The Republic of Poland. History kwaye babhale

Poland kwaye ngoku ithatha indawo ephambili kwimaphu kwezopolitiko, yaye ngemihla yamandulo, impembelelo yawo ezindabeni zaseYurophu waba okukhulu ngakumbi. I Republic yanamhlanje Poland yaba sisiphumo indlela ende kwaye oluya yendaleko ezikwisikumkani aphakathi ukuya zorhulumente wentando yesininzi ngendlela iYurophu enobunye.

Imvelaphi lwentando yesininzi: inkululeko nokuzimela

Imbali Poland iqala emva kwinkulungwane yeshumi., Xa sithe isikhulu yokuqala yi igama Mieszko bamkela ubuKristu. yiminyaka elikhulu elinamanci kamva urhulumente uye wafumana iwonga le yobukumkani Pope, kunye namakhulu amahlanu umanyene zisayinwa Lithuanian ubulawuli wehla embalini phantsi igama Rzeczpospolita, nto leyo ikopi efana nqwa ulwimi Latin kwaye bubonakala "ukubangela." Le ngongoma kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba siqonde imbali elandelayo Poland.

Nangona isibakala sokuba ePoland ngokusesikweni lobukhosi, akukho absolutism akuzange, yaye naziphi na iinzame lokuthintela inkululeko yabantu ezidolophini nazo ukumelana olomeleleyo.

Act Government kunye ekulweni tycoons

Le kweyeshumi elinesibhozo zaphumela elizweni hayi ilula - apha iingxaki zangaphakathi kunye neengxaki kunye nabamelwane. Noko ke, kwaba ngoko ukuba siseko yokuqala Republic of Poland iye yamkelwa, leyo wangena imbali yehlabathi phantsi igama "isenzo karhulumente". Ngengqiqo engqongqo, urhulumente ngebengabanga uhlobo republic karhulumente, kodwa eYurophu yaba amava wokuqala umthetho weemeko umthetho esisiseko.

Eli liphulo revolution ngokwenene kujike kube bengalindelwanga abamelwane, nto leyo eyavusa imfazwe uBukhosi Russian, wagqiba wokuphelisa idemokhrasi lutsha.

Ekhaya, kakhulu, hayi zonke zonwabile umthetho omtsha kwaye, kunye, la ababawa Polish yaqalisa imfazwe nxamnye norhulumente yabo kunye Sejm - umzimba omkhulu emele lizwe, apho wadibana ngokuqhubekayo ngexesha iminyaka engamakhulu amathathu.

Free Poland. Ilizwe okanye Republic

siseko ngokwenene republic ziye zikokosiweyo kumGaqo-siseko karhulumente kuphela emva kokuba inkululeko kwingcinezelo Russian - ngo-1919. Emva kokuba Russian Revolution, uninzi lwamazwe yoBukhosi ufumene ulongamo. Free Republic of Poland yaba sisiphumo isibhengezo ukuzimela kunye nokwamkelwa ekuthiwa-siseko Little umisela isithuba yeNtloko yomBuso, kodwa kabukhali kuphela amagunya akhe.

Kwiminyaka emibini emva koko, umthetho omtsha esisiseko yamkelwa. Ngokutsho ukuba uMgaqo-siseko, i-Sejm yanikezwa ilungelo amandla, kodwa amandla aphezulu kusetyenziswa nguMongameli weRiphabliki Poland.

ixesha komsebenzi. A siganeko entsha kuphuhliso lomthetho Polish

Emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, kwiRiphabliki of Poland uwa phantsi kwempembelelo enamandla eSoviet Union. Yaba ngeli xesha, yaye yamkela umgaqo-siseko omtsha, icinyiwe, ngokubanzi, kunye Stalin. Nangona loo xwebhu emkholisayo amalungelo asisiseko oluntu nenkululeko, ukuba igcinwe ilungelo impahla ngayo amagcisa kunye nabalimi, kodwa ngokupheleleyo onke la malungelo ayikwazanga luqokeleleke ndaweninye. Ngo-siseko efanayo nya ukwahlulwa yemveli amagunya ePoland phezu amasebe, nawo onke amandla kunye nelungelo lokuthetha egameni kwabantu ababesele ngasemva yi-Seimas.

Ithuba entsha kwimbali Poland luqala emva kokuba ukutshona eSoviet Union kunye Warsaw Pact. Emva kweminyaka embalwa, i Ukutya lamkele umgaqo-siseko omtsha, ukuba zibhalwe ngokusekelwe zonke elidlulileyo enzima and non-free.

Kule umthetho omtsha esisiseko Akuvumelekanga kokuthathwa, ukuhlukunyezwa, kunye nelungelo nokuthembeka eza kuqala. Kwakhona owamiswayo ukuba inviolability ikhaya nembalelwano, nto leyo ngokwemigaqo iindlela zophuhliso mihla kunye neenzame bamazwe ezahlukahlukeneyo ukuze amalungiselelo esweni zonke-kuphuma abemi bayo, kubaluleke ngokukhethekileyo.

Ngo-2004, ekugqibeleni Poland iye ke kufikelelwe enye yeenjongo zayo ebalulekileyo wajoyina i-European Union, ukugcina,, a ulongamo buso. Isiko umzabalazo inkululeko ngenkani ezopolitiko Lumkela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo unxulumano kunye nemibutho. Mhlawumbi le nto weRiphabliki of Poland Musa ukungxama ukungena kwegazi imali yaseYurophu kwaye ikhusela ngenyameko zloty wayo, nto leyo indlela yentlawulo ime emdeni wayo kangangeenkulungwane eziliqela.