Ubukhulu be Earth

Umhlaba - iplanethi eyaziwayo kuphela iphela apho ubomi ikhona. iminyaka yayo kuqikelelwa malunga 3.5-4.5 billion kwiminyaka.

Eminyaka, abantu babecinga Umhlaba njenge moya ekhwele phezu kwamanqwanqwa. Kwaye i ngcamango eminyaka zikhona ngokweentlanga ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi. Noko ke, inqanawa, uhambo zomkhosi elide, amaphulo zokuthenga wanika ukutya kucamanga engqondweni imibuzo.

Kuba okokuqala emhlabeni sphere wacebisa ngabaphandi zamandulo zamaGrike. Xa BC yesi-3 (235 BC) Erastofen (nangokuma kunye ngeenkwenkwezi) ukumisela sangqa uMhlaba yi ilanga kwindawo ethile, ibekwe kufuphi nesixeko Alexandria. Esi sixeko - ziko inzululwazi kunye nenkcubeko waseYiputa yamandulo. izinto zakudala, izifundo Egyptologists mihla zibonisa ukuba sele kule nkulungwane BC 3 AmaYiputa ukuba ngumbono omhle kakhulu iphela kunye Earth.

In ngenjikalanga ehlotyeni (kwikhalenda mihla Juni 22) Erastofen ukubala engile kweziganeko kwelanga nesithunzi obelisk. Idatha wamvumela ukuba ukujonga owela ngaphakathi kwama-Yomhlaba. Xa BC ngenkulungwane yesi-2 UPtolemy wazama ukubala achazwe apha kulo mhlaba ngendlela efanayo.

Le ngeenkwenkwezi lidala evela postulates theory geocentric - zonke imizimba ezibonakalayo yasezulwini ngokujikeleza uMhlaba. KumaXesha Aphakathi (9-11 cc.) Izazinzulu Central Asia kwakhona kuqhutywa izifundo yomlinganiselo. Ziye zayihlalutya imisebenzi zabaphengululi yamandulo. ububanzi koMhlaba elalibalwa kunye izazinzulu Indiya. Ukuhlola okwenziwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba kunye neeyunithi ezahlukeneyo. Nakuba kunjalo, iziphumo izibalo parameters umhlaba wethu, ilanga, nenyanga kufutshane ngokwexabiso.

Ngenkulungwane ye-16 kwaqinisa ukuma abaxhasi heliocentric isakhiwo iphela. Ilanga - iziko apho i izijikelezi-langa zijikeleza, Umhlaba wethu iphakathi apho hayi kunazo.

Impefumlelwano umhlaba iLanga, neNyanga kunye nezinye iiplanethi iphela ayinakuphikiswa. Kuthathwa ukuba uMhlaba neNyanga kanye uyayenza njengequmrhu elinye. Kodwa ke, senze izigidi enkulu litye zeminyaka eyadlulayo, iNyanga waba umzimba eyahlukileyo yesiqalo. inzuzo yayo yonke iplanethi yethu iintsuku 27 kwaye phantse 7 iiyure - lo nyanga lethu ehlabathini. A ngexesha apho Umhlaba lijikeleza ilanga - iintsuku ezingama-365 - Earth ngonyaka.

Kakade ke, ukuba kukho iimpazamo kwiinkulungwane-elide imilinganiselo parameters iplanethi yethu, namhlanje ngokusesikweni wayibona le milinganiselo ilandelayo: kwirediyasi uMhlaba - 6378.1363 km; sangqa ikhweyitha komhlaba - 12756, 274 km; Ububanzi we South ukuya North Pole - 12514 km.

Eneneni, ethetha parameters planethi, kusengqiqweni ngakumbi ukuba bathethe ubukhulu balo, ngenxa yokuba i Umhlaba ayikho sphere ofezekileyo, amandla ojikelezayo kwenza ellipse okanye geoid. Kulula ukubala ukuba umahluko phakathi lamaxabiso 43 km, kwaye ubudeki umndilili Umhlaba - 12,743.2 km.

Bulunge la manani? Linganisa kwaye icacise parameters boMhlaba uyaqhubeka. oosonzululwazi Modern basebenza ngokwamaqela ngamazwe, evumela ukuba ukufumana ulwazi oluvela amanqaku ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba. Ngo-2007, iziphumo zemilinganiselo yapapashwa eyayibonisa ukuba, xa kuthelekiswa nonyaka ka-2000, ubukhulu koMhlaba Sehle ngemilimitha-5. Ngaba oku kuthetha ukuba iplanethi yethu iyaphela? Kunoko, kube bubungqina oko kuphuculwe iindlela imilinganiselo, kusetyenziswa ingcaciso epheleleyo ngakumbi noluchanekileyo, models yesimo mihla.

Ngoko ke, ubukhulu umndilili Earth kwi data ehlaziyiweyo yakutshanje - 12 756 274 km.

Izifundo yakutshanje usebenzisa iindlela ezintathu eziphambili:

1. Walijonga radio wave (quasar) aza kuthathela ingqalelo 70 yerediyo ibekwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo iplanethi yethu.
2. Satellite laser kukulamba, xa umgama ukusuka isiphekepheke emhlabeni ilinganiswa laser.
3. Iinkqubo zophando GPS kunye neenkqubo satellite Doris.