Squadrons angels. Ikhosi ye-ACE idumileyo kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II

Yonke imfazwe intlungu eyoyikekayo bonke abantu ukuba ngandlel kuchaphazela. Ukutyhubela imbali yayo, uluntu iye yaziwa iimfazwe ezininzi, ezimbini kuzo ngamazwe. World zitshatyalaliswe phantse ngokupheleleyo eYurophu kwakhokelela ekuweni ezithile emphaya ezinkulu ezifana eRashiya, Austria-iHungary. Kodwa okubi ngakumbi scale kweMfazwe Yehlabathi Second, apho kumazwe amaninzi phantse lonke babandakanyekayo ihlabathi. yabulala izigidi zabantu, ngakumbi basala bengenamakhaya. Esi siganeko umngcangcazelisi nangoku ochaphazelekayo ngendlela enye okanye omnye umntu mihla. liphezu bayo bangonakala zifumaneka kuyo yonke ebomini bethu. Le ntlekele iye ushiye okuninzi weemfihlelo, iimbambano phezu ngubani musa kupheza eminyaka. umthwalo onzima azithathele kule mpi ubomi nokufa belingekafiki kakhulu waya ngokuqina ukusuka revolution nemfazwe yamakhaya, Ndiyakhe kuphela ishishini yomkhosi kunye ngoxolo eSoviet Union. Ezintliziyweni zabantu bahlala umsindo ezingadibaniyo kunye nomnqweno kulwa abahlaseli abo awusebenzisileyo phezu integrity kunye nenkululeko karhulumente sabasebenzi. Abaninzi baya phambili ngokuzithandela. Kwangaxeshanye kwakukho ngokuhlanganisa amaziko bakhutshwe industrial iimfuno nemveliso ngaphambili. Umzabalazo lade kwisikali zabantu bokwenene. Yiloo nto ibizwa ngokuba yi-iMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic.

Ngoobani Aces?

Njengoko imikhosi yaseJamani kwaye Soviet baqeqeshwa kakuhle kwaye axhotyiswe ngezixhobo, moya kunye nezinye izixhobo. Abasebenzi mali izigidi zabantu. Wengxabano kwezi zithuthi ezimbini zomkhosi iye eyenziwe amaqhawe ayo kunye ngabangcatshi zabo. Omnye kwabo ngokufanelekileyo kuqwalaselwa amaqhawe ke Aces kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Ngubani ke yaye yaziwa ukuba kakuhle kangaka? Ace libe nokuthathelwa ingqalelo njengokuba umntu ekufezile mhlaba eziphakamileyo yayo bambalwa kakhulu abantu bakwazi okumdambisa. Nakuko Enyanisweni eziyingozi kunye embi, njengoko emkhosini, bekusoloko waba iingcali yayo. Njengoko kwi USSR kunye imikhosi eManyeneyo, kwaye eJamani yamaNazi kwakukho abantu wabonisa iziphumo ezingcono inani kwezixhobo zitshatyalaliswe okanye eqela labasebenzi. Malunga ezi abalinganiswa kunye eli nqaku liza kukuxelela.

Uluhlu Aces kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II kumba kwaye ibandakanya abantu ezininzi ezaziwayo-kakuhle ezingenamandla ze ubuqhawe babo. Baba ngumzekelo lonke uhlanga, baqubuda, bayinqule.

Air Squadrons angels

Aviation - ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo enye romantic kakhulu, kodwa kwangaxeshanye yokulwa esiyingozi iingalo. Ekubeni naziphi na izixhobo lungangaphumeleli nangaliphi na ixesha, umqhubi uthathwa into obekekileyo kakhulu. Loo nto iya kufuna i intsimbi unyamezelo, ingqeqesho, ukukwazi ukuzibamba kuyo nayiphi na imeko. Ngoko ke, ukuba eyama Aces lokuphathwa ngentlonipho enkulu. Ngapha koko, ukuba abe nako ukubonisa nemiphumo emihle kwiimeko ezinjalo, xa ubomi bakho buxhomekeke kuphela kwiteknoloji, kodwa kuwe - elona nqanaba liphezulu art emkhosini. Ngoko ke ngubani na ukuba - Aces ngabaqhubi kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, yaye kutheni ubuqhawe babo idume kangaka?

