Ukungqinwa le ngcamango yokuzivelela, okanye atavism zakuqala homologous kunye ezifana imizimba

Zesayensi, ingcamango esisiseko umanyano kucingwa imvelaphi yobomi on Earth. Yaye ngoko kuvulwa, nto leyo esetyenziswa enye iifomu zawo, kunganxulunyaniswa bonke abanye. Ngenxa oku, endleleni, thina sasifunda imisebenzi emininzi amalungu zangaphakathi ze iindlela ukulungiselela unyango lwezifo ezinobungozi.

Imizekelo zezigqeba emeleneyo kunye homologous

Asikwazi, kunjalo, ezisekelwe phezu nomini kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni, ukuxuba homologous nemizimba efanayo. Befundisi isakhiwo esifanayo nokuphuhlisa nakhululeka kuzo iziqalelo ezifanayo osandul, akajiki kule umanyano imvelaphi (umzekelo, yalityatya ngokwamathambo-amanani, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo). Kodwa imizimba ezifanayo rhoqo enze umsebenzi ofanayo izilwanyana ezahlukeneyo luqale ezahlukeneyo.

Umzekelo oqhelekileyo Kwiimeko ezinjalo - iphiko. Kungenxa e izinambuzane, iintaka kunye wenza umsebenzi efanayo. Kodwa izinambuzane - it lunamaqoqo ngechitin phezu umhlana, neentaka - ngemilenze, ukutshintsha inkqubo zazivelela. Ukufana efanayo singa zotywa phakathi iigilizi kwi le ezidla oohlabamanzi kunye nentlanzi.

linokuchazwa kwakhona emehlweni omntu lowo kunye ngwane njengoko ngamaqumrhu efanayo. Nangona zifana, ukuba ngenene
Zahluke kubume. Le lens Iliso lomntu Iqinisekile, kwaye iliso ngokwayo izalelwe le rudiment ebuchotsheni. Ngoxa amalungu ezibonwayo ngwane - Ukwakheka kwesigubungelo yomzimba, apho lens ilens lisondela okanye ihamba kude ukusuka retina kukhokelela le into ingqalelo wenkomo, ukuba ugxininiso echanekileyo.

Imizekelo mfanekiso ngazo phakathi ngombala ezifana haemoglobin kunye hemocyanin. Ewe ngokulinganayo mpilo, kodwa isakhiwo lwabo molecule na umahluko omkhulu.

zakuqala

Ngendlela yaso it qinisekisa ingcamango ngemvelaphi yobomi atavism kunye zakuqala.

Aba bamva ziquka, njengoko umthetho, abasemagunyeni musa azalisekise imisebenzi yawo yokuqala, baphulukene oko ngexesha zazivelela. Kodwa engamelanga ithathwe njenge ndingento yanto zonke imizila. Bathi nje rhoqo ukwenza izinto ezingabalulekanga.

Umzekelo, amaphiko njengenciniba inokuchazwa amalungu oludala, kuba abakwazi ukumelana umsebenzi ophambili Iphiko ntaka, kwaye asetyenziswe ukuba nomtsalane iimazi kunye nokugcina kwemithwalo ibaleka. Ngoko ke, ukuntsonkotha ubume umzimba ayanelanga ukuba ukuthomalalisa imisebenzi yakhe. Lo ngumqondiso rudiment.

Kodwa ke iphiko ipenguin kuthathelwa ingqalelo ngolo hlobo, ekubeni lenza umsebenzi kakhulu ezintsonkothileyo njengoko ephikweni.

Yi niguqukele kwiziqalelo ziquka iliso kunye nolovane nolovane nempuku, nto leyo mhlawumbi musa kubona nantoni na, okanye ukwahlula kuphela ukukhanya nobumnyama.

Xa abantu, oku luphawu unalo omqolo caudal, imisipha ukuba Siye sanceda ookhokho bethu ekukhuliseni iinwele ekupheleni, kunye nezihlunu ngenxa wiggling iindlebe. Wonke umntu uqhelene nenye into enento yabantu - umhlehlo le cecum (isihlomelo).

atavism

Xa show iimpawu ngamnye ngokuqhelekileyo izinyanya zakhe ezikude - oku kubizwa ngokuba atavism. Umzekelo, ukuvela abanye abantu nonwele umzimba eqinileyo okanye isibini engaphezulu webele, nomhlehlo caudal ku amaphiko yabantu okanye ngasemva njengedolphin.

atavisms Nesihlo kungachazwa bubukho zofuzo ezibangela ukuba usikhokele-DNA. Kodwa azisayi kusebenza, ekubeni amanyathelo kwabo bacinezelwa kwezinye yemfuza.

Homologous nemizimba ezifanayo, kwaye zakuqala atavism - konke oku bubungqina ecacileyo ubunye imvelaphi ezihlala Emhlabeni ophilileyo.