Biography Dalya Vladimira Ivanovicha: izibakala umdla iifoto

Vladimir Ivanovich Dal, ogama engobomi ziza kuchazwa kweli nqaku, eli umphengululi Russian kunye nombhali. Kwakukho esihambelanayo ilungu Physics and Mathematics ISebe i-St Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Wayengomnye wabaseki-12 Society Geographical Russian. Ndandisazi iilwimi ezili-12, kuquka eliqela eTurkey. Waziwa kakhulu wazisa ekuhlanganiseni "acacisayo Dictionary of Language Russian".

usapho

Vladimir Dal, ogama engobomi yaziwa kakuhle kubo bonke abalandeli umsebenzi wakhe, wazalwa ngo-1801 kwindawo ngoku Lugansk (Ukraine).

Uyise wakhe Dane kunye negama Russian uIvan wathabatha kunye ngabemi Russian ngo-1799. Ivan Matveevich Dal wayesazi isiFrentshi, isiGrike, IsiNgesi, Yiddish, isiHebhere, isiLatin, kunye nesiJamani, wayengugqirha wezakwalizwi. ubuchule kwakhe iilwimi baba phezulu kangangokuba wamenywa uCatherine II Vinogradov eSt Petersburg ukusebenza kwithala leencwadi enkundleni. Kamva, waya Jena ukufunda ukuba ngugqirha, ngoko ke wabuyela eRashiya lafumana mvume zonyango.

E St. Petersburg Vinogradov watshata uMariya Freitag. Bona ke abafana 4:

• Vladimir (b. 1801).
• UKarl (b. 1802). Bonke ubomi bakhe, wakhonza kwi Navy, kungekho bantwana. Wangcwatywa Nikolaev (Ukraine).
• UPawulos (b. 1805). Abagulayo kunye nesifo sephepha, ngenxa yempilo enkenenkene lokuphila nomama wakhe eItali. Yena wayengafumani bantwana. Wafa abatsha waza wangcwatyelwa eRoma.
• Leo (unyaka wokuzalwa ayaziwa). Wabulawa vukela Polish.

Maria Dahl wayesazi iilwimi-5. Umama wakhe, owazalwa engowomlibo yosapho endala French Huguenot yaye bafunda iincwadi Russian. Kakhulu ivame iguqulelwe Russian imisebenzi A. V. Ifflanda kunye S. Gessner. Uyisemkhulu Marii Dal - pawnshop esemthethweni, njengomvavanyi Collegiate. Enyanisweni, nguye lanyanzela utata umbhali elizayo ukufumana kwezonyango, ucinga ukuba enye inzuzo.

Learning

imfundo Primary Vladimir Dal, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu elifutshane na iincwadi zezifundo zoncwadi, ekhaya. Abazali ukususela ebuntwaneni olwabethelelwa kuye uthando lokufunda.

Kwiminyaka 13, Vladimir, kunye umninawa wakhe omncinane wangena St. Petersburg yeCadet lweSizwe. Apho bafundiswa iminyaka emi-5. Ngowe-1819, Ingqumbo yeminyanya waphumelela abakwizikhundla midshipman. Ethetha zokufunda nkonzo Navy, wabhala engama-20 kamva kweli bali "Ensign imfudumalo, amandla omkhulu, okanye ukhangele emva."

Emva bakhonza Navy de 1826, uVladimir wangena Medical Faculty of the University of Dorpat. Kaloku wayephila ngokubanika izifundo ngolwimi Russian. Ngenxa yokunqongophala kwemali, uza kuphila kwi kwigunjana elisezantsi kophahla. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, Dalia ababhalise abafundi kazonnokoshtnye. Njengoko wabhala enye biographers bakhe, "Wayesikhuthalele Vladimir kwizifundo zakhe." Ngokukodwa, wacinezela kulwimi Latin. Kwaye ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe kwintanda-bulumko wakhe wada wawongwa imbasa yesilivere.

