Timur intshukumo: imbali imvelaphi, ideology kunye namanqaku anika umdla

Ubukhulu becala, Timurovtsev baba phantse bonke abafundi USSR. Umnqweno ukunceda abo basweleyo yaba yokusabela ngokugqibeleleyo eqhelekileyo nawuphi na umcimbi othile. Mhlawumbi le yokuziphatha, mhlawumbi, yimfundo. Kodwa kule ngokunxulumene ehlabathini, aba bantwana timurovtsi ekugqibeleni babe ngabantu bokwenene kwaye eluncedo. Baye alondoloza izithethe Timur intshukumo ngonaphakade. Kwaye mhlawumbi le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ...

Le ncwadi, kuba leyo

Timur intshukumo eyaqala ngo-1940. Oko kukuthi, xa nje A. Gaidar wapapasha incwadi yakhe yokugqibela ngemibutho abanye abantwana bakhe, ukunceda abantu. Lo msebenzi ubizwa ngokuba, Kakade ke, "Timur kunye neqela lakhe."

Emva kweveki, omnye izicatshulwa sele ishicilelwe. Ukongeza, waqalisa usasazo lwerediyo ehambelanayo. impumelelo Le ncwadi yaba nje enkulu.

Emva konyaka, imveliso wajika kwakhanya kukuninzi. Ngaphandle koku, kufuneka uprinte izihlandlo ezimbalwa.

Nangona le ncwadi ayisoze ibe store ezishelifini. Isibakala sokuba ingcamango abantwana Gaidar umbutho umnyamekelayo bamphetheyo, wakhangela ndimkrokrela kakhulu. Khumbula kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo baba 30.

Ngethamsanqa, onoxanduva upapasho yomsebenzi wathabatha kunobhala Komsomol Mikhailov. Xa yapapashwa le ncwadi, kukho kwakhona umfanekiso isindululo igama elifanayo. Ukuthandwa emangalisayo kwe tape wachaza ukomelela umfanekiso ophambili. Timur waba ngumzekelo kunye ifanelekileyo isizukulwana abatsha ngelo xesha.

Trilogy malunga Timur

Kwanangaphambi kokupapashwa umsebenzi Gaidar wayenomdla iingxaki abafundi zemfundo emkhosini. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, ezi imizila kwazo zazibonakala kwidayari yakhe yonke imisebenzi Timur. Malunga incwadi yokuqala siye nje ngaye. Kodwa kancinane emva koko, umbhali wabhala kunye imveliso yesibini. Yayibizwa ngokuba "Le kwingqwayi ezinqabeni njengekhephu." Characters sele ibandakanyeka uhlobo umdlalo imfazwe. Kaloku, xa kanye ekuqaleni imfazwe Gaidar bakwazi ukubhala inethuba kunye "isifungo Timur". Ukususela amaphepha, wathetha ngemfuneko ngentlangano abantwana iimeko zemfazwe. Amalungu ale ndawo aya kuba semsebenzini ngexesha zicinywe ukuhlasela. Baya kuzigcina ummandla saboteurs kunye iintlola ziya kunceda amajoni kunye neentsapho yamafama kumsebenzi wabo yezolimo. Enyanisweni, yiloo nto eyenzekayo. Omnye umbuzo kukuba ingaba umbhali wayefuna ngenene imisebenzi yakhe Timur ukudala enye ethile Pioneer Umbutho ... Ngelishwa, bandiselwa ezithile asazi.

Umbono Gaidar

Kuthiwa Gaidar kwiincwadi Timur, wachaza amava lwemibutho intlola kwi s-10 zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Ukongeza, ngexesha abekuhambisa amaqela engahlawulwayo. Kwaye ngasese, ngathi isimilo sakhe Timur, ukwenza imisebenzi elungileyo, hayi ubacele ukuba nawuphi na umvuzo. intsha ngokubanzi,, ukunceda abasweleyo, ngoku amavolontiya.

Ethetha mbutho abantwana abanjalo kaThixo wabhala ngexesha loo manani zabo indumasi Anton Makarenko kunye uKonstantin Paustovsky. Kodwa omnye Gaidar kuphela, engaqondi okanye engazi, sikwazile ukuzisa le ngcamango ebomini.

ekuqaleni

Sisiphi isiganeko yayisisiqalo Timur intshukumo? Impendulo ingabonakala ilula. Emva imbonakalo incwadi malunga Timur Timur waqalisa intshukumo sikweni. Kananjalo bekukho iiyunithi ezifanelekileyo.

Timurovtsi bona abe, enyanisweni, yinxalenye yenkqubo zabantu eSoviet Union. Ngelo xesha linye ndikwazile ukugcina umoya wokuzithandela.

Timurovtsi elivisayo baba engumzekelo. Baya ekondleni benze imisebenzi emihle, incede abantu abadala, wanceda iifama ezihlangeneyo, abancinane eziguqulweyo, kwaye kakhulu ngakumbi. Ngokufutshane, kwabakho ngoku intshukumo ubunzima abafundi.

