Iintsholongwane. iintsholongwane indawo

Iintsholongwane - kuhlobo kakhulu yamandulo eziphilayo ezikhona namhlanje emhlabeni. Le ntsholongwane yokuqala ukuvela kwiminyaka 3.5 billion eyadlulayo. Kuba phantse-gidi zeminyaka, baba kuphela izidalwa esebenzayo kwi planethi yethu. Wandula ke wathabatha ubume ukuzazi umzimba. Zeziphi umhlaba iintsholongwane, iintlobo kunye nokusingqongileyo - zonke ezi zinto zithathwa kweli nqaku.

ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga iintsholongwane

Ukubunjwa luquka ilizwe iintsholongwane ezahlukeneyo yobunzima phakathi kwazo zomhlaba iintsholongwane, ulisebenzisa nomngundo. Zahlula-hlulwe eyingozi kwaye kuyimfuneko ukwenzela uphuhliso izityalo.

Amagciwane ziyahluka kwiimeko zobomi. Abanye zikhula ngaphandle ioksijini, kodwa abanye ubukho bayo kubalulekile. Kukho kwakhona uhlobo olulodwa amagciwane ukuze aphuhlise njengoko ioksijini, kwaye ngaphandle kwayo.

Indima iintsholongwane kubomi bezityalo

Ngaba izityalo bayazuza iintsholongwane athwale? Meaning of amagciwane ebomini izityalo mkhulu ngokwaneleyo. iintsholongwane ngemihla Agropedological kuyimfuneko bazihlaziye izinto eziphilayo zibe izilwanyana kufuneka izimbiwa. Ekubeni umhlaba liqhube olunjalo ahlanganiswe calcium, intsimbi, phosphorus, nitrogen kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi eziyimfuneko.

iintsholongwane nje sicebisa umhlaba izinto eziluncedo, kodwa ukuphucula umgangatho womhlaba nokomzimba. Inxalenye enkulu zomhlaba kwi iintsholongwane ezinqwenelekayo, kungona ukuchuma yayo.

Inani inkulu umzimba ebalulekileyo inkqubo krupnokornevoy nokusasazwa kwisityalo, elileli, rhizosphere. Ngayo iintsholongwane zisetyenziswa ngamandla ukufa kwenkqubo ingcambu.

Amaqela eziyingozi amagciwane zomhlaba

zomhlaba iintsholongwane Amaqela aqulathe iintlobo ezinjalo ukubandakanyeka photosynthesis, initrogen, yekhabhoni phosphorus. Ukubunjwa umhlaba akhoyo kuphela Cya eyingenelo, kodwa izifo. Kaninzi iintsholongwane zihlala emhlabeni mfutshane ngokwaneleyo. Noko ke, iintlobo ezithile ziqhu yi abemi balo. iintsholongwane izifo zahlulwe ngokweendidi ezintathu:

• Iintsholongwane apho ilizwe a Bioton wemvelo. Bona agents causative indlela yesi sifo kunye actinomycetes.

• Igciwane singene umhlaba kunye netuwa kweziphilayo eziphilileyo. amagciwane ezinjalo kunokugcinwa emhlabeni ixesha elide. Bona agents causative i anthrax inegciwane, tetanus ukubola.

• Iintsholongwane, nayo leyo kuwa emhlabeni kunye eziphilayo netuwa, kodwa igcinwe khona ukuba kombiwe ukuya kwinyanga enye. Zinokubangela E. coli, salmonella, shigella nekholera. Zonke iintsholongwane eziyingozi musa ukubatshabalalisa kuphela iimpawu luncedo umhlaba, kodwa inkqubo ingcambu yezityalo.

bacteria yokuhlala

iintsholongwane zifumaneka ingaphakathi zehlabathi kunokuba olungalinganiyo. Naluphi na udidi ezincinane abahlala apho, apho kuya kuba nako ukufumana ngokwabo sphere obutofotofo yokuhlala, ukutya kunye namanzi. eziphilayo Simple zikhona naphi na apho kukho izinto ezisisiseko - ikakhulu kwiqweqwe kumhlaba eliphezulu. Ngokumangalisayo, iintsholongwane Umhlaba nazo zifumaneka imithombo yeoli, ubunzulu leyo efikelela ubuninzi kweekhilomitha ezili-16.

