Ethanoic acid. Iipropati Physical, nokulungiselela kunye nokusetyenziswa

Ethanoic acid (elinye igama - acetic acid) - i kukho into ephilayo nto leyo ngokokwazi esisiseko kakhulu carboxylic acid. Yezabelo kwalo acid zibizwa ngokuba acetates. Esebenzisa le nto zingafumaneka ethanoic acid imethyl Ester: ethanal = + ethanoic acid methyl Ester.
Iipropati Physical ethanoic acid

1. ethanoic acid (ifomula - CH3COOH) yi ulwelo ngaphandle umbala kunye ivumba kunye incasa elibi ubumuncu.
2. hygroscopic. Ngamabona enyibilikayo emanzini.
3. ethanoic acid miscible kunye izinyibilikisi kakhulu. Kuhle iigesi ezinyibilikayo kunye khompawundi ezingaphiliyo ezifana HI (hydrogen iodide), HF (hydrogen fluoride), HBr (hydrogen bromide), HCl (zehydrochloric acid) kunye nabanye abaninzi.
4. Kukho njengoko kumgama owazisayo kunye dimers elibujikele.
5. abehla Heating ka-6.1.
6. ubushushu ngokwayo umoya degrees 454.
7. Iifom ethanoic acid azeotropes kunye carbon tetrachloride, benzene, cyclohexane, toluene, heptane, ethylbenzene, trichlorethylene, o-xylene, p-xylene kunye bromoforom.

Ethanoic acid ingafumaneka ngeendlela ezininzi:

1. Xa oxidizing acetaldehyde ne-oksijini emoyeni. Le nkqubo kunokwenzeka kuphela xa kukho ngumnxibelelanisi - acetate manganese kubushushu of izidanga ukusuka-50 ukuya kwama-60. Le abasabela ngayo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

2CH3CHO (acetaldehyde) + O2 (oksijini) = 2CH3COOH (ethanoic acid)

2. Le oxidative iindlela ezisetyenzisiweyo shishino. Ngaphambili for ethanoic acid igcwala of butane lalisetyenziswa kunye acetaldehyde.

Atsetilaldegid oxidized kuphela xa kukho acetate manganese ngamandla ephakamileyo kunye neqondo lobushushu. Isivuno ethanoic asidi malunga namashumi alithoba anesihlanu ekhulwini.

2CH3CHO + O2 = 2CH3COOH

N-butane iye oxidized kwiqondo lobushushu degrees 150 ukuya 200. Xa oku acetate ayibe kuvala.

2C4H10 + 5O2 = 4CH3COOH + 2H2O

Kodwa ngenxa ukonyuka kwamaxabiso e-oyile, zombini ezi ndlela lutho yaye kungekudala andigweqe yinkqubo ngakumbi kakuhle ukuba carbonylation of methanol.

3. carbonylation ekujonganeni ye methanol - yenye yeendlela ezibalulekileyo esiti yokuqaphela ethanoic. Oku kwenzeka equation enemiqathango:

CH3OH + CO = CH3COOH

4. Kukho kwakhona indlela zengqo- imveliso esebenzisa ubuchule ezincinane oxidize ethanol. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba Ukubila acetic. Xa oku kusetyenziswa njenge ekrwada izinto zolwelo Ester ethyl utywala okanye etanolosoderzhaschie ulwelo (incindi inegwele). Oku multi-step yinkqubo entsonkothileyo. It linokuchazwa yi i'quadratic kulandelayo:
CH3CH2OH (utywala kaEtere) + O2 (oksijini) = CH3COOH (ethanoic acid) + H2O
isicelo

- izisombululo ethanoic acid zolwelo esetyenziswa kwishishini yokutya, yokupheka kunye nokulondolozwa;

- ethanoic acid isetyenziswa ukwenza izinto odoriferous kunye neziyobisi (acetone, acetyl);

- ezisetyenziswa bokudaya kunye nokushicilelwa;

- njengolwimi kuvamile igcwala ezinye izinto eziphilayo (iperoksayidi yehidrojeni igcwala of sulfides);

- ukusukela bengababini acid ethanoic kufuneka ivumba elibi ezinevumba, oko izakusetyenziswa endaweni ammonia.