Yayingubani nguyise Timur intshukumo? Wona libutho okokuqala ngo-1940 e-Klina ukuba kummandla eMoscow. Hi ndlela leyi, apha Gaidar wabhala 'ukungonakali' yakhe malunga Timur kunye neqela lakhe. Le iqembu ndandineminyaka emithandathu kuphela elivisayo. Baya kwisikolo efanayo Klin. Emva kwabo loo maqela ziye zavela kwaye wonke ummandla eSoviet Union. Kwaye, ngamanye amaxesha kwelinye iilali ezincinane bekukho 2-3 amaqela ezinjalo. Ngenxa yale ndawo, kunye yokufuna ulwazi. Umzekelo, intsha ivame zinqunqwe iinkuni umntu okhulileyo kunye izihlandlo ezithathu kwande eyadini ...

Ixesha IMfazwe Enkulu

Ngexesha lemfazwe, Timur intshukumo kwi-USSR lalikhula an arithmetic ukuqhubela phambili. Ngowe-1945, i-eSoviet Union sele malunga nezigidi ezi-3 timurovtsev kwaba. Ezi ntsha eneneni ufunwayo.

iiyunithi bantu ukusebenza kumakhaya abantwana, ezikolweni, kwii-Palace of Vulindlela kunye namaziko zesikolo. Ulutsha kufuneka ukusekelwa kwiintsapho kwamagosa kunye namajoni baqhubeka ukunceda lokuvuna.

imikhosi kwakhona kuqhutywa umsebenzi omkhulu zibhedlele. Ngoko ke, kummandla Timurovtsev Gorky ukuhlela ukuba ababuleweyo phantse 10,000 iziphakamiso engahlawulwayo. Bahlale emsebenzini kwizibhedlele, egameni amajoni babhala iileta, wenziwe inani imisebenzi ezahlukeneyo.

Omnye umzekelo Timur intshukumo kwenzeka ngehlobo lowe-1943. Umkhumbi "Pushkin" off route "Kazan -. Stalingrad" On ibhodi babenikela - izipho eziye zaqokelelwa Timurovtsev republic.

Kwaye iLeningrad ungqingwe amaNazi intshukumo timurovtsev Ndizuze ukubaluleka ekhethekileyo. Ngowe-753 ikomkhulu Timur ngezigaba emantla enza elinambini lamawaka elivisayo. Babanceda iintsapho amagqala, abakhubazekileyo kunye nabadla umhlala-phantsi. Kwakufuneka ukuzithengela ukuze utshiswe, ukucoca indlu kwaye ufumane ukutya ngezixa.

Hi ndlela leyi, ekuqaleni kuka-1942 ukuya wonke ummandla USSR le irallie timurovtsev yokuqala ziye zabanjwa. Kwezi ziganeko, baxelelwa malunga neziphumo ukusebenza kwawo ngempumelelo.

Kwakhona ngeli xesha kukho iingoma yokuqala Timur intshukumo, i "amatakane ezine lula" phakathi kwabo, "Hayi phezulu phezulu esibhakabhakeni wethu, 'yaye, ke," Ingoma timurovtsev "Blanter. Kamva zabhalwa iingoma ezithandwayo ezifana "Gaydar uhamba phambili," "Ingoma Red zincede abafundi", "Eaglets ndifunde ukubhabha", "Timurovtsev" njalo njalo.

squad phambene

Ukuya emva kwixesha kwemfazwe, elinye kumaqela odumileyo Timur yaba ibutho kwidolophu enemigodi Plast, kummandla eChelyabinsk. Kwaba khona ngamakhulu amabini elivisayo. Kwaye wakhokela Aleksandra Rychkova oneminyaka eli-73 ubudala.

Unit yasekwa ngo-Agasti ka-1941. Kwitheko yokuqala Rychkova wathi umsebenzi kuya kufuneka ukuba ngokoqobo iinyembezi. Ngelo xesha, ngokukwanjalo kuya kubakho isibonelelo ngenxa yobudala. Wamemezela ukuba, ukuba umntu utshintsha ingqondo yakhe, uha- ngoko nangoko. Kodwa akukho namnye ushiye. Abafikisayo baye bohlulwa babe ngamaqela baze babelwa isitshixo.

Yonke imihla Rychkova nesicwangciso somsebenzi ezisasaziweyo. Bona bancedisana amahlwempu, baloo dolophu axelelwa ngaphambili iimeko, siqhuba Ikonsathi abenzakeleyo esibhedlele. Ukongeza, baqokelelana izityalo zamachiza, ngeentsimbi ezindala, imithi ukuvunwa, wayesebenza emasimini, babe ukusekelwa imizalwane amagqala. Kwakhona wakholosa kunye namashishini kakhulu: timurovtsi ukukhasa zibe ziimfumba emigodini kunye namatye yaqokelelwa.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe, nangona lo msebenzi, elivisayo basaqhubekeka ukuya izifundo zesikolo.

