Kunstkamera e Saint Petersburg: Museum

Kunstkamera e St. Petersburg (igama elizeleyo -. Museum of Anthropology ezizwe ogama emva Petra Velikogo, Russian Academy of Sciences) yasekwa woMlawuli uPeter Omkhulu eSt Petersburg. It wavula ngo 1714.

Ngaphezu kwesigidi zakudala abayiqokeleleyo Kunstkammer okwangoku, kodwa emashumini ezimbalwa okanye amakhulu myuziyam ngenxa yokufuna ukuba ziqukiwe kule mboniso, zaziswa uPetros Omkhulu evela kuhambo lwakhe eNgilani Holland, apho umlawuli ezenziwa ngo-1698. Travelling ukumkani ndatyelela iimyuziyam aphesheya, bayinqule "ezimangalisayo ngokugqithiseleyo" collection of rarities kwaye ekugqibeleni, ndagqiba ukumisela ngokuqinileyo eRashiya efanayo kubantu Russian. Iqhutywa ngalo mbono, uPetros waqalisa ukuya kuthenga izinto ezinqabileyo, iincwadi ubudala, izixhobo, izixhobo, izixhobo - izinto ezingaba ikushiye. collection Huge kwaziswa eMoscow, ebhotweni lokumkani. Ngoko yokufuna khona - yimyuziyam lokuqala Russian.

indaba

Ngokwahlukeneyo eqokelelweyo yokwakheka zonyango rarities ezigcinwe ngotywala freaks elisezantsi, ezinye ubungqina mgaqweni zendalo, izinto zobomi yamandulo kunye nobomi babantu bamandulo. Amakhulu imiboniso eyahlukileyo yenza isiseko 'yokufuna ulwazi lwekhabhinethi "le tsar Russian. Iiholo Moscow ahlala kuyo uPetros engasekho wagcinwa imiboniso evela ehlabathini lonke wathuma abathunywa, wathumela ukukhangela nokuthenga izinto ezimangalisayo. Kwaba lelo xesha ke wagqiba ukuba bayithwale buncwane, "ofisi ukumkani kaThixo" eSt Petersburg nokwakha isakhiwo esithile segama Kunstkammer. Uhambise kwenziwa 1714, zonke imiboniso zibekwe okwethutyana Summer Palace. Kwaye xa kwibhotwe sasigcwele, inkoliso yabo wayibeka endlwini Boyar Kikin - ekuthiwa-kikinskie Chamber. Ku wagqiba ukwakha yakhe yokwakha imyuziyam, yaye indawo ekhethiweyo ukwakhiwa yawo kwincam Vasilyevsky Island, phambi lakwaWinter Palace, nto leyo ibekwe ngaphakathi Hermitage.

Qala of zokwakha

Peter Ukwakhiwa lolondolozo lwembali yaqalwa ngo-1718 yaye yathatha iminyaka malunga mabini. Ngexesha ukufa umlawuli - ngo-1725 - kwakufuneka kwakhiwe udonga kuphela. Umakhi waba uJohann Georg Mattarnovi owadala le projekthi isimbo ezimbejembeje wayakha ukuya ku 1719. Emva kokufa kwakhe, waqhubeka ulwakhiwo uNicholas Gerbel. Ngowe-1724 Gaetano Kiaveri wathabatha umyili-ofisi. Ngowe-1726 ekwakheni myuziyam yaqala ngaphandle nemiboniso.

isakhiwo

Two isakhiwo esinemigangatho emithathu myuziyam oxhulumene kwi inqaba tiered kunye lwale ezimbejembeje. Avuleke ukulidla iphiko mpuma iyonke ezintsonkothileyo, ibekwe entshonalanga Russian Academy of Sciences, i-avareji lwezindlu yokwakheka Theatre, kwaye amalungiselelo Gottorp Globe and Observatory phezu kwayo, kuloo nqaba ngokwayo. Ngowe-1830, i-Museum of yokufuna ulwazi e Saint-Petersburg yahlulwe ezine Botanical ezahlukeneyo, ngenkcazo, umyezo kunye mineralogical, ngalinye kule meko yinxalenye lwembali eziphambili. Thematically yokufuna ulwazi iqulathe amacandelo asibhozo:

• Imbali i Kunstkammer. inzululwazi Russian kwinkulungwane XVIII.
• icandelo yokwakheka.
• North America.
• Indiya ne Indonesia.
• Japan.
• China kunye Mongolia.
• Afrika.
• Australia kunye Oceania.

imbali Kunstkamery

Museum of yokufuna ulwazi eSt Petersburg iquka Imiboniso ezintathu: "Museum of M. V. Lomonosova", "Astronomical Observatory of the Academy of Sciences of St. Petersburg" yaye "Gottorp Globe-Planetarium". Lo mboniso ibonisa iintsuku zokuqala Kunstkammer, ulwazi oluninzi enikelwe umsebenzi University kunye St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, i-Observatory kunye nexesha ngqo yenkonzo, sikweyona nenqaba usembindini imyuziyam, kwakunye ukuhlanganiswa umgca eqhelekileyo okuyi Petersburg. Permament bonisa Igumbi leNkomfa ye-St Petersburg Academy of Sciences.

sigaba yokwakheka

Kunstkamera e St. Petersburg (photo thaca kweli nqaku) has icandelo komzimba umdla kakhulu. Apha, umboniso enkulu eziqokelelwe rarities okungaqhelekanga imvelaphi yendalo :. Le sengozini yokwakheka, imizekelo sirenomelia, amawele Siamese, cyclops baby imvana kunye iintloko ezimbini, njl Lo mboniso engundoqo iquka uqokelelo anatomist Dutch isifundo Ruysch, leyo obafunyanwa uPeter Omkhulu ukuba isixa esikhulu 1717 nyaka.

North America

Kunstkamera eSt Petersburg i KUNYEnokutyhilwa eyahlulelwe ukuba abantu bamandulo belizwekazi North American - i Eskimos, amaNdiya, Aleuts. Lo mboniso ubandakanya lwezindlu khulu emantla, kudidi zokwakha - inaliti isibetho yaranga. Yokuhlala AmaNdiya eboniswe ngohlobo kwezi okulinda, kunye Umbala Classic ngaphandle. Kwakhona ebonisa isinxibo yesizwe yabemi bamandulo nakuMntla Melika, ezenziwe ngezikhumba zezilwanyana, oboya, iintsiba kunye imicu zezityalo.

India ne Indonesia

Izizwe of South Asia zimelwe kwi Kunstkammer ngokokwahlukana kwalo konke: apha ekhaya izizwe yamandulo, nempahla zokupheka, kunye nezixhobo ezibonelela ukutya kunye ngazo ukulwa. Isithuba ekhethekileyo kwinkcazelo Izikrweqe Indiya ziyathandwa ngezinkempe ethile kujikwa indlela ebizwa ngokuba "Kris" - into eyoyikekayo, iingalo bazilindele abandayo, efana ulwimi lidangatye. Kodwa ke uninzi iintetho imiboniso icandelo ngoxolo. theatre Luphawu zimelwe kwi veshalah ezikhethekileyo wabola theatre oyindoda yamandulo iisuti ababhinqileyo, ngoko ukuzihlalela iphaphethi. A umgama omfutshane kude liqonga ngenxa imidlalo yeqonga of izithunzi. nezinto ezininzi ngokhuni bezisa evela kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo Indian.

