Indlela ukuthelekisa amaxabiso: inyathelo imiyalelo step. Yiyiphi imilinganiselo onokuthelekiswa: imizekelo

Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, abantu abanomdla kakhulu kwi umbuzo nto ndlela ingcono ukuthelekisa amaxabiso ezivakaliswe amaxabiso ezahlukeneyo. Kwaye akukho ukwazi nje zendalo. Man impucuko yamandulo Umhlaba wayinika kakhulu elinzima nje eluncedo. ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo emhlabeni, amisele ubunzima imveliso kwi kwimarike, kufuneka ubale umlinganiselo kwempahla e unaniselwano, ukumisela isantya esichanekileyo iidiliya ngethuba lokuvuna iwayini - ezi nje inxalenye encinane lwemisebenzi ngokufuthi wabonakala ubomi sele nzima ookhokho bethu. Ngoko ke, lo kakubi ufundile abantu abangafundanga ukuthelekisa, ukuba kuyimfuneko, imilinganiselo walandela icebiso akanye abanamava ngakumbi, yaye ngokufuthi ukuba bathathe imbuyekezo efanelekileyo kule nkonzo, kwaye kuhle kakhulu, endleleni.

Yintoni ufaniswe

Ekuhambeni kwexesha lethu, lo msebenzi ukwanikwa indima enkulu ekufundeni kwiisayensi ngqo. Wonke, Kakade ke, siyazi ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuthelekisa ixabiso eyohlobo olulodwa, okt ama-apile - apile kunye beet - kunye beetroot. Nabani na kwaye ngeke zama ukuvakalisa Celsius ngeekhilomitha okanye eekhilogram e decibels, kodwa izikhwenene ubude Boa siyazi ukususela ebuntwaneni (abo musa khumbula, kwenye Boa - 38 izikhwenene). Nangona izikhwenene, kakhulu, yahlukile, kwaye eneneni ubude Boa ziya kwahluka ngokuxhomekeke zenyathi parrot, kodwa ke ezi iinkcukacha apho sizama ukuqonda.

dimensionality

Xa lo msebenzi: "Thelekisa amaxabiso" kufuneka ezo amaxabiso efanayo kukhokelela zifana, obubonakaliswa amaxabiso okufanayo lula yokuthelekisa. Kucacile ukuba ukuze ukuthelekisa ixabiso, ochazwa iikhilogram ezinexabiso ezivakaliswe centners okanye iitoni, abaninzi kuthi apha iwayini. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izixa yohlobo olunye enokuthi iyakubonakaliswa imilinganiselo ezahlukahlukeneyo yaye, ngaphezu koko, kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo yokulinganisa. Zama, umzekelo, uthelekise imilinganiselo viscosity kinematic ukufumana ukuba yeyiphi na ulwelo viscous kakhulu cSt kunye square metres ngomzuzu. Ayikasebenzi? Kanjalo musani. Ukuze wenze oku, amaxabiso omabini angu zibonise izinto ezifanayo, kwaye sele kwi ixabiso lenani ukumisela ukuba ngowuphi kubo obuphakamileyo kumdlali welinye icala.

inkqubo wakuqonda

Ukuze uqonde ukuba yintoni Amaxabiso onokuthelekiswa, zama ukukhumbula inkqubo womlinganiselo ekhoyo. Ukuze nokwandisa kukhawuleziswe inkqubo iyihlawule 1875, amazwe elinesixhenxe (kubandakanywa eRashiya, eUnited States, Germany kunye nabanye.) Ngaba mayisayinwe Convention Meter yaye wazimisela inkqubo metric. Ukuphuhlisa nokubethelela imigangatho imitha kunye nekhilogram yasekwa iKomiti International for nobuNzima Measures, kwaye eParis, ukuxhobisa i-International Bureau of nobuNzima Measures. Le nkqubo yaguquka yaba sisiCwangciso-International System of Units, SI. Okwangoku, le nkqubo iye yasetyenziswa ngamazwe amaninzi kakhulu kwinkalo becomputing yobugcisa, kubandakanywa ezo kumazwe apho ezisetyenziswa kubomi bemihla ngemihla ngokwemveli kuzwelonke eziphathekayo (ezifana ne-United States kunye England).

GHS

Noko ke, ngaxeshanye kunye nemigangatho reference eqhelekileyo ukuphuhlisa enye inkqubo, CGS ngaphantsi lula (sentimitha-gram-yesibini). It yaphakanyiswa ngo-1832 yi-German yamachiza GAUSS, kwaye ngo-1874 zaphuculwa uMaxwell no Thompson, ikakhulu kummandla electrodynamics. Ngo-1889 kwathiwa wanikelwa inkqubo lula ngakumbi MKS (imitha-kilogram-yesibini). Uthelekiso ngobukhulu inani imitha kunye iinjineli kilogram zibelula ngaphezu ukusetyenziswa avela (centi-, milli-, zenzayo et al.). Noko ke, le nto iye akafunyanelwanga omkhulu impendulo kwiintliziyo abo kulungiselwe bona lona. Ehlabathini lonke, ngokusebenzayo yaye kusetyenziswa inkqubo metric, ngoko ke izibalo eyenziwa yi-GHS ngaphantsi yaye ngaphantsi, emva 1960, kunye nokuqaliswa kwenkqubo SI, GHS kwaye phantse bawela yayekwa. Okwangoku GHS eneneni isicelo ufundisa kuphela xa ngokubala ubucukubhede sethiyori yokuma, uze emva koko ngenxa imithetho elula ifomu ukurekhodwa electromagnetism.