Ngenxa yoko, ngenxa iinyanga ezintandathu ukusuka kwiqela ukwakhiwa yakwazi ukuba aphumelele elihle ngokwenene. amagosa Nokuba ziye zachongwa kwigumbi yabantwana zabasebenzi bakhe. Malunga Timurovtsev kule dolophu imigodi ngokuphindaphindiweyo abhalwe kweempepha. Phela, lo wona libutho eyafakwa Encyclopedia IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic.

Inkqubo Asmal Vulindlela timurovtsev

Ngowe-1942 ootitshala kwezinye zidlakadlaka. Isibakala sokuba units Timur, enyanisweni, waqalisa ukuba bathabath 'Pioneer kumaqela. incwadi malunga Timur ukusixelela ntoni iqela "samodistsipliniruyuschemsya" Usakhumbula. Kuyo yonke imisebenzi elivisayo ngokuthatha ngokwabo ukusombulula zonke iingxaki ngaphandle kweliso omdala.

Ngenxa yoko, iinkokheli Young Communist League wenza isigqibo enxulumene oovulindlela union kunye timurovtsev. Emva kwexesha elithile amalungu Komsomol wakwazi ukuba phantsi kolawulo lwakhe.

Ubukhulu becala, kule meko yokuba izinto zayo ezicacileyo kunye neengxaki ezinkulu. Imisebenzi timurovtsev yayigqalwa umsebenzi ifomu ngaphezulu Oovulindlela.

ngemva kwempi

Ngoko nangoko emva kokuba uloyiso phezu abahlaseli ngokungenalusini karhulumente timurovtsi baqhubeka ukunceda amagqala, abantu abakhubazekileyo kunye nabantu abadala. Kwakhona wazama ukuthatha unonophelo emangcwabeni zamajoni Red Army.

Kodwa ke ngaxeshanye intshukumo baqala ukuncipha. Mhlawumbi isizathu kukuba timurovtsi kufuneka asibi "joyina" ezintlwini Pioneer mbutho. Baphulukana inkululeko yabo yokuzikhethela.

Ukuvuselelwa intshukumo yaqala kuphela "nobudlelwane" Khrushchev xa ...

60-80

Imbali Timur intshukumo eRashiya waqhubeka. Ngeli xesha, abantu abaselula baqhubeka ukuba benze imisebenzi eluncedo eluntwini. Okungcono zaye zanikwa amabhaso. Umzekelo, i-yesikolo kunyaka-elinanye M. Nahangovoy Tajikistan ikwazile Zizigqithile umlinganiselo ukuba omdala izihlandlo ezisixhenxe lokuvuna zomqhaphu. Uye wawongwa Order of Lenin.

Timurovtsi waza waqalisa ukuba nenxaxheba kumsebenzi yokukhangela. Ngoko ke, baqalisa ukufunda ubomi A. Gaidar kwaye, ngenxa yoko, wanceda ukuvula imyuziyam yombhali kwinani kwizixeko. zilungelelaniswe kakuhle ilayibrari ogama emva imyuziyam zombhali e Kanev.

Kwaye kwi '70s xa inguqulelo yiSoviet lowu odumileyo "Pioneer" lenzeka ekuthiwa-Union kwikomkhulu Timur. Nokufika ngexesha macala timurovtsev. Ngamandla zenziwa kwaye bawucula imibongo malunga Timur intshukumo. Ngowe-1973, kule nkampu "Artek", owokuqala Bonke-Union rally. Lo msitho ubuzinyaswe amathathu kwaye iwaka isiqingatha iindwendwe. Emva koko bakwazi ukuthatha nkqu nenkqubo Timur intshukumo ajolise kuphuhliso yayo esebenzayo.

Qaphela, le miyalelo wadalwa eBulgaria, Poland, Hungary, basala East Jamani.

Kokuwa kunye imvuselelo intshukumo

Kule 90 yokuqala indima Young Communist League kwaye Oovulindlela Young sabhengezwa izinziswe. Le mibutho abasekho ngokusemthethweni ukuba khona. Ngako oko, isiphelo eso elindiwe kwaye Timur intshukumo.

Kodwa phantse ngexesha elifanayo sele wadala "Federation of Imibutho Abantwana", elizimeleyo naliphi na iqela lezopolitiko. Emva kweminyaka embalwa, umongameli Russian isaziso nokudalwa intshukumo besikolo Russian. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba imbono kunye nootitshala inkxaso.

Ngaphambi nje kokuba kwasekwa ngokusesikweni kwaye intshukumo omtsha Timur (ngokuzithandela), nto leyo ijolise ukunceda amaqela abuthathaka.

ngexesha elitsha

Ngenxa yoko, kweli xesha lethu ngokwesithethe intshukumo asinda Timur. loo maqela zikhona kwimimandla eziliqela. Hi xikombiso, ku Ekwakuphithizela ukuba kwiphondo ivanov isebenza intshukumo ulutsha timurovtsev. Njengoko ngaphambili, abayi kuphela sincede abo basweleyo, kodwa zama ukuba luncedo eluntwini.

Ndiyavuya ukuba le Uhanjiso kwakhona liqhele yonke indawo ...