MANPADS "Igla": iimpawu, iifoto, izicelo

Kakade ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II ngenqwelomoya ukubusa yeqonga emfazwe akhethekileyo. Modern imisebenzi emikhulu emkhosini zihamba kunye ukusetyenziswa amakhulu moya, kuquka yaqonda. Ukuze simelane isoyikiso kweenkqubo umoya kusetyenziswa umoya zokhuselo enomjukujelwa zokhuselo, apho ezahlukeneyo esababalwa ngazo kumgaqo amanyathelo, embindini olusebenzayo kunye neqondo ukuhamba. Kwiminyaka engama-70, i-yokhuselo lomoya eziphathwayo enkulu kangaka wearable eyenzelwe ukulwa ukuhlasela asethi Aviation Committe, okwangoku zimelwe ntaka ukuhlasela, moya, moya kuhlaselwa kunye UAVs.

On the Army Russian ibandakanya MANPADS "Igla". Esi sixhobo has a kahle eliphezulu, kungqinwe kumava ukulwa ukusetyenziswa (okwangoku kuphela imikhosi amazwe), kulula ukuyisebenzisa,, ubungakanani ethembekileyo omncinane kunye nobunzima.

MANPADS kwi USSR

Development kweenkqubo zangaphakathi anti-moya enomjukujelwa kunye ukukwazi kusungula projectile ngqo ukusuka emagxeni yaqala kwi USSR kwangaphambili. Kwisiqingatha sesibini 60s nomkhosi linazo zombini iindidi inkqubo enomjukujelwa yokhuselo umoya eziphathwayo ( "Arrow" yaye "Arrow-2"). Esi sixhobo waba izinto ezininzi, phakathi kwazo zezi:

- ukubonakala ngequbuliso iinkqubo zokhuselo moya kwimimandla apho uziva moya utshaba phambi usongo;

- ukukwazi ukubetha iithagethi kwi amade kakhulu (over-4 km) kunye nobude ehambisana loo apho kaninzi ukuba "ukusebenza" emhlabeni moya ekujoliswe ukuhlasela ( "Skyhawk", "phantom" okanye "Skayrayder") - ukususela 1500 ukuya kwiimitha 3000;

- nokwehliswa ngokukhawuleza kwindawo efakwe;

- isicelo elula kunye nokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi, kuquka kwamanye amazwe;

- i compactness isihlobo;

- lula ngokunxulumene neemeko zokugcina kunye zokuhamba.

Nangona lupwa eliphezulu iimpawu ezinye amaxesha emibi, kuba apho iingcaphephe zomkhosi wagxeka MANPADS "Strela". "Enalitini" yenzelwe kanye ukuze koyiswe iingxaki.

Beat nje emva, nakubo

Eyona ethile engundoqo "Utolo" waba ukukwazi kwabo ukubetha iithagethi emva kokuba uqhubeke ukuba ukuzimela emva into. Ngokuqhelekileyo-moya umbandezeli ukubulawa ngokudutyulwa phantsi kuphela emva ekusebenziseni iziqhushumbisi okanye imizili ivolibholi. Kakade ke, "ukuziphindezelela 'imikhosi elikhuselayo ababekuso ukuba gunners anti-moya ngokwabo basinda. "Ogobele" akwazi ukubetha ukusukela, kwaye umkhosi ifuna izixhobo okunokuthi hit iinqwelomoya bahlaselayo buchasene, nabacinga umonakalo ezinokwenzeka.

Kwezinye iimeko, usebenzisa i element ngumothuko, kwaba lula ukuphumelela nangona leli phutha yoyilo - "ukubamba" utshaba ebangela ngesibetho enenkohliso overflying moya, wahlala zifihlakele. Ngoko ke ngo-1969, imikhosi zaseYiputa kakhulu wasebenzisa eziphathwayo ezintsonkothileyo "Strela-2" kwa "phantom", usebenza kwi undizela asezantsi kakhulu, ukubulala ezintandathu kubo ngosuku. Ke utshaba uyakwazi ukufunda, ngokukhawuleza kangangokuba ukusebenza MANPADS Soviet nqabile, nangona iinzuzo zabo kusekho engathethekiyo. Aba nempembelelo zengqondo, atsho bandisa utshaba basoloko bephithizela ukuqala kuncinci ukuya phezulu ezinkulu, zange bazive bekhuselekile. Kodwa ke kuyimfuneko ukuba sifuna izakhono zobugcisa ukuhlangabezana nesingqi, kunokuba emva.