pilot Soviet Aces

Enye kakhulu ngempumelelo yabaqhubi ACE yiSoviet yaba Ivan Nikitovich Kozhedub. Ngokusemthethweni phakathi enkonzweni yakhe WWII wehla 62 iinqwelomoya German, yaye wothulelw 2 US fighter, leyo elubhuqa ekupheleni kwemfazwe. Le ngxelo pilot 176 bakhonza Guards zimi bantinga kwi La-7 moya.

Lwesibini amanqaku ngexesha lemfazwe waba uAleksandr Ivanovich Pokryshkin (leyo izihlandlo ezithathu wawongwa isihloko Hero eSoviet Union). Walwa phezu kumzantsi Ukraine kummandla Sea Black, wakhulula eYurophu ukususela amaNazi. Phakathi nenkonzo yakhe wadubula phantsi moya 59 utshaba. Akazange ayeke ukubhabha, naxa wamiselwa ingqwayi-9 Guards Air Division, yaye iphumelele ezinye kokoyisa kwakhe emoyeni xa ofisi.

UNikolay Dmitrievich Gulaev - enye pilot abaziwayo emkhosini, nimlungiselayo irekhodi - 4 lokuhamba moya zitshatyalaliswe nganye. Ebudeni inkonzo yakhe yasemkhosini, wabatshabalalisa 57 moya yotshaba. Kangangezihlandlo ezibini wawongwa ngesiqu ka Hero eSoviet Union.

Kwakhona, isiphumo esihle kwaye KIRILL Alekseevich Yevstigneyeva. Wadubula phantsi 55 iinqwelomoya German. Kozhedub, kuyenzeka ukuba ukukhonza ixesha elithile Evstigneev kwi webutho, enye abathi, ngentlonelo kakhulu wathetha ngalo iflaya.

Dmitriy Borisovich Glinka naye ACE eSoviet. Awabatshabalalisayo 50 moya utshaba 100 yokulwa koxolo. Yena wawongwa Hero eSoviet Union le ngesiqu kabini.

Njengoko sibonile, iSoviet Aces kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II bakwazi ukulwa wenjenjalo ngobukroti anako.

sizana Asa

Kodwa Allied Aces umoya saba umsebenzi omhle kakhulu. Phakathi kwazo kukho ezininzi yabaqhubi nesibindi, kodwa ifuthe kwi "lokhozi" eSoviet isasebenza besilela.

Major Richard Bong waba uluhlu winile, nto leyo ithetha oomatshini 40 utshaba ababeke. Ngomnye pilot ezininzi yimpumelelo Allied. Emva kwemfazwe, Bong waba pilot test, kodwa wabulawa xa Sivavanya moya entsha F-80, abakwazi ukuba siphume kunye iparashute emva kokuba injini yemoto ayiphumelelanga.

WaseBritani Dzhonson Dzheyms ngexesha lemfazwe wadubula phantsi izithuthi utshaba 34. Wayalela enye amaqela ukubetha-moya ngexesha emhlabeni e eNormandy ngo-1944. Ukulwa yaqala ngoMatshi 1943, eziphaphazelayo ukulwa "Spitfire".

pilot american, uMajor Tomas Makgvayr wadubula phantsi moya 38 utshaba. Waye bawongwa iimbasa ezininzi American, kuquka Imbasa Congressional iMbeko. Kokuba ebulewe emfazweni kufutshane nesiqithi Los Negros eneminyaka engama-24. Yaba ngoJanuwari 7, 1945.

EngumFrentshi uPierre Klosterman amanqaku 30 uloyiso emoyeni, wabatshabalalisa inani elikhulu lezithuthi komhlaba - zikaloliwe, iimoto kunye neelori. Sele kule minyaka 24 waba nako ukufikelela kwisikhundla sikhulu ka eyama yaphela imfazwe kuyo.