Indawo yokuhlala jikelele kwindlela ingcambu

Njengokuba besesitshilo, eyona ndawo idumile iintsholongwane - lo umaleko phezulu komhlaba. Rhizosphere - umaleko womhlaba, ibekwe jikelele kwindlela ingcambu. Oku ezinyakazela abantu amagciwane ukuba zitya inkunkuma izityalo, kwakunye iiprothini neswekile. izinto ezilula, ezifana iimpethu zitya Cya kwaye bahlala kwindawo krupnokornevoy. Ngenxa yoku, umjikelo lweziqalelo luncedo yaye ingcinezelo sifo lwenziwa kwi rhizosphere.

plant izibi

Bambalwa abantu bazi, iintsholongwane zomhlaba ekhaya. Kweli nqaku, siza kuzama-akhawunti enenkcukacha indawo yabo yokuhlala.

Amakhowa - izinto eziphilayo uthandwayo ngamaqhekeza zezityalo. iintsholongwane ungenako ukubathwala ezinye izinto eziyimfuneko ukuze imigama emide. Ivumela ngundo ukuze zikhule. Kungenxa kule inkunkuma mushroom isityalo kwakhona isixa omkhulu bacterium.

Wamatye - enye iintsholongwane yokuhlala. fungi ethile kuphela ukuvelisa enzayim kwakufuneka ukuba ndidilize izinto ezinzima wamatye. Inxalenye ebonakalayo izinto ezibalulekileyo eziqulathwe emhlabeni, kukho inani elikhulu izihlandlo ngaphambili lwanamathela yi nomngundo kunye ezincane. iikhompawundi wamatye ezo afunyenwe ngenxa cleavage zibandakanya iimali amancinci-nitrogen ekhoyo lula.

On units Agropedological

Enye indawo iintsholongwane - iiyunithi Agropedological. Kumphezulu wazo umxholo ngeentsholongwane iphezulu kakhulu kunokuba ngaphakathi. Embindini unokuwisa kuphela ezo iinkqubo musa ukuba ioksijini. Inani elikhulu leeyunithi - eli lizwe endleni ntshulube kunye nezinye izinto ezilula. Phakathi ezihamba iiyunithi arthropods Agropedological kunye nematodes, nto leyo akakwazi ukwenza imijelo ngqo emhlabeni.

Eziphilayo nezinto ezithandwa ukuba ukufuma ilahleko, kwakunye iintsholongwane kuhlala imijelo ezaliswe ngamanzi. Ukuze ukunikeza izinto ngamanzi-bothando inxalenye eziyimfuneko ezisisiseko umhlaba, nto leyo kwiindawo zezolimo athathe ziyancipha ngonyaka. Kungenxa yesi sizathu ukuba kukho imfuneko yokusebenzisa nezichumiso.

iintsholongwane Yingozi

Ndiyakholwa ukuba wonke sitiya nababesithi malunga nokuba iintsholongwane ziyingozi. Kweli nqaku siza kuzama yokususa zonke iintsomi kunye conjectures ukuba abhekisele kule mba. Inani elikhulu eziphilayo zomhlaba kwamagciwane. Umzekelo, kwi top 30 cm umaleko womhlaba, ubukhulu hektare enye ubomi malunga 30 iitoni eziphilayo ezilula. Ukuba iseti olomeleleyo enqanda iintsholongwane nokubola ndoyidiliza iiproteni zibe asidi acid. Le isibaluli kule nkqubo yokubola. Ezi Cya siphila abantu beze ezininzi iingxaki. Hi ndlela leyi, ngenxa yokuba umsebenzi ezi zinto ziphilayo ezilula lonakalisa kakhulu ngokukhawuleza ukutya ziyilelwe ezikhabhathini elide - ezizezi, pickles neziqhamo tyaba kunye nemifuno. Ngethamsanqa, lo iindwendwe sele kudala safunda ukuba niphume kule meko. Kuba yokugcina elide, basebenzisa inkqubo nzala, kunye neemveliso processing. Noko ke, iintlobo ezithile ezincinane isenokuba ezonakalisa preform ukutya, nangona nokuphathwa ngenyameko.