umsebenzi kaRhulumente SP yoyiswe

Enye engxakini eyayi "Utolo" kwaye wafuna ukuba siphephe bemeko- MANPADS "Igla", yaba ukunqongophala iziqhushumbisi intloko amandla edabini. Asingabo bonke ukushaya ekujoliswe ukuqinisekisa intshabalalo yayo yaye zenze umonakalo omkhulu. stormtroopers amandla bayavuswa, amanzi esatsiba apho indulumbane imijukujelwa kunye isikhokelo intloko thermal, ezenziwe ngezinto into enokumelana iziphumo aphezulu thermal kwaye baric, kunye moya BENDISOLOKO nethuba lokubuyela kwisiseko zabo, uze kulungisa kwakhona usongo. Miseka kunye nefuthe 'usaba "i-jet umlambo iliza kunye izinto umonakalo. Nale kuyafuneka ukuba wenze into ethile.

Ngo-1971, urhulumente waseSoviet wagqiba ukuseka kwisakhiwo esitsha, ukukwazi kulwa kakhulu mihla phambili ngelo xesha ngokusebenzisa yokuhlasela air kwinqanaba Committe, leyo inokuba esilutshaba enokubakho. Kolomenskoye yoyilo lobunjineli bureau ukuba inkampani engumzali, umsebenzi enxulumene eyenziwa ngamanye imibutho (CDB Izixhobo, Research Institute of izixhobo zokulinganisa kunye iLeningrad ngumbutho Lomo). Inkokeli ezingundoqo ezintsha le ephuhliswe kakhulu ngokwendalo waba Academician SP yoyiswe. Le isixhobo esitsha ngokuba MANPADS "Igla". Ezona mpawu (isantya wetekeni, kwaye linokuba yentshabalalo ubude) kufuneka, ngokutsho isicelo kurhulumente, ngokuphawulekayo outperformed "Utolo-3 '(ukuguqulwa yokugqibela).

Igqugula ngobuqili

Kwijelo ingundoqo zijolise imijukujelwa anti-moya iye babeshiywe ingqalelo nolophu umkhondo injini ekhohlo-moya. Le ndlela yokumisela ulwalathiso projectile yayilula, kodwa waba iimpazamo ezinzulu. Ngoko nangoko emva kokuba iimeko yokuqala lokusetyenziswa olusebenzayo moya nxamnye izixhobo wabonakala eyenzelwe ukulahlekisa iinkqubo radar thermal zimela Pyrocartridges ihlumelo ukuba ukudala ekujoliswe lobuxoki. Kwaba ke isigqibo sokuxhobisa MANPADS "Igla" ezimbini-channel infrared intloko ukhokelo, ifakwe photodetectors. Ukuphuhliswa kwenkqubo ukuba ukwahlula phakathi moya bokwenyani thermal bubushushu chaza "izabatha", walibala extra iminyaka esixhenxe, kodwa aluphumelelanga. Kwaba wobugcisa nzima, kwanele nje ukukhankanya ukuba photodetector iphambili emva kokuba uguqulelo projectile kwisikhundla ukudutyulwa lupholisiwe ukuya kwiqondo eliphantsi kakhulu kufutshane zero ingundoqo (-200 ° C). Ngenxa yezi nzame, inkqubo oluzenzekelayo, baxhotyiswa logic, athelekise ukufundwa of nabenzi boluvo ezimbini. Ukuba inqanaba uphawu channel ezongezelelweyo lingaphantsi emhlabeni, injongo luchazwa ephazamisayo, kwaye zokuphanda wenziwe yonke imihla rocket akayi kubona into lokwenyaniso.

Kukho omnye umbuzo zobugcisa ebalulekileyo isisombululo iye yenyuka kakhulu wokulwa ukusebenza MANPADS "Igla". moya ukuhlasela survivability iimpawu Advanced zixhomekeka kwindawo zoqhagamshelwano kunye projectile, kwaye umlomo - ayikho ofezekileyo, ngoko algorithm sokukhomba inika ukhetho ezongezelelweyo, ngokubonelela kutshintshwe indlela kumda wesangqa ye irula (ukujikeleza ngokupheleleyo) kwisigaba sokugqibela isikhokelo ukuze shot hit the fuselage. Ukuze wenze oku kushenxa kwi isakhiwo iqokobhe inika thrusters ezongezelelweyo.

