Perm Krai izizwe: izithethe, inkcubeko kunye namasiko ezizwe

Ukutyhubela imbali yommandla Perm kwaba ngeentlanga. Namhlanje ulikhaya kumaqela 125 uhlanga ezahlukeneyo. Yintoni abantu abahla- Perm? Enye yazo zemveli ukuya kummandla?

Perm

Ngokusebenzisa kummandla umda phakathi eYurophu Asia. A indawo enkulu kubekwe esesiphelweni ngasempumalanga inxalenye yaseYurophu eRashiya. Emantla nayo ngomda kunye Republic of Komi, Bashkortostan - emazantsi, ummandla Sverdlovsk - empumalanga kwaye kumntla-ntshona na ummandla laseKirov.

imfundo Modern - Perm - wasekwa ngo-2005 emva kokuba ubunye mmandla Perm and District Ukuzilawula Komi-Perm. Eli ziko okuphatha ngumzi Perm. Intsimi yalo mmandla kuhlale abantu kudala lolawulo Paleolithic. Uphuhliso Active of Russian waqalisa malunga kwinkulungwane XVI nagaphezulu ngenkulungwane XVII, emva kokufunyanwa sobhedu kunye negolide.

Kwizizwe zeli kummandla Perm kunye nezithethe zabo zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Kwindawo ezikwere zeekhilomitha 160, inani nama-125 kwiintlanga. Inani lilonke labemi - i-2.6 million abantu. Inani labemi ezidolophini ibe phezu lali, oko 75%.

Yintoni abantu abahla- Perm?

amaqela eentlanga ezininzi kunye nabantu abahlala kuloo mmandla. Kwezi, owokuqala, yenene kule ndawo asixhenxe kuphela. Iilwimi yezizwe bommandla Perm baninzi. Kula maqela yemveli yobuhlanga yahlulwe Finno-Ugric, Slavonic (Russian), eTurkey.

Inani labemi ephambili imelwe Russian (2.1 million). I-Tatar alandelayo lwamanani (115 amawaka.) Komi Permiaks (th 80.), Bashkirs (th-30.), Udmurts (th 20.) Yaye Ukrainian (16 th.). Bungaphezu kweekhilogram ezingamawaka amane abantu Belarusians, amaJamani, Chuvash kunye Mari. Ezinye iintlanga Perm edge thaca kule wegcuntswana. Phakathi kwabo Armenia, Azerbaijani, Turks, Ingush, Komi-yazvintsy, Mordvinians, Gypsies, Moldavians, Mansi, Korea, IsiTshayina, Georgians, Chechens nabanye.

Abantu bomthonyama Perm edge lizisa amaqela ezintathu eziphambili: Finno-Ugric, Turk kunye Slavic. Kweli thuba ukusuka XV ukuba XVI ekhulu efikelela kuyo Kama ahlala lusungulo Komi-Perm. Emazantsi kulo mmandla wawuhlala Bashkirs kunye nangezinto. On masimu nayo ekhaya Udmurt, Mansi kunye Mari. labantu Russian eye yenzeka apha kwinkulungwane XVI, kungekudala waba evelele.

Mari

Igama abantu bale ngingqi Perm inokuba nomahluko ngeelwimi ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, ezibizwa ngokuba Mari Mara ngokwayo okanye imazi yehashe. Olu hlanga fanele ku Finno-Ugric uhlanga. Bona zibekwe kwindawo phakathi iVolga ne Vetluga. Inkoliso yabo kuphila Russian Republic of Mari El, kwakunye kummandla iVolga kunye Urals.

qho yemvelaphi ukuba udidi suburalskomu, kunye iimpawu ucaca ngakumbi uhlanga Mongoloid. Ngobuzwe abunjwa emva kwenkulungwane. N. e. inkcubeko yabo indlela yobomi ukuba ziyafana kakhulu ukuya Chuvash. Abantu iqulathe amaqela amane zobuhlanga kweli phondo bahlala ikakhulu Kungurskye Mari.

Inxalenye abantu bayamkela Orthodox, nangona nkolo iphambili unqulo lwesithethe. Kulo mzekelo, kuba intsomi ethandwayo, kudityaniswe sihamba. Mari ubuqaba isekelwe phezu unqulo amandla endalo, umthandazo leyo ethatha indawo ooAshera ezingcwele (kwi coude zokwakha isiko).

isinxibo Folk thaca ihempe, ingubo, umsebenzi oyimfakamfele, iibhulukhwe kunye caftan, ebhinqe umbhinqo phezulu okanye itawuli. Abafazi babenxiba izinto ezenziwe iinkozo, amaqokobhe, amaso. Hat i ngetawuli hu - Sharpan, amane okanye cap etsobhileyo. Amadoda ayenxiba iminqwazi kunye brims.