Japan

izinto zasekhaya kunye nabantu Japanese Ainu yamandulo awayengabemi iziqithi Japanese ngamaxesha ababephila phambi kokubhalwa kwembali, zithiwe thaca kwi candelo lizwe LaseJapan ezizwe. ingqalelo Kuninzi ihlawulwe kumajelo Japanese ekulobeni nokuzingela. Lo mboniso iqulethe okuloba lenene kokuwiswa, neefolokhwe zamandulo, iminatha kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo izabatha, beza Kunstkammer kumaxesha ezikude, eminye imiboniso ngaphezu kwe-10 iminyaka eliwaka. Ngokwahlukeneyo ukubonwa isikrweqe kunye nezixhobo ze samurai Japanese. Kunstkamera eSt Petersburg yi amakrele samurai "Katana", ezo zidibene ngezinkempe ezincinane "kusungobu" sokuzibulala isiko - harakiri. Kukho kwakhona ngezinkempe isiko obhinqileyo, encinane kangangokuba azibonakali nkqu ngesandla ababhinqileyo, kodwa kunjalo bamthwala ukufa. Ngoko ke imela kwakukho umfazi ngokwaneleyo samurai clan yayichukumisa intamo; yaye yona iqhawuka.

China ne Mongolia

Kunstkamera - Museum, nto leyo ebonisa China njengelizwe of porcelain discoverers, isilika, kunye kwazo. iiseti antique China zizaliswe sesichengeni entle. iikomityi apha, abangabalekiyo iisosi, iimbiza ikofu, nezitya neswekile. Izitya eqokelelweyo kwaye yahlulwa ngokweempawu ngabafo njengoko indebe porcelain Umlimi elula nolungileyo enkulu ngokupheleleyo ezahlukeneyo. Lo mboniso osondeza cloisonne odumileyo Chinese, iimveliso ezenziwe ngethambo, namatye nemithi. silk Natural, ephothiweyo ngezandla nabaluki bamandulo na zatshintsha ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, kusesemini ezimibalabala. Indawo okhethekileyo umbukiso isipili-isifudumezi-manzi zesola. Esi sixhobo sele phantse zonke kwikhaya Chinese: nezipili ikhweyitha, amalungiselelo ukuze imitha yelanga eboniswe nezipili, wahlanganisela inyanda anqunyanyiswe ngeketile shushu.

Kunstkamera e St. Petersburg lo mboniso Mongolian, apho lo mboniso engundoqo a yurt - yokuhlala Nomad leyo isongwe naxa uthuthwa kwenye indawo. Ezi Iiyurt ziye zanda ukususela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XV. Of imivalo elide ngamaplanga ukuya wobhedu wakhonza undoqo, ngoko isakhelo slatted wambu babezizwa kunye ligate iintambo. Le yurt sasimi ngendlela yokuba emnyango bobuso ngezantsi. Beka udonga malunga nomnyango, oko ingqalelo ababekekileyo, yaye ngokuqhelekileyo wahlala iindwendwe abathandekayo. Ukongeza, isithuba engaphakathi yurt yahlulwe kubini ababhinqileyo kunye abangamadoda. Embindini khaya njengeziko, indawo njengento engcwele.

Mbuya ngokufuthi utshintshe indawo yabo yokuhlala, kwakudingeka ukuba beyifunela utyani iinkomo. Kwakhona eboniswayo izixhobo Mongolian zokulima, Izihlalo ihashe, eqinisa neengubo yamahashe.

Afrika

Kunstkamera - Museum, nayo leyo unalo igumbi eyahlulelwe ukuba kwilizwekazi le-Afrika. Inikeza imbali yabantu abantsundu ambalwa eminyaka eyadlulayo, kumzantsi weSahara Desert. Kukho izixhobo zokulima likumgangatho amakhuba ngomthi itsalwa iinkomo elilandelayo linikela izinto zemihla ngemihla ezinqabileyo, ayilwe ezenziwe nemisimbithi, yaba sisithabathaba.

Australia ne Oceania

Umboniso Australian ibandakanya ikakhulu izixhobo yokuloba kunye nezixhobo ukuzingela, awanyakazela ngayo bomthonyama ukuba badle esisesabo isonka. Abaninzi Australia ziye ngeendawo, neyeeperile zikhiwa ukusuka emgangathweni wolwandle. Ukuze benze oku, baba izixhobo ezizodwa, apho emelwe kulo mboniso.

Kunstkamera e St. Petersburg, imiboniso ngenxa abethunyiwe evela ehlabathini lonke, sanda ukuboniswa kwabo.