inkqubo isikhokelo iifyuzi

KB Engineers ngandlela zonke wazama ukunciphisa ubunzima zakhiwo eziphathwayo "Igla". MANPADS na isixhobo ngokwengqiqo compact, oko yenzelwe ukusetyenziswa lijoni elinye. into uqhushumbiso Mass eziqulethwe kwicandelo lupwa rocket, iyafana nje "ezinegalelo" (1170 g), kodwa amandla amandla alo (explosive material) iphezulu kakhulu. Ukongeza, ukuba isisombululo kakhulu ubhalo yaba ukusebenzisa amafutha ezingasetyenziswanga njengoko kumandla ezongezelelweyo iyabulala, nto leyo isixhobo eyodwa ebizwa ngokuba uqhushululu generator. Akuboni le yokuqhumisa kubangelwa yi ukujongelwa phantsi intlawulo ezingundoqo futhi kuthabatha indlela olucothayo kakhulu sokutshisa amafutha kwindawo imichiza abasabela lwephanyazo ye igcwala kunye nokukhululwa eninzi amandla. Lokufaka ingqiqo yokulwela ezimbini: qha (owenziwe ukudibana ngqo) kunye yoqheliso (ulungiso ngemagnethi intsimi distance ekujoliswe). uhlobo BLT - phezulu-Uyadubula.

izixhobo jikelele kunye nezixhobo

MPADS "yenaliti" njengezinye izakhiwo eziphathwayo kwinqanaba Committe VOP yi isindululi tube apho isivalo enomjukujelwa, ngesiphatho ergonomic. Ukuba ahambe enomjukujelwa ayikwazanga kunokwenzakalisa shooter, inkqubo yokuqala yahlulwe nezigaba ezibini. Ekuqaleni, ngoko nangoko emva kokuba uqalile okanye ipoti ye-iimbumbulu, enomjukujelwa ejection kwenzeka ukusuka Umphanda esebenzisa ntlawulo ephantsi kakhulu-amandla. Emva kwiimitha ezimbalwa ukusuka flight laser umqadi yokuqalisa wamqalisa wenza esisiseko (basafunda) loMthetho propellant eqinileyo. Ngelo xesha linye i lock isusiwe kwinqanaba lokuqala, ukuvimbela intloko dubulo ngengozi. Ekugqibeleni umjukujelwa ekulweni imeko emva kwemizuzwana embalwa, zibhabha iimitha ezingama-250.

Ngaphandle ityhubhu ngokusesikweni equlathe 9P322 irula nokuba ukusetyenziswa enye mveliso, MPADS kit "Enalitini" mayixhotyiswe umnyele (9P519-1) ukusuka 1L14 imibuzo (kuyabiza kunye nezintsonkothileyo, inokusetyenziswa amaxesha amaninzi) kunye tablet 1L15-1 (for nokukhawulezisa ukutshintshisana ngolwazi yokusebenza imeko lezendlela).

Ukuze isicelo iqela liya kufuna yokuhlola mobile. Ukukhangela inkqubo serviceability kunye nolawulo iphuhlise isethi okhethekileyo KPS.

Loo "Igla-1" ilifa "Strela"

Kwisiqingatha sesibini yoma kunye beqonga kunye ngumthengi kuye kwacaca ukuba ngexesha elifanelekileyo Kolomenskoye umatshini-ukwakha iziko xa inganeli. Ulibaziseko ibangela ukulibaziseka nophuhliso lweemveliso 9E140 (homing). Zahamba kakuhle ukuba entsonkothileyo kakhulu, indalo yayo sikhatshwa iingxaki ezininzi. Umjukujelwa kwaba lilungile. Ukuze kukhawuleziswe ukuhamba bebekwisampulu yiSoviet Army kunye nokuququzelela nokwenziwa ngakumbi ubugcisa obutsha, kwagqitywa ekubeni phakathi. MANPADS "Igla-1", eyamkelwe yiKhomishoni nguRhulumente ngowe-1978, yafakwa nge okukodwa-channel GSN ngu "Arrows". Xa oku kwisakhiwo esitsha hlukile ukwanda isigxina amandla kunye neempawu ngcono kakhulu lobuchule (Linyuke ku 5.2 km radius isicelo, oko kukuthi iinjongo sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi counterpropagating kunokwenzeka). uvavanyo Ngowe-1982, ekugqibeleni zaye zagqitywa ezimbili-channel homing, kuqhuba inkqubo entsha umoya ephathwayo ukuziphendulela ngaphambili, ebizwa MANPADS "Igla-2."

