Ekufundiseni, ukuyilwa - yinkqubo lokuba umntu. Iindlela ukubunjwa collective kunye ngamnye pedagogy

Le pedagogy wesiseko - libe nefuthe elibonakalayo kwi umfundi okanye umfundi, kwenziwa ngutitshala ukudala iimeko ezithile, nto leyo negalelo ukuvela iimpawu ezintsha zokufunda, ulwazi kunye nezakhono. Noko ke, le nkcazo akuwedwa. Kwakhona, ukwakheka yinkqubo yokuba umntu (kulo mzekelo - umfundi) phantsi kwempembelelo imiba ngentla. Noko ke, ekubeni isihloko malunga pedagogy ngqo, yi tamele ezincinane ebalulekileyo, kubalulekile ukuba siqwalasele ngokweenkcukacha.

Ingxaki engundoqo

Okokuqala kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba ukuyilwa pedagogy - yenye yezona ngongoma zibalulekileyo. Yiloo nto ke ingxaki engundoqo yonke kwisigaba ngokubanzi. Emva ukufundisa imisebenzi nje kuphela ejoliswe familiarizing abafundi kunye nesifundo ubanike ulwazi oluphathelene yayo. Ootitshala kuchaphazela ukuyilwa ubuntu nganye abafundi. Kananjalo kubanceda ukuba baqonde baze boyise spontaneity ngayo abaninzi kubo abakweli yokuqala ngexesha loqeqesho.

Xa inkqubo ukuyilwa umntu, kukho imibuzo kunye nemiba emininzi. Utitshala kunceda abafundi ukuba baqonda kuphela kwimeko ukuba uyakwazi ukuqonda zona. Le ndawo ibalulekileyo yokufundisa ithiyori kwaye isicelo.

Utitshala uyayazi indima kwinkqubo yemfundo kwezemfundo, usapho kunye noluntu malunga nenkqubela lokusekwa iimpawu ngamnye somntu, imfundo, uphuhliso kunye noqeqesho, kwakunye nobudala kunye iimpawu zobuqu kwabafundi. Kanti ke, ngaphandle koku, kufuneka ibe ubuchule nolwazi lwendlela ngamnye.

Iingxaki mihla

Ekufundiseni, ukuyilwa - yinkqubo lokuba umntu. Yaye kudla kuthathwa njenge ingxaki wemfundo. Yaye kwinkulungwane xxi mihla ngayo ngokwenene yondele.

Oku kubangelwa kukuba ngoku abantu abaninzi kukho umkhwa ukuxhasa nenkululeko engenkqubela-phambili yobuntu. Abanye baye bade nzulu cinga utitshala amalungelo abafundi imfundo ukungathobeli / umfundi ukuba umntu omnye. Ngoko ke, umsebenzi utitshala kufuneka ngobuchule combine iindlela zemveli nabantu mihla.

Self-determination - oku kubalulekile. Kodwa! Okubaluleke ngokulinganayo ukuhlanganiswa umfundi ehlabathini nenkcubeko yesizwe, ukuyilwa wakhe, ukuba abe ngummi, sifake kubo ukuqonda ukuba ngaphandle intsebenziswano kunye nokuqonda kuluntu lwanamhlanje akunakwenzeka ukuba zikhona. iingqiqo amazwe umdla, kodwa ihleli kwaye, kananjalo, ngokupheleleyo ebomini bethu, ukuba ukudluliselwa. Yiyo le mfuneko ukuqonda wokuqala bonke abazali zenkulungwane xxi.

isiko

Lo mqondo ezininzi kakhulu. Kwaye oko kubonakala pedagogy. Formation - yinkqubo entsonkothileyo. Kubandakanya yenze abafundi bathanda yobuhle kunye neenqobo, kwakunye ukukwazi ukubona ubuhle ukuba xa wadala umntu, okanye bakufumana into enye.

Kutheni kubalulekile nje oku? Ngenxa ubuntu le uluhlu umbuzo ube kuphela umntu abe yinxalenye yobomi yentlalo nenkcubeko. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba abafundi yonke utitshala olungileyo. Xa bengqondo, leyo izalana ngokusondeleyo pedagogy, igama elithi "umntu" ithetha ukuhlanganiswa ozikhethayo umntu kuphuhliswa kunye nemikhwa, amava zentlalo nenkcubeko yakhe, ulwazi, izakhono kunye nokukwazi self-ukubonakalisa.