Aces German

Aces ye Luftwaffe kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II kufanele ingqalelo kakhulu nemveliso kwimbali pilot. Omnye wabo wada waba yintshatsheli Guinness Book of Records. Yayingubani lo pilot nesibindi?

Ikhosi ye-ACE idumileyo German kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II kwaye ngexesha elinye umntu ubeke mntu wabaqoba ingxelo ngenani moya waphu- - yi UErich Hartmann. Kwi-akhawunti idabi kuluhlu waphu- moya 352 notshaba lwabo, winile kwesiqingatha ngaphezu, yena amanqaku phezu abalwa (260). Hartman ubehamba kuphela "Messerschmitt bf 109G" waza wathi yeyona ilungileyo iinqwelomoya ukuba wakha wabona. Emva kwemfazwe, wanikezela baseMerika, yena wamthumela amabutho eSoviet. Umphumo waba isivakalisi phantse 10 kunyaka-kule nkampu, kodwa UErich wakwazi ukubuyela nenkosikazi yakhe kunye nabantwana wafa esemncinane phambili. Irekhodi ebekwe ngabo kuyamangalisa ngokwenene, kuba akukho Aces Soviet okanye Allied ayikwazanga ukufikelela umphumo onocwangco ngolu hlobo.

Hans-Ioahim Marsel - pilot waseJamani, owalwa ubukhulu becala eAfrika. Ebudeni inkonzo yakhe yasemkhosini, yaye yaba edubuleyo elifutshane phantsi abangama-158 moya baseMerika kunye British. I yantlitheka entlango, ngexesha Indlela aerodrome yakhe, emva kokugqitywa ngempumelelo zilwe ebufundisini, kwaye kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba kukho ingxaki kwi-moya. Waza ke wangcwatywa iimbeko ezininzi.

Gerhard Buckhorn - omnye ACE German. Ngenxa moya yayo 301 ukulwa. Buckhorn wafumana amanxeba ezinzulu eziliqela, ngenxa yokuba, ukongeza zilwe elilinge, naye ibe pilot test, xa flyby ethile inxaxheba karma jet yokuqala ehlabathini, i-Me-262. Emva kwemfazwe, benza moya ukuvavanyelwa i-German Air Force wachacha.

Kodwa nokuba German Aces of moya kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II kangaka professionals na olunye-handedly atshabalalise inani moya, ofana kwizahlulo emoyeni ezintathu? Ngeendlela ezininzi, impumelelo yabo ngenxa yoqeqesho moya alomelelanga labaqhubi Soviet. USSR ekuqalekeni imfazwe iye ezilahlekileyo malunga 1,200 izithuthi emoyeni, nokwadala ubume moya yonke. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kunye nenqwelo-moya, wafa kunye nabantu abakwaziyo ukubhabha. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, oko wahlelwa ngokukhawuleza izifundo zasehlotyeni olungongezwanga, akwazileyo ukubuyisela inani labaqhubi, kodwa ngeendleko esemgangathweni. Umzekelo, i-avareji uqweqwe elingwayo Soviet Academy iiyure 13-34, kanti ukuba amaJamani - malunga 400 iiyure. Ukongeza, amaqhinga German yokulwa lomoya ekuqaleni imfazwe yaba intloko bade kunathi Russian. Ngasekupheleni impi le meko ngendlela eyahlukileyo.

Njengoko sibona, Aces yabaqhubi yeSibini kweMfazwe Yehlabathi wabonisa nemiphumela encomekayo ngokwenene. Kodwa zobuqhawe bakhe baba odumileyo kubo kuphela. Ziziphi iingalo enye yenkonzo wanikezelwa kwihlabathi iinkosi edume yezandla yomkhosi?

Ethwala Aces kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II

Akukho kangako ukulwa isikrweqe. Ethwala bekusoloko eyarhaxwayo yamajoni kakhulu. Ekubeni kutshabalalisa itanki kunokuba ngeendlela ezininzi, kulula ukuthelekelela ukuba ingozi kwaye ebeliza yonke indawo. Kunjalo ethwala njalo alwa ngesibindi ukuba iminqweno ilizwe labo yaye ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo wanikela ngobomi bakhe ngenxa yabo. Kakade ke, phakathi kwabo kwakukho nabo Aces adumileyo kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II.

