Igama Fancy: Russian ne American

Igama elithi "igama" livela familia igama Latin ithetha igama generic ukuba ilifa kwaye ibonisa apho ngesiduko bobabo kule okanye loo mntu. Igama lokugqibela ngokuqhelekileyo libhekisela kumntu ubandakanyeka efanayo kunye kukhokho eqhelekileyo.

Sihamba imbali

An into umdla kukuba eRoma yamandulo, igama elithi "ifani" kwakuthetha lonke uluntu, olu sapho lwaluquka iintsapho kunye nabanini amakhoboka zabo, maxa wambi emininzi. Phela, a imeko efanayo eRashiya. Ngokomzekelo, ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIX igama inkosi yakhe wafumana ngamakhoboka, xa ukusayinwa i "free". Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, igama nokuthiywa ukuba idityaniswe ubuyena, igama elifanelekileyo lomntu ngamnye.

Ziphi na amagama?

Uninzi amagama zenziwe nengcambu (isiseko), nto leyo nayo ngaphambili intsingiselo ethile lungelelanisa. Ngaba sele kwasekwa i "igama eliphakathi" unokuba izimaphambili, izimamva, uyaphela. ngoyena ndoqo yegama ngalinye kuchonga isiteketiso okanye igama lobuqu ukhokho, ngalo kwafika khona. Ezinye okungaqhelekanga iifani track kunzima kakhulu. Noko ke, umnqweno ukwenza disassembly le undoqo le ungumongo eluncedo igama lakhe kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ezikhoyo iinkonzo ezahlukeneyo namhlanje asebenza izifundo ukuzalwa abathengi kuya kukunceda ukuba uqonde ngemvelaphi yegama lakhe. Lo msebenzi onzima ifumaneka lula, nangenxa self-uphando, kodwa kuya kufuna ukuba uhlole i ubuqili ezininzi zembali kugqiba amaxwebhu agciniweyo, translation and mapping, kwakunye umonde kunye nexesha free.

Ngolwimi lokuqala entsapho iibhokisi ebekwe-phezulu kunye nesiphelo zanele igama elithi "intombi" okanye "nonyana." Ezinye iilwimi mihla kwaye kule mini igcinwe lesakhiwo efanayo amagama (umzekelo, le nto ulwimi lwesiAzerbaijani). amagama kunjalo ezininzi izityalo njengoko sele kuchaziwe izichazi ezahlukeneyo kwakhiwa imilo. Amaxesha amaninzi igama lokuqala, isazisi ukungaphangalali kuyo nayiphi na uhlanga ethile, ubuzwe okanye uhlanga.

wenza njani ukuyilwa lwamagama umthetho morphological?

Ngenxa imithetho morphological kwezinye iilwimi (umz Slavic) oyindoda kunye namagama nemazi kwahluka enye kwenye imilo. Kwezinye iilwimi, ezifana ngolwimi Lithuanian, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo iifani ukufumanisa kuphela amadoda kunye nabafazi, kodwa ukwahlula umfazi owendileyo kubafazi abangatshatanga.
Imfuno engxamisekileyo isiganeko igama (in Ngokwengcamango mihla) wabonakala ngenxa iimfuno zolawulo kwiziko labemi ngokunxulumene namazwe ngonaphakade-nokwandisa amaqhina kwezoqoqosho.

Kukho ezininzi amagama ezixhaphakileyo, kuquka: Lee (abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-100 abantu ukuba igama), Van (ngaphezu kwezigidi 93 abantu baba abanini abonwabileyo kule ntsapho), Garcia (10 million abantu), Smith (4 million) kunye Smirnov (malunga nezigidi ezi-3).

amagama fixed

Amagama zokuqala fixed bubonakala X-XI iinkulungwane kumantla eItali, ngoko eFransi, eNgilani, eJamani kunye Denmark. In Russia oko lweziqhulo eqhelekileyo, ezifana Bull, Ibhokhwe, Nenashev. Bona wakhulela kwintsapho esisigxina. La magama ezingaqhelekanga, lweziqhulo zasetyenziswa ukuchonga ngamnye umntu othile, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa intsimbi kuphela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIV. Sele kwinkulungwane XVI eRashiya yaziswa ngumthetho, njengako ifani sanyanzeleka ukuba ke iinkosana yokuqala indawo kunye izinduna, uze izidwangube ephakemeyo umthengisi osikwa yinimba. Ngokuba abampofu - abalimi - amagama aqala iya kusetyenziselwa kwinkulungwane XVIII. Kodwa nokudityaniswa lokugqibela lwamagama amafama kwenzeka kuphela emva kokuba serfdom kwayekwa.