Noko ke, unako lula ngakumbi kubonakaliswa. Ubuntu - zizifundiswa kwaye ekrelekrele. Kwaye ke injongo pedagogy Ndiye kukubizela umdla abafundi nantoni na eya kubanceda babe lusekiwe. Kwaye kwixesha elizayo uncedo hlobo ekuphumezeni esi sicwangciso.

Umfundisi olungileyo ikhuthaza utyekelo, ubuchule kunye nomdla lwabafundi, abakhuthaze ukuba umsebenzi ngobuchule. Oku kunceda ukuba kuziswe sengqondo kwabo ukusebenza kunye noluntu, imisebenzi eyahlukileyo, abazali, ubugcisa, abahlobo, ubomi. Kodwa injongo ephambili pedagogy sele yokuziphatha ekubumbeni seengcamango.

inkqubo yemfundo

Ngoko ke, lo ngasentla echazwe kwacaca ukuba sisenziwa. Oku inkcazo pedagogy, nto leyo eyenzeka kaninzi. Ngoko ke kufanelekile ukuthetha ngento ekufanele ukuba kusetyenziswa iindlela ngootitshala ukwenzela ukuba negalelo kuphuhliso ngayo abafundi babo.

ukuba abafundi ukwazi indlela ngokusebenzisa mizekelo ibonisa imifanekiso. Indlela zokuphuhlisa kubo ubulungisa, nokuqondana, intlonipho, yenkcubeko kunye inqwaba nezinye iimpawu? maphakathi Kuphela intsingiselo yazo. Abafundi kufuneka zenze inkolelo yokuba zonke ezi mpawu abazifunayo. Ke bona bafune ukuphakamisa ukuzithemba kwabo.

Kwaye loo nto, kufuneka utitshala abe nako ukuzisa amava abo kunye neemvakalelo ezinxulumene ngomba othile. Kungenjalo, baya kufumana imvakalelo enye kuphela - namdla. Ntoleyo ephazamisana uphuhliso ngamnye.

Yizani ukunceda abafundi amabali ezingqondweni kwimiba yokuziphatha. Okokuqala, abantwana ezifana namabali elungileyo. Okwesibini, kwinkqubo wokuva ezinye izigqibo kwaye sihlaziye izenzo amaqhawe ibali. Ngenxa yoko baza umlinganiselo ngeempawu eboniswe amabali. Utitshala kule etyaleni banyanzelise nto. sengqondo Personal abafundi uMbumbi ngokwayo phantsi kwempembelelo yokuvela zabo kunye namava. Le yindlela esebenzayo. Ekubeni sele yakha sengqondo abantwana ukuba benze izinto abangekenzi azenzileyo.

Unxibelelwano nabaphulaphuli

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ingqalelo, sithetha ukuyilwa ubuntu. Le pedagogy kubaluleke kakhulu - yokunxibelelana nabafundi. Ngoko ke, kwinkqubo yokufunda kwenzeka imbambano. Lwenzelwe ingxoxo etyalike isihloko esithile ukuba utitshala kufuneka uzilungiselele kwangaphambili nokufunda eklasini, ukuze abafundi ixesha lokucinga.

Injongo imbambano ilele ekubunjweni iinkolelo kunye zengqondo, ezithi zivele ngexesha yengxabano. Ntoleyo, eneneni, iya ezakhiwe ngendlela aphikisane. Kwimpikiswano ejongene ephikisanayo lwembono, ukuchonga izimvo eziphosakeleyo. Utitshala esweni mpikiswano, babuze imibuzo "ekunene", reflection ngokukhawuleza nokucokisa izimvo eziqulathwe abafundi.

Hi ndlela leyi, oko kuchaphazela kuphela ukuyilwa ubuntu yomntwana. Ngexesha lengxoxo umfundi ngamnye afunde ukuvakalisa ngokukhalipha izicamango zabo, ukuze ndibuye ndiyakhe, ukungqina ukuchaneka umgwebo yabo ukweyisela abaphulaphuli bakhe.

into engqondweni

Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, ingqiqo yesazisi uluhlu pedagogy, inxulumene ngqo bengqondo. Ngenxa yoko, esetyenziswa kwinkqubo yemfundo iindlela, usengathwala umlinganiswa ahambelanayo.