Aces itanki Soviet

Eyona edumileyo master itanki eSoviet - yi nguDmitry Lavrinenko, ngubani ndoqhayisa-akhawunti yakho kwi lupwa 52 kwamatanki yotshaba. Le ijoni walwa kunye utshaba odumileyo T-34, obengowabaya iisimboli imfazwe.

Enye itanki ezaziwayo-kakuhle yiSoviet of World - Zinovy Kolobanov. feat yakhe yaziswa iincwadi zezifundo neencwadi ezininzi, njengoko unako ukutshabalalisa kwinkxalabo olunye 22 kwamatanki German (oku kubangelwa yesibini ngobukhulu phakathi kwimbali amadabi itanki kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II).

Kodwa ke, nangona imikhosi itanki baba phakathi ezininzi kakhulu ukwakhiwa nomkhosi, ethwala Aces kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, ngenxa yaso nasiphi na isizathu, i eSoviet Union azafunyanwa. Kutheni kunjalo - ayaziwa. Kusengqiqweni ukucinga akhawunti ukuba abaninzi zobuqu ngabom phezu okanye underreported, ngoko ke inani ngqo zoloyiso ngasentla itanki iinkosi idabi akwenzeki.

Aces itanki German

Kodwa Aces itanki German kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, abe ingxelo aphezulu kakhulu. Oku kubangelwa ubukhulu becala eligcwele ka amaJamani, abo zibhalwa ngqo, kunye nexesha ukwenza ezinye ekulweni, bona ngaphezu "asebenza 'zabo eSoviet. umkhosi Footwork German baqalisa ukugcina ngo-1939.

inombolo German lamanzi 1 - it Hauptsturmführer Michael Wittmann. Wayesilwa kwamatanki ezininzi (Stug III, Tiger I) kunye kutshatyalaliswa ebudeni bemfazwe oomatshini 138 kunye zokudubula amazwe 132 utshaba ezahlukeneyo esingazihambeliyo. Ngokuba impumelelo yakhe bawongwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo odolo ezahlukahlukeneyo neempawu ze Wesithathu. Abafa ngezenzo ngo-1944 e-France.

Unga kwakhona ukhethe lo ACE tank Otto Carius. Kuba abo ngandlel 'abanomdla kwimbali imikhosi transport ye Wesithathu, yincwadi luncedo gqitha memoirs bakhe' Tigers eludakeni. " Ngexesha lemfazwe, lo mntu kutshatyalaliswa 150 kwamatanki Soviet kwaye American nemipu self-ngokwaso.

Kurt Knispel - omnye umnini yokufunxa-irekhodi. Wawisa ngenxa yakhe iitanki emkhosini 168 nokuzeyisa ngokwaso ngemipu yotshaba. Malunga 30 iimoto ezi engaqinisekiswanga, loo nto ayithethi ukuba ukuba lokuzikhumbuza kwiziphumo ezivela Wittmann. Kurt Knispel wabulawa kwidabi kufutshane kwilali Vostits eCzechoslovakia ngowe-1945.

Ukongeza, iziphumo okulungileyo uKarl Bromanna - 66 kwamatanki nemipu self-ngokwaso, Ernst Barkmanna - 66 kwamatanki nemipu self-ngokwaso, UErich Mausberga - amatanki 53 nemipu self-ngokwaso.

Njengoko kubonakala kwezi ziphumo, zombini Aces itanki eSoviet kunye German kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II bakwazi ukulwa. Kakade ke, ubuninzi nobulunga izithuthi Soviet yasemkhosini ngaphezulu kakhulu ngaphezu koko kwezi amaJamani, nangona kunjalo, njengoko lo mkhwa, kwaye bobabini babesebenzisa kakhulu ngempumelelo yaye waba isiseko ezinye uyilo kwitanki post-imfazwe.