Ukuze kumiswe izifundo bakhe kunye ekuqaleni imfazwe Russian-Turkish ngo-1828. Ummandla Transdanubian kumatyala zesifo isibetho anda, kunye nokomelezwa inkonzo yonyango umkhosi olufunekayo. Vladimir Dal, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu elifutshane eyaziwa kwesa ngababhali bamanye amazwe, ngaphambi kwexesha abaphumelele iimviwo ukuba ngugqirha. ithisisi yakhe osihloko sithi "On iindlela ngempumelelo craniotomy kunye zizilonda ofihlakeleyo nezintso."

umsebenzi lwezempilo

Ngexesha iimfazwe Polish kunye nenkampani Russian-Turkish Vladimir wazibonakalisa ugqirha okuqaqambileyo yasemkhosini. Ngowe-1832, wazibandakanya njengoko umqeqeshwa kwisibhedlele St. Petersburg yaye kungekudala yaziwa kakuhle kwaye makahlonitshwe ugqirha dolophu.

PI Melnikov (yeminyanya umbhali) wabhala: "Ukuya kude kusenziwa utyando, Vladimir Ivanovich zange ashiye amayeza. Wafumana rhurha entsha - ngokokugqama kunye zamehlo ".

imisebenzi zomkhosi

Biography Dahl, isishwankathelo leyo ebonisa ukuba Vladimir sele njalo iinjongo zayo, uchaza ukuba xa wazibonakalisa ngaye wayekwangumbhali njengomphumi-mkhosi. Oku kwenzeka ngo-1831 ekudibaneni Jikelele Ridiger phesheya i Vistula River (inkampani Polish). Ingqumbo yeminyanya wanceda ekwakheni ibhulorho phezu kwayo, basophula, yaye emva kwibhulorho - kutshatyalaliswa. Kuba non-nokwenziwa kwemisebenzi zonyango ngqo Vladimir Ivanovich wafumana lokululeka evela kubaphathi bakhe. Kodwa kamva ukumkani ngokobuqu imbasa Vladimir cross elizayo ethnographer.

Amanyathelo okuqala kwiincwadi

Ingqumbo yeminyanya, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu elifutshane wayesaziwa kakuhle inzala yakhe, waqalisa umsebenzi wakhe yoncwadi kunye ngehlazo. Eloba i epigram kwi Craig - ndingumthetheli Sea Black iFleet Yuliyu Kulchinskuyu - umfazi wakhe eqhelekileyo-mthetho. Ebudeni belo Vladimir Ivanovich wabanjwa ngoSeptemba 1823 for 9 months. Emva kokuba akhululwe lentendelezo, wasuka Nikolaev ukuya Kronstadt.

Ngowe-1827 yeminyanya wapapasha umbongo wakhe wokuqala magazini "benemfundo". Kwaye ngo 1830 oko mazivulwe umbhali webali "angamaGypsy", epapashwe kwi "eMoscow Telegraph". Ngelishwa, kwinqaku elinye akunakwenzeka ukuxelela ngokweenkcukacha ngale mveliso emangalisayo. Ukuba ufuna ingcaciso engaphezulu, sikuncede le encyclopedia weendawo. Ukuphonononga yenoveli inokuba "Dal Vladimir:. A Biography" Kwakhona umbhali yabantwana Kuqulunqwe iincwadi ezininzi. Impumelelo enkulu bafumana "pervinka lokuqala" no "Pervinka nezinye."

Ukunakanwa babanjwe yesibini

Njengoko umbhali Vladimir Dal, ogama engobomi waziwa kakuhle kubo bonke abafundi, Yaduma ethi "iintsomi Russian", epapashwe ngo-1832. Umphathi Dorpat Institute wamema umfundi sakhe sangaphambili kwiSebe iincwadi Russian. Book of Vladimir kuthathwa njenge ithisisi ukuze ubugqirha-bulumko. Ngoku wonke umntu wayesazi ukuba yeminyanya - mbhali, Biography leyo eliboniswa. Kodwa bengenwe intlekele. Umsebenzi yaliwe nguMphathiswa wezeMfundo elala neli ivuke neliya. Isizathu soku ke igosa isiqalekiso Mordvinova.