Udmurt

labantu Autochthonous ye Kama kunye Urals - Udmurtia. Ekuso Finno-Ugric izizwe, kwakunye nezinye ezinye izizwe Perm Krai. Kufutshane naye Komi-Permyak kunye Komi izizwe, nangona ubomi kunye nenkcubeko baphenjelelwa ngamandla zizithethe Russian kunye Tatar. Uninzi bangamaKristu Orthodox, kodwa kukho izinto iinkolelo intsomi iye yagcinwa ezilalini.

Udmurt ngokwemveli abathatha inxaxheba kwezolimo (ingqolowa, iitapile) kunye neenkomo engazali lokuzingela ndibano, ukufuywa ukuloba. Babehlala uluntu ekufutshane, apho wayehlala iintsapho ezininzi kwindawo enye. Ethatha inxaxheba ezimfakamfele, ukunitha, Ukuchwela, ukwaluka kunye ukusontwa.

zokwakha isiko (Kuala) ngenxa omthandazo, ezifana Mari, emahlathini. Indlu lezonka kunye kwibhoyila imisiwe, silala ingowokulala ze kwikona obomvu (itheyibhile nosihlalo) ukuba intloko-ntsapho. yesinxibo Women ngokuba namajoni angama-ihempe, ingubo, zalungisa kunye velvet ebhatyini kunye esinqeni. Ukuba azihombise iinkozo, namakhonkco, amaso. Amadoda enxibe ibhulukhwe emfutshane enemizila, blouses, iminqwazi eziluhlaza namhlophe felted.

Komi-Permyak

bantu bazibiza abameli Komi Komi Mort okanye osula. Bahlala ubukhulu becala kummandla elalisakuba Komi District Permian. Lingcwaba lomfo iqela Finno-Ugric. Ulwimi nezithethe babe ukufana kakhulu ukuya Komi izizwe. Uncwadi ngolwimi lwabantu phantse namnye.

Nomsebenzi ephambili Komi-Perm yaba ezolimo, izilwanyana, ukuzingela, ukuloba, ukwaluka, ngodongwe, ukujikeleza. Okwangoku, ibe ziinkuni processing kunye nezolimo. Kanye iintlanga ezininzi kummandla Perm kunye Komi-Permian baba nabahedeni, kodwa uninzi ugqunywe ubuKristu. Ngubani na ukuzama ukuvuselela iinkolelo abanam.

impahla Traditional ekuqaleni imibala blue and black, yaye kamva kwakukho nezinye imibala, naphezu ihempe Yongeza Picture "iseli". ngubo Women ngokuba namajoni angama-ihempe ingubo yangaphantsi, phezu kwawo sundress kunxitywe. Ngamanye amaxesha sundress ifaskoti kunxitywe. Iminqwazi - corbel Iingqameko, ezihonjiswe oyimfakamfele kunye izivatho. Amadoda ayenxiba ihempe ingubo esilukiweyo, belted nombhinqo kunye nebrukhwe. Ezinyaweni zakhe iikati pogaleshki neembadada.

Muncie

Uhlanga ibhekisela Mansi Ugric izizwe. ERashiya, abameli babantu kancinane. Inani labemi ephambili uhlala kwi Khanty-Mansiysk ஜோடி isilungelelanisi. Kunjalo Mansi ngabantu bomthonyama kummandla Perm. Kwingingqi apho abantu nje abambalwa (ukuya kwi-40), abahlala Vishera Reserve.

Yobuhlanga iqela eziyinzalelwane ulwimi Mansi kunxulumene kwiqela OB-Ugric. Amasiko, eyona olusondeleyo Mansi kunye Khanty Hungarians. Iinkolelo, kunye Orthodox, walondoloza abantu kwiintsomi kunye nemimoya. Muncie bakholelwa emimoyeni umlondolozi.