Kodwa le uluhlu iingalo, nto leyo yayimenza iinkosi zawo, hayi isiphelo. Makhe sithethe kancinci malunga Aces ngwenya.

Master ngwenya izimpi

Kanye njengokuba kwimeko-moya kunye namatanki, zezona oomatiloshe kakhulu yimpumelelo German. Ngwenya Kriegsmarine ebudeni beminyaka ikhona, loo nqanawa yazika ngowe-2603 amazwe Amanyeneyo, ukubana lilonke esikwaziyo million 13.5 tons nani. Ngokwenene yinto nani umxhelo. Kunye akhawunti encomekayo zobuqu German Aces ngwenya Second World War, kakhulu, ukuba uzizukise.

Highest inkwili German - Otto Kretschmer, engunobangela 44 lomkhombe, kuquka umbhuqi omnye. yeetoni zizonke zitshone izikhitshana - 266.629 tonnes.

Kwindawo yesibini - Wolfgang Ngoweentambo owandithumayo ukuya emazantsi 43 wenqanawa yotshaba (kunye nezinye data - 47) ukubana kwafunyanwa iitoni 225.712 of.

Kwakhona eyaziwa ace zaselwandle Gunther Prien yaye wayekwazi kurhaxwa nkqu inqanawa yaseBritani "Royal Oak". Yaba elinye lamadindala ababefumene amagqabi oki ukuya Cross Knight kaThixo. Prien watshabalalisa iinqanawa-30. Wafa ngowe-1941 kuhlaselwa hide yaseBritani. Yena athandwa kakhulu ukuba ukufa kwiinyanga ezimbini bazifihla ebantwini. Ke ngomhla emngcwabeni wakhe, bezilile sele sibhengezwe lonke ilizwe.

Ezo impumelelo German oomatiloshe nazo Kuyaqondakala. Isibakala sokuba iJamani waqalisa imfazwe yomkhosi ngo-1940, kunye kuvalwe iindlela eBritani, ngoko ndithembe ukuba buthathaka ubukhulu bayo elwandle, baxhamla kule, aqhube yaxhuzula ngempumelelo ziqithi. Noko ke, kungekudala kakhulu iplani amaNazi Waziphuthisa, njengoko imfazwe wangena Melika ubuciko bayo omkhulu nowomeleleyo.

Ngaba eSoviet Union Aces phakathi ngwenya?

Eyona edumileyo matiloshe eSoviet inkwili - Alexander Marinesco. Yena Waguqa kuphela 4 lomkhombe, kodwa akukho! umkhweli Heavy inqanawa "UWilhelm Gustloff" zothutho "General von Steuben ', kunye nemivo emi-2 ka plavbatarei enzima" Helena "yaye" uSiegfried. " Ngokuba zobuqhawe bakhe, uHitler wenza matiloshe kuluhlu iintshaba zakho. Kodwa isiphelo Marinescu zange isebenze kakuhle. Wayewe usathandwa kunye nabasemagunyeni Soviet, wafa, kunye nezenzo zakhe wayeka ukuthetha. lo matiloshe elikhulu kokufa kwakhe kuphela ngo-1990 ukunikezelwa Hero eSoviet Union. Ngelishwa, abaninzi eSoviet Aces kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II yaphela ubomi babo ngale ndlela.

Kwakhona ke nenxenye adumileyo eSoviet Union baba Ivan Travkin - yazika iinqanawa-13, UNikolai Lunin - ngeenqanawa-13, Valentin Starikov - 14 iinqanawa. Kodwa Marinesko songeza uludwe iintlobo ilungileyo eSoviet Union njengoko umonakalo omkhulu owenzeke Navy German.