Ootitshala abaninzi badla zinika abafundi zabo ukusombulula ingxaki uLawrence Kohlberg. Lo ngomnye wabaseki kwithiyori yokuziphatha. Waqinisekisa ukuba akukho ilungelo ongowona okanye engalunganga ehlabathini. Ekuziphatheni nasiphi na isenzo kuxhomekeke kungekhona nemiphumela yayo, kunye neenjongo umntu. Kwaye ukhwankqe kunene.

Kohlberg byi - imeko libhekisela kwinto esenokwenzeka. Noko ke, ebomini kukho amashumi amawaka ezifanayo. Akukho sisombululo egqibeleleyo, nganye ubuhle nobubi bayo. Nantsi enye yezi iingxaki: omnye umfazi ogulayo kakhulu lwe asikuko nokuba kuyabulala lomhlaza. Ulishiye ukuhlala iinyanga ezintandathu, kodwa uhlala nazo ubuhlungu obukhulu. Ibhinqa ucela ugqirha wakhe ukuba ndimnike i yedosi elingakumbi morphine, evumela ukuba 'uhambe. " Akukho mthethweni, kodwa ugqirha aqonde isicelo lomguli kwanawokuqhuba iingcinga zayo.

Le ngxaki uluncedo kakhulu ngokubhekiselele ekumisweni uluvo. Oku kudale reflection, ebangela iimvakalelo, yenza abafundi bacinge, kubabeka nxaxheba kwindawo kule meko. Nabo ke, bebuza imibuzo emininzi eziya kubanceda ukuba bafumane isisombululo ubone ukuba luchanekile. Ekubeni abantwana bafunda ukuba novelwano, novelwano, ukuba bacinge kwaye uzive uxanduva.

ehlangene

Le - engundoqo kwisiseko, ngaphandle usapho, apho abantwana bafumane amava babo lokuqala kwezentlalo. Ngoko ke umntwana nemibutho iqala lasungulwa njengomntu ngamnye. Ukongeza, unxibelelwano ecwangcisiweyo yaye kamva wayalela ngootitshala abaqeqeshiweyo kakhulu esikolweni.

Group - kunxulumano abafundi, luphawulwa iimpawu ezithile. Oyintloko leyo phambi iinjongo zawo ezifanayo kwezentlalo - ukufumana imfundo.

Omnye umgaqo ithetha iqela umsebenzi ngokuhlangeneyo. Yaye ngokuxhomekeke uxanduva. Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba yakha unxulumano ngqo phakathi kwamalungu naliphi iqela, nto leyo ebonakalisa zombini umanyano imisebenzi yabo kunye namava nangezigwebo ixabiso.

Umqondiso yokugqibela qela kukuba liqumrhu elilawulayo eqhelekileyo. Kulo mzekelo, Kakade ke, ukuba utitshala lowo olawula zonke iinkqubo engqondweni zokufundisa. Yeyona Utitshala uyila microclimate esempilweni kwiqela, oko kukhuthaza nobuhlobo phakathi abafundi kubanceda ukuba simanyane. Kwaye ke utitshala ixhomekeke ekubeni abantwana baqonde ukuba yintoni nokuqondana nokuxhasana.

yokwakha iqela

Kuxhomekeke, njengokuba sele kukhankanyiwe apha ngentla, utitshala. Inkqubo yophuhliso loluntu lwesikolo ayikho spontaneity yinqobo kuye. Yena pedagogically ziyalawuleka. Kwaye wonke utitshala olungileyo kufuneka imithetho ethile kunye neendlela, ingakumbi ukuba amanqanaba eziyintloko zokusekwa kwe-qela.

Kwindawo yokuqala kufuneka ngokufanelekileyo zidityaniswe ubunkokheli zokufundisa kunye umnqweno yendalo kwabafundi ukuzimela.

Kukwacetyiswa kwakhona ukutshintsha izikhathi amaqhinga. Ngapha koko, iqela yinkqubo olutshintshayo. Ukongeza, sithetha ngabantwana. Bafuna izinto ezintsha, kwaye utitshala kufuneka rhoqo ubashukumise.

