Imisebenzi ngenkani abalimi zixhomekeke. ngebhaxa kuba Sasungulwa kuxhomekeke

umphakathi wobukhosi kumazwe aseYurophu baqalisa ukuphuma phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-16. Kungelo xesha ukuba iklasi ekhethekileyo yabantu sele yabelwe - abalimi ababehlala kuloo mmandla kumnini womhlaba okanye uNdikhoyo feudal, kwaye ixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokuyinxenye. Ngaphandle kokukhetha, bonke abalimi ziye phantsi emkhosini. imisebenzi esisiNyanzelo kule klasi baninzi; emigudwini imihla kwilifa feudal ukuya emkhosini. Ubungqongqo imithwalo yabasebenzi zixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka ubudala zomlimi, ubuchule bakhe kunye nezakhono. Amaxesha amaninzi izinduna, esebenzisa amandla akhe, ababeza kuwamisela umthwalo owongezelelweyo kwabo kubo baba ukungathandi lobuqu. Kuyinto imisebenzi ezinyanzelekileyo abalimi abaxhomekeke baba mxholo uphambili aboniswe kweli nqaku.

abalimi kuya, Ngubani na lo?

Cinga imilo ukuxhomekeka abalimi ukusuka umnini okanye uNdikhoyo feudal: epheleleyo kwaye zingagqibeki. Ngokupheleleyo ixhomekeke umnini abalimi babebizwa ngokobuqu oxhomekeke. isikhundla ekuhlaleni wayengomnye kakhulu yayimbi. Kwakufuneka nje ilungelo lobunini kuyo nayiphi na imiba, kuquka impahla, kodwa ke ilungelo lenkululeko yokuvakalisa, kwaye nobomi babo. Olu hlobo Sasungulwa ukuxhomekeka yaba uphawu uthi apho ubukhoboka yachuma. imisebenzi ngenkani abalimi abaxhomekeke kule klasi akanako umngeni nkqu kwimeko sengqondo ngokungafanelekanga host kubo. Le nkosi feudal, nayo, unelungelo aligwebe umlimi ukuba ukohlwaya ngokubetha aze athabathe ubomi bakhe ngenxa yaso nasiphi na isiphoso.

Part-time ukuxhomekeka abalimi iqulethe ubukhulu becala ngaphantsi lwabo kwezoqoqosho kuNdikhoyo. umsebenzi emasimini okanye zocweyo ze inkosi - Elinye imisebenzi okugunyazisiweyo abalimi zixhomekeke. Ekhonza kwilifa lakhe kwilifa, bona ngexesha elifanayo ube namalungelo ngamnye: ukuhamba ngokukhululekileyo, ukufumana okanye athengise impahla yayo. Ukongeza, ngokubonakala yinkohlakalo okanye unyango olungafanelekanga kuNdikhoyo yamahlwempu feudal kungaba kuxhomekeka kwiinkqubo zomthetho. ngebhaxa ukuba umlimi abaxhomekeke kuthe ukuxhomekeka buso iye kuphelela esebenza ngaphandle ityala okanye irente ukusetyenziswa iziza ilizwe kuye yiNkosi feudal. Ngenxa yokuba abalimi abaninzi abazange bakwazi ukuthenga ipropati umhlaba okanye izixhobo ukuba uliphathe, iinkosi ngokufuthi wasebenzisa eli, kwaye "ityala" emva kuye phakathi kwiminyaka embalwa.

Iimpawu zomsebenzi ngenkani kuqoqosho feudal

Njengayo nayiphi na isenzeko kwezoqoqosho okanye ezentlalo, umsebenzi ngenkani abalimi oxhomekeke nga inokumiselwa iqela lemisebenzi esemqoka iimpawu, ezibandakanya oku kulandelayo:

1. Umlimi oxhomekekileyo kufuneka asebenzise ilizwe elo ke impahla kaNdikhoyo feudal.
2. Ukongezelela ukusebenza ngokwezabelo zabo ezweni layo, kwaye umfama kulinywa kwisiqwenga somhlaba, leyo kuluhlu njenge "Manor", yaye zonke iimveliso kuyo yaba enkosini kuphela wobukhosi.
3. Kuba unyango zorhwebo komhlaba (umlimi kunye Manor) kusetyenziswa izixhobo zolimo, kubandakanywa ihashe ekwelo umfama.
4. Eyona ngokungakhathali Sasungulwa nomsebenzi onyanzelwayo ukuba ohlwaywe ngendlela yokwandisa ubungakanani imali yenkxaso ye (nerhafu) okanye ngokwemiqathango ezongezelelweyo pro bono umsebenzi senkosi feudal (serfdom).

Kwezinye iindlela abasebenzi imveliso yamahlwempu feudal thile ezahlukeneyo. Makhe sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha ngamnye kubo.

Ezicacileyo yenkqubo corvée

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, kukho iintlobo zomsebenzi, apho abantu abaxhomekeke abazange bafumane intlawulo ephakathi eYurophu. Enye imisebenzi okugunyazisiweyo abalimi oxhomekeke - ziyintsikelelo - yasasazwa phantse kulo lonke Koloni naseMpuma Yurophu, kuquka naseRashiya. Umongo olu hlobo inkonzo yaba abemi bayo abaxhomekeke kumasimi feudal usebenzisa uluhlu yakho. Ngelo xesha, umlimi kulinywa ilizwe lakhe, ukukhula kunye ukuvelisa ukutya ukutyiwa kwabo. Eyona ethile ephambili kwinkqubo corvee yaba nesidingo esiqhubekayo ukuba wokongamela uNdikhoyo, ngenxa yokuba kaninzi kunyanzeleke ukuba umsebenzi wenziwe abalimi i "ngandlel '.

Ephakathi Barshchina States (amafama kuxhomekeke kwanyanzeleka ukusebenza) kwakukho malunga nama-8-9 de ngenkulungwane ye-18. Eyona ngokubanzi olu hlobo yabasebenzi ezingahlawulwanga iye abazifumene kummandla Russia kunye karhulumente eyayilapho phantse de ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 phantsi igama "sharecropping".

Iimpawu kuqoqosho irenti ohlawula

Omnye imisebenzi elinyanzelekileyo abalimi abaxhomekeke ephakathi eYurophu - iirenti - kwakukho malunga ngexesha elifanayo lulutho. Umongo kule meko sikuko yokuba phantse lonke inkosi ilizwe, yokuqeshisa umfama abaye baba phezu zabo besebenzisa imali kwabo efanayo.

Isivuno ezifunyenwe iziza, uwahlule ube zahlulo ezimbini, enye yazo kwintlawulo uNdikhoyo feudal kunye nezinye umlimi esetyenziswa ngokwengqiqo yabo. Ngokunxulumene ukusasazeka kunye nokuphuhliswa yezandla zendalo (ukutya) nakwimizi yayidibanisa imali, kwaye kwezinye izindlu, yaye ngabo indawo. abalimi abaxhomekeke enjalo umsebenzi zonyanzelo, njengokuba iirenti zendalo kunye nemali, yanika amandla okuqhubela kwisahlulo nangakumbi zabasebenzi kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ukuphuhliswa kobudlelwane yorhwebo-mali.

rent zabasebenzi

Labour rent njengendlela ngebhaxa wayengomnye ezilula. Kwimeko apho umlimi oxhomekeke Wawathabatha evela isabelo feudal ilizwe, ukufuya isilwanyana, izixhobo basezifama kunye nezinye izixhobo. Njengoko kwentlawulo yokusetyenziswa kwezi mpahla, kwafuneka asebenze ekuvelisweni umnini-ixesha elithile. Hi ndlela leyi, le nkqubo ngebhaxa yaba kakhulu kumazwe aseMpuma, apho phantse akukho ukuxhomekeka ngayo abalimi. Irenti isoloko ihlawulwe imveliso eveliswa kuqoqosho umlimi abaxhomekeke, impahla yendlu, izacholo, ilaphu okanye imali.