amagama Russian

Ngokusisiseko, ku iifani Russian wabumba amagama ecaweni okanye icawe, okanye, njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, yi eziteketiso. Umzekelo, egameni uPetros, kwenzeka ifani Petrov (Petrov , unyana 's), kwaye ukusukela Umvundla isiteketiso, kuza igama Zaitsev (Unyana Zaitsev wakhe). kunqabile kakhulu igama lengcambu oya kuthathwa njengomntu ezinye uhlobo lwamagama into ndawo, umzekelo, Belozersk (ukusuka White Lake), njalo njalo. D. Kukho icebo ngawo ifani yabo imfundo unetyala ethile umsebenzi okanye isiseko womntu lowo usafunda umva. Umzekelo, kunokwenzeka ukuba achaze kukuvela amagama afana Melnikova okanye ulungiselele. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba icebo esinjalo sikhokelela yokuba kaninzi kakhulu kwilizwe lethu, unako ukufumana amagama angaqhelekanga.

Ngokuhambelana nesiko, yamkelwa eRashiya, umfazi, bazeke, yena uthatha igama yendoda yakhe. Nangona kunjalo, le meko ukuba kuyimfuneko, kunokwenzeka ukuba igama lakhe sasekhaya okanye uthathe igama hyphenated. Abantwana abazalelwe umtshato, ube umthetho, thabatha igama likayise. Nangona kunjalo, oku kuyimfuneko, ekubeni ngabazali babo, umntwana isenokuba igama lonina.

amagama Unusual Russian

amagama angaqhelekanga Russian ezinokuhlelwa ixesha elide. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ulwimi engaqhelekanga, enamakhulu ileta elinye: D, E, Yu kwakhona engaqhelekanga kakhulu kwilizwe lethu kwicala entsha ekubunjweni ngamagama kolulodwa: Yintoni Up, An. Iifani, amagama ndawo, malunga apho sinokuthi ukuba uyakufanelekela amagama kakhulu engaqhelekanga - kulo ezifana eKamchatka, Saransk, eMoscow. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, abathwali ambalwa kakhulu amagama edume afana Gagarin, Crusoe Chatsky Onegin, Karenin. Mhlawumbi, kufuneka kuthiwa ngabo ngeengcambu ezimbini: Hvataymuha, Golohvostov, Schiborsch. Kusenokwenzeka kuphawulwe, kwaye amagama ezingaqhelekanga njenge: Maxa wambi, Nehaj, elunyiwe, Razdobudko, Siskin, sesitovu, Amanzi. Ke amagama amaninzi ngakumbi enjalo umdla. Akukho mathandabuzo ukuba igama okungaqhelekanga ukwenza uludwe lwemiyalelo. Kodwa kwezi zintlu, thina silindele izimanga. Mhlawumbi igama ongaqhelekanga ukuba intombazana, ekho ngolwimi Russian - kodwa igama lomntu.

ngezibongo american

I-United States yi lizwe kumiwa nabafuduki. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, amagama baseMerika zifanele ukuvela zazo ezahlukeneyo izithethe nenkcubeko, awohluke kunye neentlanga. Lo mthombo uphambili kwabo US abemi - oku imvelaphi le IsiNgesi, French, isiJamani, Irish, iifani Scottish. ugalelwe ngcembe kunye, Polish,, isiHebhere, amagama Indiya, IsiSpanish Norwegian Indiya, Afrika kunye nezinye American nangoku kwindlela ifomu yalo ethile.

Education ngezibongo mihla

Senziwe mihla amagama American ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. I-common abaninzi lungohlulwa lube zezi ntlobo zilandelayo ngohlobo imvelaphi yabo;

• iimpawu bendawo ethile (Founteyn, Mounteyn, Rock);
• impangelo okanye iprofeshini (Smith, wehlathi);
• lwezibizo eqhelekileyo (ngetyholo, Young, Rose);
• Igama likatata (Peterson, Williams, Watson, Johnson);
• indawo amagama (Lancaster, eNgilani).

Thathela ingqalelo inguqu amagama amaninzi kunye namagama intsapho yinkcubeko yaseMelika, mhlawumbi sinokuthi amagama engaqhelekanga American rhoqo nezo inkcubeko Russian. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ezinye izinto ezithandekayo kuphuhliso lokusekwa namagama kwilizwekazi American. Le yinkqubo eqhubekekayo lokuthath'indawo amagama zemveli yaseMelika uhlobo engaqhelekanga yobuhlanga, ezifana Afrika-American.