Theory yemvelaphi ye Lombroso

EzinjengoCesare Lombroso yenye yengqondo edume kakhulu futhi zolwaphulo Italy. Nangona abanye bakholelwa ezifunyanisiweyo zayo zophando oluthandabuzekayo, Lombroso ithathwa umseki imikhwa yabantu in wolwaphulo mthetho.

Student minyaka yezifundo

EzinjengoCesare Lombroso wazalwa ngo-1835 kwisixeko Italian ka Verona. Emva kokugqiba kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo Lombroso waqalisa izifundo zakhe kwiYunivesithi Pavia, apho waba nomdla ngakumbi yabantu, neurophysiology kunye zengqondo. Ootitshala wayemthanda umfundi of Lombroso - ke leyo endandiyikhuthalela kunene, ukuzibandakanya kuphela lwenkqubo, kodwa ixesha. Ukuze siqonde ngcono umahluko phakathi kwamaqela eentlanga ezinjengoCesare waqala ukufundisa iilwimi zasemzini - Chinese kunye nesi. Kamva, Noko ke, wakhetha ngendlela eyahlukileyo kancinane apho ihlabathi yaziwa theory yemvelaphi ye ezinjengoCesare Lombroso.

Amava esitokisini

Kwiminyaka eli-18, Lombroso ngasemva nemivalo, njengoko inxaxheba kwi intshukumo ngenxa lokumanywa Italy waza wafumana umrhanelwa kwi iyelenqe nxamnye norhulumente. Student kwakhululwa ixesha olude elifutshane: akazange eziliqela amatyala zemfundo. Kodwa ke ukuhlala egumbini wenza yahlala ezingqondweni kuye. Lo mfana wamangaliswa yindlela krwada ziziphatha cellmates bakhe, yaye yintoni iimpawu ezinawo. EzinjengoCesare nokuba barhanela ukuba aba bantu ukuze eve cretinism. Theory swigevenga Lombroso kunye ingcamango yokuba indalo wayo baze kufika umphandi kweli xesha ibuhlungu ebomini bakhe.

Ukulinganiswa kwabaphuli ngamnye: amava azuzwe usebenzisa kaniografa

Kwiminyaka 27, Lombroso yaba lilungu le mvukelo ethandwayo, walwela inkululeko yabantu bakhe Austria. Emva kokuba revolution baphela ngokoyiswa abavukeli, Lombroso waqhubeka nomsebenzi wayo kwiyunithi - ngoku nje ugqirha yasemkhosini. Ngeli xesha, kwakhona kudala isixhobo zayo bokwakha ukuba ikhombe mthetho. Kaniograf, eyasetyenziswa komphandi ukulinganisa impumlo, isilevu nebunzi orhanelwa yeziphoso ezininzi, umphandi akasishiyanga usuku olulodwa.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, wawuqokelela eninzi data elafika kuye ingcamango ezingalindelekanga, leyo oxhasa yonke imfundiso Lombroso. Le Isazinzulu bacinga ukuba xa abaphuli akunjalo, yaye bazalwa? Ngapha koko, ngokutsho Scientist, nobunjubaqa le "ilifa" womntu, yena njengelifa kwizilwanyana.

Ngokwabo izaphuli-mthetho, Lombroso wakholwa, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe okhubazekileyo ngengqondo, okanye bazale - oku yeyona ndawo iphambili, leyo yayisekelwe kwithiyori Lombroso. Iintlobo-mthetho ezichongiweyo ngumphandi iingcombolo zangaphandle. Zonke abarhanelwa, ubuso Walinganisa Lombroso waba iimpawu ezazibangela khangela ngathi ngabantu bakudala. ebunzini Low, imihlathi enkulu, close-amehlo - ezi imiqondiso, ngokutsho ngeziphumo izazinzulu uthambekele ukwaphula umthetho, ngabanye.

Lwandulelwe kakutsha ubuxoki, omashini abenziwe Lombroso

obubonakala ezibonakalayo utyekelo kwizenzo zolwaphulo-kungekhona nje angathabatheki uphando. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba izixhobo lokuqamba bamkela ethandwayo ngaphantsi lee imfundiso yabantu ka Lombroso. Le Isazinzulu liphuhlise umanduleli le kunegrafu mihla. Emva koko, le sixhobo ngokuba "gidrosfigmometr". Kunye wakhe wokusungula Lombroso Walinganisa ukubetha kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi phantsi yokuncina, ezama ukufumana phandle indlela ephilayo le mibuzo.

Ukuba sahlule msulwa-mthetho: yemifuniselo yokuqala kunye nesixhobo

Xa Lombroso wasebenzisa isixhobo kwakhe okokuqala ngexesha awayencinwa yena wazifumana ungumrhanelwa kwi ubusela. Ngexesha lodliwano-ndlebe ufundo lomvalelwa Akukho ezahlukeneyo ukusuka njengesiqhelo - umoni akubanga nayiphi na impendulo. Xa ebuzwa malunga nobuqhetseba kunye zokundwendwela angaphandle, lo kakutsha ubuxoki sokuqala utshintsho yemida. Kamva kwacaca ukuba ndlebe ngokwenene iqela ukuya Koluny.