Phakathi imisebenzi zemveli - adle ngokufuya, ukuloba, ukuzingela, ezolimo kunye izilwanyana. Housing wakha ngamaxesha athile onyaka. isidumbu Winter babehlala kwizindlu okanye kooronta ngokohlobo Russian ihlobo ezintenteni ngokwemilo etsobhileyo ezenziwe ezinde amaxolo. Iziko Vula ezenziwe izibonda wakhonza zokufudumeza kunye nomthombo ukukhanya. A phawu uphawu le Mansi kukuba akazange asebenzise amakhowa, kuquka ikhaya labo nakoomoya abakhohlakeleyo.

isuti Female emelwe ingubo ujingi okanye ilaphu satin kunye yokunxiba. Ndinxibe isikhafu kunye eninzi ubucwebe. La madoda iihempe nebrukhwe; izambatho ngokuqhelekileyo kukho ukwesona ngelaphu.

nangezinto

AmaTatar angabantu eTurkey. Kwaye ezisasazwa kwi kummandla Russia (sesibini inani labantu). Zihlala kummandla Kama, Urals, kummandla iVolga, kwiMpuma Ekude kunye eSiberia. Kwingingqi Perm AmaTatar zikhona phantse zonke iindawo.

Tatar ulwimi fanele intsapho basiphakela. Uninzi lwabantu bobabo i Cartoon amaSilamsi, nangona kukho amaKristu Orthodox akekho. I Kama AmaTatar wasebenza ngokusondeleyo Bashkirs, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni nempembelelo efanayo kwezinye iinkcubeko ngalinye.

yesinxibo National yahlukile kwi nangezinto ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ezona mpawu ziphambili zale costume imazi - elide bhulukhwe ihempe-isinxibo. Top waba faka ifaskoti ezimfakamfele, iilokhwe wawusithiwa outerwear. Xa intloko enxibe nonkontsho, isikhafu okanye umnqwazi kalfak. Amadoda ayenxiba umnqwazi kwakungcono phezu skullcaps. Jewelry for abafazi ngensimbi.

Bashkirs

Elinye iqela labantu eTurkey - it Bashkirs. Inani labemi ephambili ohlala kwiRiphabliki Bashkortostan. Ulwimi kazwelonke Bashkir. Kanye Tatar, kokwabo usapho basiphakela. Abameli zabantu - amaSilamsi aba Cartoon.

Bashkirs zezona zikufuphi lohlanga abantu, nangona nabo bathatha inxaxheba ethnogenesis ye Iran kunye nezizwe Finno-Ugric. Abantu wayephila ubomi semi-ephila, ukuzibandakanya lulimo izilwanyana. Ngelo xesha ke eganiweyo ekulobeni, ukuzingela, apiculture, ezolimo, evuna. Phakathi yezandla babezalukela, ukuveliswa zokwaleka ezikrelekrele kunye iikhaphethi. Bashkirs abawazi izacholo kunye kwesinyithi.

isinxibo Folk wawufaka lwegusha. Abasetyhini kunye namadoda babenxiba ibhulukwe inyathelo ngokubanzi. Top nxiba ilokhwe (ezahlukeneyo kwabasetyhini kunye namadoda). Kwakhona enxibe polukaftan yokwaleka, kamzul. Okwangoku kukho ezininzi iingubo oyimfakamfele womluki, applique. Ngesigqubuthelo sentloko owahlukileyo ukusuka ikepusi, iitawuli CAPS-ushanok. Zonke iipateni zodidi nezimfakamfele. Amadoda enxibe skullcap, yaye waziva neminqwazi.

isiphelo

Kwizizwe zeli kummandla Perm kunye nezithethe zabo zahlukile kakhulu enye kwenye. Ummandla belusoloko luphawulwa ngeentlanga, isizwe esibumbeneyo emideni yawo ayizange ulandelwe. Ngaphambili, ezinye izizwe ayehlala ukusuka kwindawo enye ukuya kwenye ekhangela iimeko ezithandwa kakhulu ebomini.

Ngenkulungwane XV, izizwe ezininzi ahlala kummandla Perm, kwaye ogama izinyanya Wayila iintlanga mmandla Perm. Inkcubeko kunye ezizwe aba bantu abazange babe lilodwa, kodwa olugunyazisa ephembelela omnye. Umzekelo, Udmurt ilifa iimpawu yenkcubeko AmaTatar nxamnye AmaTatar, ke, wonakalisa Bashkirs.

Impembelelo inkulu kwi nenkcubeko yabantu aba Russian osele kwinkulungwane XVII, kakhulu namandla ngamanani. Ngoku ke impahla yemveli yokuphila ukuxhasa ababuthathaka. Ngokukodwa, abameli ziya ingqalelo kunqulo, nangona abaninzi christianised. Ngolimi isoloko isetyenziswa owesibini, njengoko lokuqala - Russian.