Ingqumbo yeminyanya biography sichaza esi siganeko ukusukela. Ekupheleni kuka-1832, Vladimir Ivanovich wenza ukuphamba esibhedlele apho wasebenza. Abantu beza ngohlobo, wambamba waza wamsa Mordvinov. Yena wawaxabela ugqirha ngezithuko nekrwada, ephethe phambi impumlo, "iintsomi Russian", yaye umbhali bathumela entolongweni. UVladimir wanceda Zhukovsky, ngelo xesha utitshala ka-Alexander - unyana ka uNicholas I. Zhukovsky wachaza yindlalifa kwitrone konke okwenzeka, ekukhanyeni le anecdotal, ezichaza yeminyanya njengandoda othobekileyo yaye aneziphiwo, kunikezelwa iimbasa kunye nemiyalelo emkhosini. Alexander bacenga uyise ukuba engenangqondo le meko kunye Vladimir Ivanovich ukhululwe.

Ukuba abangane Pushkin

Nayiphi ngobomi epapashwe ka Ingqumbo yeminyanya iqulethe ixesha uhlola imbongi enkulu. ngokuphindaphindiweyo Zhukovsky wathembisa uVladimir eya kwazisa ukuba Pushkin. Ingqumbo yeminyanya ndandidiniwe okulinda, wazithabatha ikopi "iintsomi Russian" eziye sirhoxisiwe evela kwintengiso, zingeniswe Aleksandru Sergeevichu waya ngokwabo. Pushkin, impendulo, kakhulu, wamnika incwadi Vladimir Ivanovich - "The Tale umbingeleli kunye Workman Yakhe Balda". Baqala ngaloo ndlela ubuhlobo babo.

Ekupheleni kuka-1836, Vladimir Ivanovich wafika eSt Petersburg. Pushkin bamtyelela izihlandlo eziliqela yaye wabuza ngeziphumo kweelwimi. Imbongi weva kakhulu ukusuka igama yeminyanya "vypolzina". Kwakuthetha lwazo, nto leyo kwakhona emva ubusika iinyoka ndyoka garter. Ngexesha Kutyelelo elandelayo Alexander Dahl wabuza, esalatha ingubo yakhe: "Kulungile, ukuba vypolzina wam okulungileyo? Andikho kulo kungekudala sicaca. Ndiya kulibhala kuye ngemisebenzi yakhe "Le dyasi kwi zokucwangcisa. Ukuze ukuba kunokubangela ukubandezeleka ngokungeyomfuneko wembongi kwabangxwelerhiweyo, "vypolzinu" waba otporot. Hi ndlela leyi, lo mzekelo uchaza nkqu ngobomi abantwana yeminyanya bakhe.

Vladimir ndabandakanyeka ekunyangeni inxeba ebulalayo Alexander, nangona izalamane wembongi zange ukumema Dalia. Ukufunda ukuba wenzakele, waya kuwo yena. Pushkin waye yayibiyelwe oogqirha ezimbalwa amanene. Ngaphandle Ivana Spasskogo (ugqirha Pushkin) kunye nenkundla igqirha Nikolaya Arendta baya specialist ezintathu. Alexander Dahl ngovuyo ingathathwa ababuza wabuza, "Ndixelele ke inyaniso, ndiza kufa kungekudala," Vladimir wathi ngobungcali, "Siyathemba ukuba yonke into aya kuba kakuhle kwaye akufanele lithemba." Imbongi Ndixhawula isandla sakhe waza wambulela.

Ukuba xa ukufa Pushkin wamnika yeminyanya enemisesane yegolide yirubhi, esithi: ". Vladimir, thatha kundikhumbuza" Xa umbhali wanikina intloko yakhe, Alexander waphinda: "Thathani, umhlobo wam, mna sele umiselwe ukuba ukubhala." Kamva, Ingqumbo yeminyanya wabhala esi sipho V. Odoyevskiy "khangela njani le umsesane, ngoko nje ndifuna ukwenza into efanelekileyo." Ingqumbo yeminyanya watyelela umhlolokazi imbongi ngenjongo ukubuyisela isipho. Kodwa Natalia akazange ukukwamkela oko, esithi: "Hayi, Vladimir, ukuba lona njengesikhumbuzo. Ukanti, ndifuna ukumnika imbumbulu bamhlabileyo ingubo yakhe. " Yaba ingubo-vypolzina ochazwe ngasentla.

