo kwi-saddle. Uhlobo lwezilwanyana kwi-peyinti lwaba nolwazi oludumileyo phakathi kwendawo yokuhlala, ngokukodwa ngokubhekiselele kwimifanekiso yokuzingela kunye nomdlalo obanjwe.

Uhlobo lwezilwanyana ezibonakalayo

Imifanekiso yezilwanyana ngokubunjwa ithandwa kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele. Ukusuka kwindoda yaseCapitol kunye neNgqungquthela yaseBraunschweig kwiBronze Horseman kunye neBerber Bear, imifanekiso yezilwanyana isoloko ibe yimiqondiso yezixeko kunye neziganeko zembali.

Ngokukodwa phakathi kwezilwanyana zeemfuyo kukho umculi ongumFrentshi uAntoine-Louis Bari, owadala ngexesha lamaRoma. Imifanekiso yakhe ibonisa umdlalo wothando kunye namandla. Kodwa, uBri, wayengumdwebi onetalente ongaqhelekanga oye wafunda i-anatomy ne-plastiki yezilwanyana ngokubanzi. Ngokutsho kwakhe, umfanekiso wesilwanyana ukunyuka ufuna ukubonwa okukhethekileyo, kuba enye isisu ayaneleyo apha. Isilwanyana ngasinye sinesiplastiki, ukunyakaza kunye nemikhwa ephawulekayo, ekufuneka ibanjwe, ukuze umfanekiso ungokwemvelo.

Ezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana

Uhlobo lwezilwanyana kwizilwanyana ezibonakalayo aluzange lugqithise isithombe. Namhlanje, abaninzi abalandeli bezithombe kunye nabalandeli abanetalente banakekele ubuhle bemvelo namandla ozilwanyana. Oku kuyinyani ngokukodwa kwimvelaphi yeengxaki zendalo kunye nomnqweno wabantu abaninzi kunye nemibutho yokubakhokela ingqalelo kunye nokukhusela iintlekele ezinokuthi zisisongela ngeentlobo ezintle nezibukeka zezilwanyana ezifana ne-Amur tiger, ingwe yaseMpumalanga Ekude, ipanda, i-koala kunye ne-gorilla yasentshonalanga.