Inyathelo ngu step guide

Makhe sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha umzekelo. Masithi ingxaki: "Uyakwazi thelekisa ixabiso iitoni 25 19570 kg nayiphi na ngakumbi.?" Yintoni ofanele uyenze into yokuqala kukuba ukuqonda oko uyayixabisa amaxabiso anikiweyo thina. Ngoko ke, ixabiso lokuqala siye zinikwe tonnes, kwaye eyesibini - ngeekhilogram. Kulo inyathelo lesibini, sihlole ukuba akuzami ukuba ufake umsebenzi abacwangcisi ukudideka, uzama ukufumana ukuthelekisa amaxabiso ezingafani. Kukho kwakhona emisebenzi-izabatha, ingakumbi uvavanyo ngokukhawuleza, apho impendulo yombuzo ngamnye unikwa imizuzwana 20-30. Njengoko ubona, amaxabiso a uniform: ngeekhilogram kunye tonnes siye balinganisa ubunzima kunye umzimba ubunzima, ngoko ke uvavanyo lwesibini zipaswe iziphumo ezidibanisayo. Inyathelo lesithathu, ukuguqulela iikhilogram ukuya ton, okanye, icala, a ton - ngeekhilogram kuba lula yokuthelekisa. In lwalo lokuqala ajike 25 no 19,57 iitoni, yaye okwesibini: 25 000 19 570 kg. Kwaye ngoku unako kunye noxolo lwengqondo lokuthelekisa amaxabiso zala maxabiso. Njengoko zibonakala ngokucacileyo, ixabiso lokuqala (25 m) kuwo omabini la macala obungaphezu yesibini (19 570 kg).

igcina

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, iimvavanyo mihla iqulethe eninzi umsebenzi-RAS. Oku akuthethi kuthi silandelwe umsebenzi wethu, abe sisibatha inokuba kakhulu engeyongozi ngenkangeleko mbuzo, ingakumbi leyo ecela impendulo esengqiqweni. Nangona kunjalo, lo perfidy, njengoko umthetho, na iinkcukacha, okanye ezincinane encinane abaqulunqi yomsebenzi bazama ngandlela zonke ukwenza. Umzekelo, endaweni eziqhelekileyo kwakho iingxaki zezikhali kunye kuqulunqo lo mbuzo: "Thelekisa ixabiso apho kunokwenzeka" - abaqulunqi zeemvavanyo angacela nje ukuba uthelekise ezi zithethe ukhethe amaxabiso ngokwabo efana ngokumangalisayo omnye komnye. Umzekelo, kg * m / s kunye ² m / s ^2. Kwimeko yokuqala ngayo ungamandla ebambeleyo phezu kwento (Newtons), kwaye eyesibini - yokunyusa umzimba, okanye m / s kunye ² m / s apho uya kucelwa ukuba ukuthelekisa yokunyusa isantya lomzimba, oko kukuthi amaxabiso ezingafani ngokupheleleyo.

uthelekiso complex

Noko ke, ngokufuthi imisebenzi zikhokelela amaxabiso amabini, ngamazwi kuphela iiyunithi ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo yokubala, kodwa eyahlukileyo kwakhona enye kwenye kwi-nkcukacha ze intsingiselo ebonakalayo. Umzekelo, kwingxelo yengxaki isithi: "Thelekisa imilinganiselo viscosity enezinto kinematic ukufumana ukuba yeyiphi na kulwelo viscous ngakumbi." Iinqobo ze viscosity kinematic zinikwe units SI, oko kukuthi, m ² / s, kwaye olutshintshatshintshayo - i-GHS, oko kukuthi, ngokulula. Kufuneka wenze ntoni kule meko?

Ukusombulula ezi ngxaki, ungasebenzisa le miyalelo ilapha ngentla kunye isongezelelo omncinane. Thina imisele ukuba yeyiphi iinkqubo ziya kusebenza: makube inkqubo SI, kuxhaphakile phakathi iinjineli. Inyathelo lesibini, nathi khangela kwakhona kwaye ubone ukuba i mgibe? Kodwa kulo mzekelo, kakhulu, yonke into uhlambulukile. Thina thelekisa ulwelo ezimbini parameter le zochuku lwangaphakathi (viscosity), kunjalo amaxabiso omabini angu eyohlobo olulodwa. Inyathelo lesithathu wokuguqulela le viscosity onamandla of ngokulula ku Pascal-yesibini, apho kwiiyunithi ngokufanayo le nkqubo SI. Ngaphezu koko ukuguqulela i viscosity kinematic ngendlela onamandla, phinda oku ngenani gnokokungqinelana ingxinano engamanzi (ixabiso itheyibhile) nokuthelekisa iziphumo ezifunyenweyo.

ngaphandle kwenkqubo

Kukho kwakhona lasi non-SI, okt iiyunithi ezingaqukwanga SI, kodwa ngokutsho iziphumo wokuhlangana izigqibo INkomfa Jikelele malunga nobuNzima Measures (GKVM), esebenzayo ukusetyenziswa kunye SI. Thelekisa ezi amaxabiso omnye komnye kuphela xa ebakhuthaza ukuba a kusho umgangatho SI eqhelekileyo. Ngaphandle le nkqubo iquka iiyunithi ezifana kule setyhula, iyure, imini, ilitha, volts electron, node ha, bar, Angstrom, kunye nabanye abaninzi.