Iintsholongwane ngenisa umhlaba ngokusebenzisa izidalwa bosulelekile. Njengokuba besesitshilo ngaphambili, ezinye zenyathi kwaziwe fungi inokuba emhlabeni eminyaka. Oku kungenxa imisebenzi yawo - ukwakha sikuyo. Ukuba ukukhusela iintsholongwane kwiimpembelelo embi kokusingqongileyo. amagciwane ezinjalo ukuvuselela uphuhliso ezinye izifo eziyingozi kakhulu - anthrax, ubuthi, ekuboleni catalepsy.

Njengoko intsholongwane bangene emhlabeni

Ngamafutshane, le iintsholongwane Agropedological - ukuba yinxalenye ubume bomhlaba, kodwa hayi ilizwe ngokwalo, kunye ongaphezulu yayo. Komnye dessert ukhamba Turf equlathe ngaphezu kwesinye lamawaka eziphilayo ezilula, ezo bazibandakanya qho kwisigaba esithile kuwohloka into ephilayo efile okanye nitrogen ukufika isiseko iziqalelo eclectic kunye nokwakhiwa ezi molekyuli ezisisiseko nzima.

iqela Agropedological ezincinane sivela kwixesha xa ezinye izidalwa eziphilayo 'ukusekwa, waza washiya imizila zokuqala umsebenzi wabo. Kuyinto le iintsalela yaye yaba ikhaya yokuqala kwala magciwane zomhlaba. Ukuba imveliso zomgquba, utshintsho abaqeqeshelwe iintsholongwane kuhlala kulo kwada kwanamhla, wamkela iimeko ukutshintsha ezingqongileyo.

Icandelo imisebenzi

Kukho icandelo ngemiba yezemfundo Agropedological Cya phakathi zebhayoloji kwimisebenzi yabo;

1. destructors - iintsholongwane ezihlala emhlabeni kunye mineralize khompawundi ezisisiseko ezikhoyo kule nwebu phezulu komhlaba. indima yabo - iinguqu ihlala kwezidalwa kunye nezityalo eziphilayo nezinto eclectic.

2. nitrogen-fixing okanye ezinabileyo Cya - eziphila kuzo izityalo. ukubaluleka yabo ixhomekeke into yokuba olu hlobo kuphela iintsholongwane uyakwazi ukudibanisa neorganichno iziqalelo ioksijini nokuqinisekisa izityalo zabo. Ngenxa yokuba lo mhlaba nezityalo izimbiwa ezibalulekileyo.

3. chemoautotrophs - Cya egxininisa izinto ezingaphiliyo ezikhoyo molecule esisiseko. ukubaluleka yabo ixhomekeke kwinto yokuba zingenziwa yande esisekweni izinto eclectic uze uthumele ukuba izityalo.

iqiniso Amazing

Ukuze ixesha elide bekukholeleka ukuba amavumba umqondo eziphilayo ezintsonkothileyo kuphela. Nakuba kunjalo, kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo kwaphengululwa kwafumaniseka ukuba esi receptor nayo iyafumaneka kwi iintsholongwane negwele kunye anodaka umngundo.

Oosonzululwazi bagqiba ukuqhuba umfuniselo ukufumanisa ukuba Agropedological va ubukho iintsholongwane esibhakabhakeni ibekwe ngeenxa zonke ammonia. Ngokumangalisayo, iintsholongwane zangaphaya kobesikulindele zonke experimenters. Ngenxa olu phando, izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ukuba bacterium iyakwazi ukwahlukanisa amavumba.

UPawulos

iintsholongwane zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ukuchuma komhlaba kunye ubomi zonke izidalwa eziphilayo. Kweli nqaku siyifumene kuhlala ziibhaktheriya zomhlaba kunye nendlela inxulumana kuphuhliso yezityalo izinto eziphilayo.

Xa usebenza phantsi kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba akukho bakhona kuphela Cya eyingenelo, kodwa kwamagciwane ukuba babe zii-arhente izifo ezisongela ubomi. Kucetyiswa ngamandla ukuba banxibe iiglavu, uhlambe izandla zabo kakuhle emva kokusetyenziswa. Hlala uphilile!