Philosophy kant xa

Immanuel Kant ngumseki of yimibono German yamandulo. Le ifilosofi unjingalwazi kwiYunivesithi Königsberg.

bulumko Kant lungahlulwa-hlulwa ibe iiphiriyodi ezimbini:

• period subcritical;
• Sikwithuba elibaluleke kakhulu.

Ngeli xesha pre-amadlala bulumko kant uye ngqo kwiingxaki yendalo kunye nenzululwazi. Ngexesha wokugxeka kant waqalisa ukufunda ingxaki yengqondo, iindlela zokuziphatha, ezisebenza kwingqiqo, imida yayo. Kwakhona, waba nomdla imibuzo ekuqiqeni, yokuziphatha, ifilosofi lwentlalo.

Ifilosofi sigxeke kant ixesha ezinxulumene nemisebenzi emikhulu emithathu. Olu 'amadlala Isizathu Pure, "' amadlala Isizathu Practical 'yaye' amadlala yoMgwebo".

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, kwisithuba subcritical kant wayenomdla iingxaki endalo, inzululwazi. Kubalulekile kuye yaye ukuba iingxaki. Enyanisweni, onke intuthuko kant kukuba yokuqala ukujongana nazo zonke ezi ngxaki ngogxininiso enkulu kuphuhliso lwe ngxaki yena.

bulumko Kant ihlala ixesha kwizigqibo yotshintsho olululo. Wathi ukuba yonke indalo yethu kuphuma ilifu elikhulu ekuqaleni, olu sapho lwaluquka ngamasuntswana kwaphela. Waqiqa ngelithi semvelo imbali yayo kwexesha, kwaye oko elinesiqalo kunye nesiphelo. Kuko konke oku indalo eguqukayo nolutshintsha-tshintshayo. Itshintsha ubomi kunye, ngoko ke, le ndoda ngokwayo. Le ndoda emphethweni - nto ngenxa yendalo yokuba izinto zazivelela.

filosofi Kant kaThixo uye iingcamango yamanyala elikhulu ixesha, oku kubonakala kwinto yokuba uthi imithetho mechanical babe imbangela yazo kwaye ifakwe kulo mbandela. Kubalulekile kwakhona ukuba sikhankanye apha ingcambu yoko wakholwa kuThixo.

ababephila Kant kaThixo bakholwa ukuvulwa ukubaluleka elilingana wokuvula, ngelo xesha elinye wenza uCopernicus.

Kant ifilosofi Sikwithuba elibaluleke buhlobene ngqo kwiingxaki ulwazi.

Xa 'amadlala Isizathu Pure, "sobulumko iyazikhusela ingcamango akaziwa - ingqina ukuba ubunyani akunakwenzeka ukuba ukwazi. Usa phambili ingcamango yokuba ihlabathi lingenako Yaziswa kwindawo yokuqala, kungekhona ngenxa yokuba kubhaliwe rhoqo itshintsha, yaye kungenxa yokuba ingqondo yomntu ibuthathaka kwaye nje akakwazi. amakhono engqondweni ngayo ingqondo yomntu ibuthathaka. iqinisekisa ifilosofi ngokudlul kant ukuba aye ngaphaya yayo, ingqondo yomntu ngoko nangoko sijongene ezininzi eziphikisanayo. mibono Kant ezine. Wabiza antinomy zabo. I antinomy kakhulu yokuqala ezinxulumene ngqo kwisithuba yokunqongophala, owesibini kuthiwa ezilula kunye nezintsonkothileyo, eyesithathu - inkululeko kunye kudaleka, owesine - ebusweni bukaThixo.

Isizathu ivumela ukuba ukungqina kanye zombini eyahlukileyo-sentimentalizing. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ukucinga, kwaye kule ngxaki. Kant ixoxe ukuba ubukho kwistibhiya siqinisekisa ukuba imida cognitive nobuchule umntu.

Kulo msebenzi kant ngokucalula nokwahlula ulwazi ngokwalo ngenxa yokuba nakanjani na umsebenzi kwengqondo, kwakunye iimbalasane iikhonsepthi okuluphawu ulwazi. Zezi:

• ulwazi posteriori;
• ulwazi priori:
• "Izinto ngokwabo."

Kwimeko yokuqala sithetha yokuqala ekufunyanweni kolunye ulwazi, elinesibini - phezu yokuqala. "Eyona nto ngokwako" - yenye neengqikelelo ezingundoqo liphela ifilosofi Kant. Kuyabonakala ukuba umongo yangaphakathi enokuthi abuqonde ingqondo yomntu.

Eyona woku-bulumko yokuziphatha Kant. I-sobulumko wabuza lo mbuzo olandelayo:

• kufuneka ibe yintoni yokuziphatha inyaniso;
• Yintoni ebangela ukuziphatha kwabantu yokuziphatha.

Emva ehlaziya, yenza izigqibo zilandelayo:

• zokuziphatha ecocekileyo - lokuqonda kawonke onesidima, nto leyo ibonwa ngumntu njengendawo eyahlukileyo;
• ukuziphatha omsulwa ubomi benene zikungquzulwano njalo;
• ukuziphatha komntu akuxhomekekanga ekuzithandeleni kwiimeko yangaphandle.