Ukuchaneka izinto ziyimfihlo

Kaloku, njani na ukuba ukukhumbula alwela abaziwayo ezifana seva? Apha, eSoviet Union hola entendeni eJamani. seva Soviet Aces kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II has a akhawunti lweengoma eliphezulu kakhulu. Ngeendlela ezininzi, ezi ziphumo zafezekiswa ngenxa karhulumente omkhulu ukulungiselela umphakathi ukuba kudutyulwe evela izixhobo ezahlukeneyo. Ibheji "Voroshilov elidubula" zanikwa abantu malunga 9 million. Ngoko ke zintoni sompu idumileyo?

Name Vasily Zaitsev watyhwatyhwa amaJamani kunye wabethelela inkuthazo yamajoni Soviet. Lo mfo rhoqo, umzingeli wabulala umpu wakhe amajoni Mosin 225 Wehrmacht nje inyanga ekulweni e Stalingrad. Phakathi abanegama amagama sniper - Fedor Okhlopkov, ngenxa apho (yemfazwe), malunga newaka yamaNazi; Isidoda Nomokonov owabulala amajoni utshaba 368. nabafazi baba phakathi seva. Umzekelo - edume Lyudmila Pavlichenko, ngubani walwa phantsi Odessa kunye Sevastopol.

seva German baziwa ngaphantsi kakuhle, nangona eJamani baba kukho izikolo sniper ezininzi bazibandakanya uqeqesho lwengcali ukususela 1942. Phakathi abatoli kakhulu yimpumelelo isiJamani - Mattias Hettsenauer (345 babulawa), Josef Allerberger (257 babulawa), Bruno Sutkus (209 shot yi amajoni). Kwakhona kwaziwa sompu evela amazwe Hitlerite awodwa kukuthi, Simo Hayha - i Finn ebudeni bemfazwe ebembulele 504 Red Army (ezingavunywanga).

Eyona isixhobo ephambili nayiphi uzilolonga waba Mosin umpu kunye emehlweni owawusisibonakude, kodwa, ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko, nayo esetyenziswa yi SVT. Ukongeza iimpawu eziphambili weentonga zakhe, naye wafunda uqeqesho oluyimfuneko ukusinda - cwaka, ukukwazi ukuba alinde, ukuze babe nokungakwazi ngokupheleleyo, kunye orienteering.

Ngenxa yoko, ukulungiswa sompu eSoviet Union lwalulude obungako ngaphezu koko kwezi imikhosi yaseJamani, okwenza ukuba amajoni Soviet ukunxiba isihloko abanekratshi - Aces kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II.

Njani ukuba Aces?

Ngoko, igama elithi "ace of kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II" kumba kakhulu. Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, aba bantu owaphunyezwa ngo-ishishini labo ngokwenene nemiphumela encomekayo. Oku kufikelelwe nje kuphela ngenxa yoqeqesho mkhosi, kodwa ngenxa yokuba iimpawu ezibalaseleyo zobuqu. Ngapha koko, ukuba umqhubi, umzekelo, ukuba uququzelelo kubaluleke kakhulu kwaye ukusabela ngokukhawuleza sompu - ukukwazi ukuba ulinde umzuzwana elula ukuba maxa wambi edubuleyo enye.

Ngako oko, ukuba ukufumanisa ukuba ngubani na Aces ilungileyo Second World War, akunakwenzeka. Omabini la macala benze ubuqhawe ngaphambili, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba uyazimela ubunzima lilonke labantu. Kodwa ukuba abe umphathi kuphela ngeenkani abaqhuba kwaye bephuhlisa izakhono zabo ukulwa, njengokuba ongabunyamezeliyo imfazwe buthathaka. Kakade ke, amanani, umgca owomileyo akayi kuba nako ukubonisa umntu mihla bonke abo bunzima, iingxaki ezehlela ziingcali zemfazwe ngexesha nokubunjwa yayo phezu kwamanqwanqwa uzuko.

Thina, isizukulwana ukuba baphila, ndingazazi izinto ezimbi, musa ukulibala malunga sezakhiwo ababengaphambi zethu. Babe nesikunikwayo, isikhumbuzi, inkumbulo. Yaye simele sizame ukwenza yonke into aya kuqinisekisa ukuba loo to- njengoko imfazwe yokugqibela, akusekho ngokuphindaphindiweyo.