umshado

Ngowe-1833, Ingqumbo yeminyanya engobomi kuphawulwa isiganeko esibalulekileyo: ithathe umfazi Yuliyu Andre. Hi ndlela leyi, yena buqu wayesazi Pushkin ngokwakhe. okuvelayo zabo of nolwazi imbongi uYuliyo anikezelwe iileta E. Voronina. Vladimir nomfazi wakhe bafudukela Orenburg, apho wazalelwa oonyana ababini. Ngowe-1834, unyana, Leo, yaye emva kweminyaka-4 - intombi Julia. Xa igosa zidluliselwe yeminyanya usapho ukuphumeza imiyalelo ezikhethekileyo kwi irhuluneli VA Perovsky.

Ongumhlolokazi, uVladimir waphinda watshata ngowe-1840 ukuya n Sokolova. Wazala umbhali eentombi amathathu: Maria, Olga, Catherine. I Last wabhala iinkumbulo uyise, apapashwa lowu 'Russian iGazethi "ngo-1878.

semvelo

Ngowe-1838, ukulungiselela ukuqokelelwa kwengqokelela zezilwanyana nezityalo ye Orenburg edge yeminyanya yakhethwa esihambelanayo ilungu Academy of Sciences kwiSebe Natural Sciences.

magama achazayo

Nabani na owaziyo biography of yeminyanya, uyazi malunga nomsebenzi engundoqo umbhali - "Dictionary". Xa ziqokelelwe yaye alungiswa phambi kokuba ileta "P", Vladimir Ivanovich wayefuna ukuba umhlala-phantsi ingqalelo ngokupheleleyo umsebenzi ngumqondo wakhe. Ngowe-1859, Ingqumbo yeminyanya wafudukela eMoscow, wahlala endlwini ka-Prince Shcherbaty, owabhala i "Imbali karhulumente Russian." Kule ndlu siyazi ukuba sidlule linqanaba lokugqibela lomsebenzi isichazi-magama, apho nangoku obubalaseleyo yi umthamo.

Ingqumbo yeminyanya inomthwalo, apho luboniswe iikowuteshini ezimbini: "Abantu ulwimi eziphilayo kufuneka ibe namalungiselelo ecandelo lemali kunye nomthombo kuphuhliso intetho nokubhala Russian"; "Common iingcaciso, izifundo kunye namagama - yeyona nto akunakwenzeka, asinto zanto." Yaye umbandela nsuku lula, ngoko ke olukhohlisayo. Ingcaciso kunye Thumela ilizwi kwabanye kakhulu ngxolo nayiphi na inkcazelo. Kwaye ke mizekelo kuya kunceda ekucaciseni lo mba ngakumbi. "

Ukuze kufikelelwe kule yolwimi njongo inkulu yeminyanya, ogama engobomi na iintyilalwazi ezininzi zoncwadi, wachitha '53. Nantso into magama Kotlyarevsky wabhala wathi: "Literature, inzululwazi Russian kunye noluntu lonke ifumene ilitye lesikhumbuzo kokuzifaneleyo yobuninzi babantu bethu. umsebenzi yeminyanya uya kuba ikratshi kwizizukulwana ezizayo. "

Ngowe-1861 uhlelo lokuqala lwe-magama ye-Society Geographical Imperial, inikezelwe Vladimir Ivanovich Konstantinovsky imbasa. Ngowe-1868 wonyulwa ukuba ilungu Wawongwa Academy of Sciences. Kwaye emva kokupapashwa yonke imiqulu magama yeminyanya wafumana Prize Lomonosov.

kwiminyaka yakutshanje

Ngowe-1871, umbhali wayegula yaye bamenyelwa kulo mcimbi umbingeleli Orthodox. Ingqumbo yeminyanya wenza oku kuba wayefuna inxaxheba Orthodox rite. Oko ngaphambi kokuba atshintshelwe Orthodox ekufeni.

NgoSeptemba 1872 Vladimir Ivanovich Dal, ogama engobomi ichazwe ngasentla, ufile. Waza ke wangcwatywa nomfazi wakhe emangcwabeni Vagankovsky. Kwiminyaka emithandathu kamva apho uzibophelele emhlabeni, kunye nonyana wakhe Leo.