Ubudala periodization of D. B. Elkoninu

Kuba bengqondo mihla oko akusekho imfihlelo yokuba umntu ngethuba yophuhliso yayo kunye nokwenziwa kwanokuchithwa uhamba uthotho izigaba, eziya kwahluka enye kwenye kumanqanaba:

• ngokomzimba;
• engqondweni;
• ngokomoya;
• kunye nophuhliso ngokwasengqondweni.

Ngamanye amagama, inkqubo yokukhula kunye nophuhliso lukhatshwa utshintsho ezithile ekusebenzeni lomzimba, nto leyo evumela ukuba ukwahlula inyathelo elinye ukusuka komnye. Yaye ezi nguqu kufuneka ikhonkco elomeleleyo ubudala. Lo mbono kuthiwa periodization yobudala.

Xa imisebenzi yakhe, abaphengululi abaninzi ntliziyo ukusuka linqanaba psychology periodization: Freud, L. S. Vygotsky, D. B. Elkonin. Eli nqaku liza kuxoxwa ngazo iinkcukacha ngokuchanekileyo iminyaka periodization Elkonina D. B. - kakhulu ethandwa ngaphakathi kwingcingane lwasekhaya mihla.

theory sesayensi Russian yayisekelwe kwinto yokuba kwisigaba esithile zophuhliso uhambelana uhlobo oluthile lomsebenzi lubalaseleyo (WA) (oku kuthetha iminyaka, umgangatho engqondweni nasemzimbeni nophuhliso). Apho umsebenzi lubalaseleyo iqondwa njenge umsebenzi apho kukho nokufunyanwa kwezakhiwo yengqondo omtsha.

Uphuhliso Periodization yobudala esiphakanyiswa D. B. Elkoninym njengommeli e-worldwork theory yenkcubeko-imbali L. S. Vygotskogo, kukho inani iimpawu kunye neengqikelelo ezingundoqo. Uphuhliso ubuntu, lasungulwa yaye ngenxa intsebenziswano eqhubekayo kwezentlalo. Bulelani kuphela intsebenziswano lwezentlalo kunye nemisebenzi eyenziwayo umntwana okhula ngengqondo. Umphakathi moya chat abadala kunye nomntwana (nokuba malunga nokufunda ukuze banxibelelane izinto umntwana, ezifana, ngokomzekelo, njengenyathelo yesibini, ebizwa ngokuba "lwabantwana ekuqaleni") livumela yokugqibela ngqo ukufunxa imida zentlalo, yokuziphatha, iindima, iimbono isenzo, njl

Ngoko ke, ubudala periodization kwi-sikhokelo kwithiyori D. B. Elkonina yahlulwe izigaba 6:

1. Usana. Ukuya kunyaka 1. Ukukhokela umsebenzi (emva koku HP) abantwana beli phakade kukunxibelelana nabo abadala. Umntwana ufunda ukusebenzisana nabanye, kuqala kwiinto zonke, kunye nomama wam ngokusebenzisa izimbo zomzimba, nembonakalo yobuso nezandi. othetha ngobubele ngokweemvakalelo ikuvumela ukuba ukuphuhlisa nqanaba lobuqu umntwana, ngenxa unina wakhe, yena uyazi yena ihlabathi, ufunda ukuba baphendule nokunxibelelana.
2. ebuntwaneni Early. Ukuya kwiminyaka emi-3. Xa ubomi izinto komntwana kuvela. Bayakwazi iphathwayo, ukuluma, ukuqhekeza, njl Ngoko ke, lo mntwana uyaqonda ukuba yena uyakwazi kuchaphazela ihlabathi elisingqongileyo, ukuphembelela, ngokukodwa, kwezo zinto ezikhoyo ukuze impembelelo. Ngeli xesha, ukuphuhlisa yokucinga ezibonwayo-esebenzayo kungenxa nokuqhathwa bezinto.
3. yobudala uthole. Ukuya ku 7. HP eli xesha - umdlalo role-eqamba, apho abantwana bafunde ukusebenzisana nabanye, ukufunda ukuthobela balandele imithetho. Ngeli xesha, kukho kwakhona imfuneko umsebenzi umdla woluntu, kukho umnqweno ukuba luncedo, ukuze basebenzisane.
4. yobudala Primary School. Ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka 11. Vd-efundisa umntwana-umfundi efunda ukulawula indlela aziphatha ngayo ngokungqinelana neemfuno kunye nemithetho eyamkelekileyo. Ikhulela engenasizathu (ukuba ahlale edesikeni ukuba imizuzu engama-30, ukuphulaphula utitshala yaye ephazamisa), ukuzeyisa (xha umdlalo kwaye wenze umsebenzi wakho) kunye nesicwangciso sokusebenza lwangaphakathi (ukwakha inkqubo wasekhaya).
5. Yokukhula. Ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka eli-15. Vd-unxibelelwano noontanga. Umnqweno ukufumana ngokwakhe indawo kwi qela. Kubonakala ukuzithemba - ukuba, njengokuba elivisayo lizibone kwisiqalo abahlobo babo, iklasi, inkampani, athelekise yena nabanye. Imfuno engundoqo - ukuba abe yinxalenye yeqela, ukufumana inkxaso yakhe, ukuba azive ubunye.
6. Yokukhula. Ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka eli-17. Ngeli xesha ingqalelo amakhwenkwe kunye namantombazana lujoliswe ekuqondeni umsebenzi ngakumbi, ubuyekeze ukukhetha indlela yabo yokuphila. Ububanzi iinketho ukuba uphuhliso iziganeko emva kwesikolo. Guys esoloko ezibuza, "Ndifuna ukuba Into endifuna ukwenza uhlobo umsebenzi okulungileyo ngam Ngubani na ???" WA - zemfundo kunye nobungcali. Kukho uxanduva ikamva labo.

Kwaphuhliswa D. B. Elkoninym ubudala periodization ikuvumela ukuba uqonde ngcono lokukhuthazwa yobudala yomntwana ngamnye ukunceda abazali nabalondolozi babantwana ukuba anikezele yonke kuyimfuneko ukwenzela uphuhliso ngokupheleleyo.