Uvavanyo olulandelayo waba ungumrhanelwa kwelo tyala lokudlwengula. arhente zonyanzeliso ngumthetho wedolophu siqinisekile ukuba ababamba, ngokwenene, yinto pimp obuqhelekileyo. Kodwa xa umcuphi wambonisa umfanekiso omnye wamaxhoba, lo gidrosfigmometr wabonisa akukho lutshintsho umzimba umoni isityholo. Zonke umphandi iimpikiswano Lombroso nje waphakamisa - wayekholelwa ukuba ndlebe ndindisholo kakhulu izenzo zabo ukuba umvandedwa, ngathi nemvo ukoyika, bengazi kuye.

Emva koko ke wengqondo odumileyo wacebisa umrhanelwa ukusombulula ingxaki izibalo nzima, ukuze sifumanise ukuba oku kuyinyaniso. Xa lomvalelwa wabona msebenzi, ngoko nangoko isixhobo lukhangelwe nto - nto leyo ethetha ukuba iintlanga ukuba zinkwantye nguye kodwa eyaziwa. Kungekudala imfundiso Lombroso kuqinisekiswa - uphando lubonisa ngumtyholwa yokwenene, yaye umrhanelwa wayengazi indlela yokucombulula iingxaki, wakhululwa ngokufanelekileyo ngayo.

Ekubeni isixhobo lokuqamba ezinjengoCesare eqhaqhwe utshintsho olubalulekileyo. Kodwa uvulindlela kule endle unanamhla kucingwa ukuba abe criminologist Italian. Namhlanje, lo kunegrafu lisetyenziswa kuphela kwinkalo zokunyanzelisa umthetho, kodwa kwiinkampani ezininzi ezinkulu.

Ithiyori buchopho ezinjengoCesare Lombroso

Ngowe-1863 wabona ukukhanya incwadi edumileyo Lombroso kaThixo osihloko sithi "Genius kunye engqondweni." Wawusebenza njengesiseko kwengcaciso ngemveliso ziqokelelwe ngumphandi ngexesha esebenza kwikliniki abagula ngengqondo. Phantsi kokuhlolisisa Lombroso wajika ukuziphatha yesigulane, umsebenzi wabo, imixholo bakhetha ukuba imifanekiso okanye ushicilelo zabo. Izazinzulu uzama ukufumanisa ukuba uyakwazi kuzigweba zempilo yengqondo imisebenzi yakhe yendalo.

Ithiyori buchopho Lombroso kaThixo, nto leyo kwabunjwa ngokusekelwe nimana bakhe, ithi: izakhono zobugcisa lilifa - nokusuka ookhokho abakhubazeke ngengqondo. Emva Lombroso wenza izigqibo zabo, waqalisa ukukhangela uqinisekiso kwimbali yabo. Abaphandi baye baqala ukufunda ngabantu abathile zabantu abadumileyo bafika kwisigqibo sokuba abaninzi kuwo akakholwanga misebenzi kuphela, kodwa Uyageza. Phakathi kwawo ke kwakukho, umzekelo, onjengokaMozart abaqambi, uBeethoven, Gluck.

Imfundiso Lombroso ngokuphathelele ngqondi ngaleyo ndlela zibeke phezu kumgangatho ofanayo utyekelo bangonwabi kunye kwetalente. Enye yeengxoxo kwicala layo Lombroso bakholwa ukwandisa uvakalelo njengoko abagula ngengqondo, wawo. Umahluko phakathi kwezi meko zahluke kangaka mabini, ngokutsho sisazinzulu - xa yendlela abantu ukuba olujongwayo lubonwe. Omnye kwaye isiganeko omnye ngqondi ube umnyele xa kuvulwa, ngelixa bangonwabi - kubangele ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo ngakumbi.

theory yemvelaphi ye ezinjengoCesare Lombroso: amaJuda italente

Le umphandi bazibonela ngokwabo ubudlelwane umdla phakathi ubuzwe kunye nenani labantu abanetalente. Kwindawo yokuqala inani zombini buchopho kunye neurotics, bangamaYuda. Lombroso ucacisa le ndlela ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: amaJuda rhoqo batshutshiswa, ngoko ke ukhetho pretty enogonyamelo. Komphandi uphawula manani ilandelayo: Abantu 384 phakathi amaYuda kukho enye uphambene.

Abameli ubuKatolika, le into izihlandlo ezihlanu asezantsi. Kwakhona Lombroso wacinga ukuba yofuzo, ngokuchaseneyo imfundo ngumba buchopho. theory Lombroso kaThixo eziphilayo ixhaswa yi ezinye izizathu ezibangela nzulu. Ngokomzekelo, walatha into yokuba usapho yayidlala umculo ngu Bach izizukulwana 8 kunye nabantu-57 banandipha kuthandwa kweli candelo.