Ukulungiswa "Enalitini" "A", "H" yaye "C"

Complex ebizwa yesikhumbuzo nzima ubude sungula ithumbu-1 m 70 cm - avareji ukuphakama kwabantu. Ingakumbi izichaso embi evela paratroopers baqalisa ufuna compact ngakumbi. Special sinciphile "Yokhozi" wadalwa kubo. MANPADS kwi sikhundla esongiweyo mfutshane yi-60 cm.

Ukulungisa i "H" luphawulwa yintloko brisant umthamo omkhulu. Lo msebenzi mnye nalo uphawu nenguqulelo sesithathu zakhiwo, wafumana isalathisi "C". Kodwa ukongeza ngakumbi nokuqhekeka warhead ophezulu-umonakalo, umjukujelwa unalo fuse elikabini (kubandakanywa licwecwe) kunye nomnye umgangatho ebalulekileyo, ngenxa apho icebo ukuze ngokuba. "C" - elithetha "yokusonga", kwindawo yothutho - kwisiqingatha.

iimpawu

MANPADS TTX "Igla 'umxhelo kwaye ziyahambelana neemfuno zenkulungwane xxi ngokukhawuleza. isantya rocket endleleni eya injongo - ezingaphezu kwama-2100 km / h. Kumgama 5200 m-moya okanye ntaka, ebhabhela ngesantya ukuya ku-1150 km / h undizela ukuya ku-2500 m wambetha emva yindlela 63%.

Xa zokudubula buchasene isantya ekujoliswe anokuba phezulu ukuya ku 1300 km / h. Ukutshintshelwa isithuthi zikwimeko ekulweni entsonkothileyo eziphathwayo kunokuba kuba nje imizuzwana 13.

Onke la manani ezomileyo kuvula amathuba kakhulu, nto leyo eye joni nje omnye, bexhobile, kunye 9K38 MANPADS "Igla". Yena uyakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezinto ezisezantsi-eziphaphazelayo, ezifana ntaka yokuhlasela kunye imijukujelwa cruise, ezo ngenxa flatness ye isikhokelo zinobungozi kakhulu amajoni emhlabeni.

Ngaphaya koko, inkqubo yolawulo uyakwazi ukwahlula nobutshaba moya Bulelani kwinkqubo ukuqondwa emanyanisiweyo "umhlobo okanye utshaba".

amagama akhetekileyo ufanelwe kunye lula kokusebenzisa MANPADS "Igla". Ukulwa yemiyalezo ayiqulathanga zingenziwa inani elikhulu lamanqaku ukuqala nasiphi na isikhundla, kubandakanywa kwi kwibhodi imoto ihamba. Xa umqhubi sele ufumene ithagethi, yena ukuqala ukuthumela kuyiwe into, iqhosha lokutyhala "Qala". Okulandelayo, yonke into eyenzeka nje lemizuzwana, ihlala kuphela esweni flight rocket, ukuba oko kukuthi, Kakade ke, kukho ixesha.

amava isicelo

Xa imikhosi kumazwe angaphezu kwama ezine elinesibini is a anti-moya inkqubo MANPADS eziphathwayo "Igla". isicelo zawo imikhosi Iraq ngo-1991 ukuba ilahleko-moya ezininzi Air Force angalawuliyo ukuba iye yabonisa ukusebenza aphezulu olu hlobo izixhobo Russian, nkqu ingcinezelo phantse ngokupheleleyo zokhuselo lomoya kunye nomoya ubukhulu umhlaseli. Kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini edlulileyo kwindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi kwakukho ungquzulwano ezininzi oxhobileyo neemfazwe. Abaninzi kubo olunye okanye kwelinye icala kusetyenziswa MANPADS "Igla". vukela Photo kunye namajoni karhulumente "iityhubhu" imifuziselo, kwakunye umonakalo kunye nokonakaliswa moya zibonisa amandla ebulalayo yale yokuzikhusela lincinane umoya.

Kwimbali post-yiSoviet ye ukuthandwa "yenaliti" ongandiphikisa mhlawumbi ukuba odumileyo "Kalashnikov". Ayayiqonda kakuhle le mvumelwano yokugqibela enkulu unikezelo yintlama enkulu yezi kwizakhiwo ukuze Malaysian Armed Forces. Ukuphuculwa kwenkqubo yoyilo, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni ukwanda kweekhilomitha ezintandathu radius ukulwa ukusetyenziswa "iinaliti" zolungiso "Super". Ezi MANPADS, kwakunye entsha, nje ngeziyimfihlo kodwa iisampulu ziya rearmed ngokupheleleyo umkhosi Russian kwixa elizayo.