Ukongeza, inkqubo uluhlu pedagogy kuthetha ukubandakanyeka okugunyazisiweyo usapho kunye nabazali. Into ibizwa ngokuba ulungelelwaniso iimpembelelo zemfundo, nto leyo inegalelo utitshala.

Utitshala Okuninzi sihlale phantsi kohlolo kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukunyenyisa intsebenzo yabafundi ngoxanduva lwabo. Eyona ngendlela esemgangathweni yonke imisebenzi kwaye bathathe inxaxheba kubomi isikolo kuyacetyiswa abafundi umvuzo enobulungisa. Oku kusebenza inkuthazo ezongezelelweyo kubo, kwaye kananjalo likuvumela ukuba wenze ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinzame awusoze kuyabonwa kwaye ayaziswa. Ngelo lixa utitshala linyanzelekile ukuba babe ngqongqo ngokunxulumene kwabo bafundi abo ngoyaba imisebenzi yawo. Eli qela kufuneka kubakho ubulungisa kunye nobuchule.

elihle kwezentlalo

Ukuba ithatha indawo kwiqela. Formation - inkcazelo pedagogy ixabiso sakhe oluninzi kwagxilwa kuyo. Kuthekani nokudala elihlanganisayo umfundi? Le nkqubo ibaluleke kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba kule kuluntu, abantwana bakhule njengomntu nokufunda.

Inkqubo yemfundo yokuziphatha nabaqeshi zilungileyo kuphunyezwa ngokupheleleyo. Abantwana baba izimvo malunga imimiselo kobudlelwane nabanye, bafunda amabinzana isicelo wamkelekile kunye nonyango, bafunde ukuziphatha ngayo, intetho ukufunda nokubhala. Kwixesha elizayo, ukuba baphuhlise ubuchule ukusebenzisana nabanye. Bathi ukuzivumelanisa kuyo, zama izakhono zonxibelelwano abazifumene kunye nomgangatho. Ke abantwana baqala ukuvelana yaye ayabavela abantu, izilwanyana, izityalo, wayedla zama ukujonga iindlela ngentsebenziswano kunye nabazali.

utshintsho

Iindlela owabumba kwiqela pedagogy edibene imigaqo elandelwa ngutitshala kumsebenzi ngamnye kunye abafundi. Enoba oko, ingcali abaneziqinisekiso kakhulu ekupheleni uyazifezekisa nemiphumela encomekayo. Abafundi ebumba kwinqanaba elitsha intswelo-ngokwenene and cognitive iindawo, kukho iintlobo ukumelana lomsebenzi yokuziphatha, nokuphuhlisa zokuqhelaniswa lwentlalo kunye nesimilo ngamnye. Ekuhambeni apho ngamnye kubo iyatshintsha. Ngenxa yokuba uphuhliso ubuntu ibandakanya imvelaphi ngeenguqu psyche kwaye umfundi kwinkalo yokomoya ngokwasengqondweni.

Le utshintshwano ezincomekayo ziquka ephuculiweyo inkumbulo, umlinganiswa, ukucinga kunye nentando. Oku kuquka ukufunyanwa, ukwanda kunye kukuqiniswa elandelayo ulwazi, uhlobo lokukhula ophezulu wokuqonda. Ngokwendalo, konke oku sikhatshwa utshintsho sezingqondweni Ukwakheka yokuziphatha.

Ukuba kubonakaliswa ngolwimi lwezenzululwazi, umfundi abe isihloko semisebenzi yezentlalo kunye nobudlelwane nabanye. Yaye ngaba nje ihamba ukusuka kwinqanaba elisezantsi ukuya kwinqanaba eliphezulu. Ubuninzi utshintsho ngengqiqo ongena qualitative utshintsho yengqondo kunye neempawu ngengqondo umfundi.

Nguwo lo elihle kwezentlalo. Ilungu eliselula uluntu ufunda budibane imilinganiselo, izithethe, isimo sengqondo, indlela yokuziphatha kuthatha ngaphaya, izalana amava okusebenza. Kwaye le nkqubo akayeki. Elihle kwezentlalo, ihlala kuyo ebomini. Kodwa iqala esikolweni, kwaye ezigcinwe phantsi kweliso iingcali abakukhathaleleyo ootitshala, apho ubukhulu becala kuxhomekeke koko kwixesha elizayo kuya kuba abafundi babo.