Sezifo protozoal

Igama elithi "lenyama" ukusuka elithi "protos" ngesiGrike, elithetha "kuqala" yaye "zoon" elithetha "isilwanyana". Ngoko ke ubukumkani izinto zilula ophilileyo ukuvela eMhlabeni phakathi kwabantu bokuqala. Nangona aphantsi yesakhiwo kunye nemisebenzi ebalulekileyo, iqela elikhulu ezi zidalwa zincinane kwenza abantu kunye nezilwanyana ezibulalayo izifo protozoal. Abanye abantu bosulelwe ezincane ngenxa ityala zabo, kuba ukuthobela msulwa. Kodwa kukho ezilula, baye bafunda ukuba zingene ixhoba ngoncedo kwezinye izilwanyana - iingcongconi, iimpukane, amangolwane kunye nabanye, ukuze basindiswe ukusuka kukulunywa akuyi kusoloko kusenzeka ngamaxesha. Sinikezela inkcazelo eneenkcukacha malunga iimpawu zosulelo, iindlela unyango kunye nothintelo.

abonakale Morphological elula

Iyonke ehlabathini kukho amakhulu iintlobo lenyama. izifo Protozoal ukuba kuphela abo bebeziqhelanisa kwindlela ekumfimfitheni. Elibangela abahlala kuzo zonke iindawo zehlabathi, yaye yonke; emhlabeni, emanzini, emoyeni, kwezinye eziphilayo. Bonke bephela Ziqulethe uluhlu iseli enye kuphela, nto leyo ingqalelo zonke izinto ezibalulekileyo. uyazi kakhulu nje ukuba uhamba njani, kuba utshaba ize iphinde izivelise kwakhona kuphela iyantlukwano elula, kodwa ngokwesondo. uhlobo olwaye lwamfimfitha ngethuba zazivelela ziye zaphuhliswa zaza zadityaniswa iindlela ezahlukeneyo elalana ibe ixhoba layo. Ngoko ke, abo Luhlala izitho phecana zesisu, kusetyenziswa indlela kakhulu yesondlo. Kulo mzekelo, abadala okanye cysts zabo baphume kwindawo yazo host (endleni, umchamo, amathe ngaphantsi), apho zihlala ixesha elithile de qha-ngomlomo indlela (ngokusebenzisa ngezandla ezimdaka kunye nokutya) akayi kweyela umkhosi omtsha. Lenyama, irhorho egazini, hambisa ixhoba kwixhoba ngoncedo igazi-owanyayo izinambuzane. Kukho kwakhona ikutyela, wakhetha umthondo indlela ngokwesini yona host entsha.

Izifo ezibangelwa lenyama

Ukufunyanwa nesifundo namhlanje amagciwane usulelo protozoan ukuba zifo zilandelayo:

- amebiasis;

- imalariya;

- giardiasis;

- toxoplasmosis;

- leishmaniasis;

- isifo ilele;

- babesiosis;

- isifo Chagas;

- itrichomoniasisi;

- balantidiasis;

- sarcocystis (ikakhulu kuchaphazela iinkomo);

- isosporiasis;

- cryptosporidiosis.

Makhe siqwalasele abo ziqhelekileyo kwaye uqale emathunjini ukuba umyalezo efanayo kunye ngezifo.

amoebiasis

Esi sifo kwakhona ngokuba segazi amebic. Enze ukuba iindidi ezithile ziiamoeba ukuba baphile kuphela umntu. izifo Protozoal yale hlobo badluliselwe kuphela umntu sele bosulelekile. segazi Amoebic emi kwindawo yesibini kuluhlu kwezifo ezibulalayo. Kaninzi kwenzeka apho imozulu ishushu kwaye izele ezingcolileyo. Cysts irhorho ituwa ibekwe ngaphandle (emhlabeni, emanzini) apho aphile iiveki eziliqela. Ixhoba entsha bafumane ukutya, amanzi. Zifake ekusulelekeni mveliso iimpukane, amaphela kunye nezinye "namaqabane" womntu. Kanye apha emathunjini, cysts kutshabalalisa oonokrwece babo bafakwa amathumbu izihlunu, ebangela ukuba zizilonda kunye necrosis. Ngamanye amaxesha ngegazi, ukuba kuziswe kwezinye izigqeba ezifana esibindini. Ogulayo malunga neveki emva kokuba iimpawu bohlaselo:

- walunywa;

- ubushushu;

- yobuthathaka;

- sorhudo (ngamanye amaxesha negazi yencindi).

Ngaphandle konyango olufanelekileyo, esi sifo kuba esingapheliyo, nto leyo ekhokelela perforation kodonga isisu, peritonitis kunye nezinye iingxaki.

Uxilongo lwenziwa usebenzisa colonoscopy, ultrasound, PCR. Kuba unyango basebenzisa iziyobisi "Metronidazole" okanye "Tinidazole".

Prevention protozoan izifo isisu, kuquka segazi amoebic, iqulathe kakhulu kwi kugcinwe ucoceko kunye nezempilo. Kunyanzelekile ukuba kufuneka:

- phambi kokuzisebenzisa ubilise amanzi asuka amanzi elivulekileyo;

- ngococeko ngesandla nomzimba;

- Hlamba iziqhamo, namaqunube, imifuno, ukuba zityiwe ngabantu;

- etshabalalisa izinambuzane - zithwala izifo.

Kwakhona, ukwenzela ukuthintela ukuba baqhube uphando lwabo bonke abasebenzi abaqeshwe yokudla, kwaye obuselukhambeni, apho isifo lafunyanwa isela elo, yisa kweentsholongwane epheleleyo.

giardiasis

izifo Protozoal ukuba ihlelwa isisu, kwaye ziquka isifo. Oku kubangelwa Giardia. Ngokungafaniyo ziiamoeba ukuba idluliselwe abantu izinja, iikati, iimpuku, apho, nazo, olwaye lwamfimfitha. Izinto ezibangela losulelo, njengoko kunjalo amebiasis, kukho ukunqongophala ucoceko kunye nezempilo. Giardia olwaye lwamfimfitha kuphela emathunjini amancinci, yaye bafudukela elinzima cysts ifomu ukuba ilindle akhutshelwe ngaphandle. Kwindawo abahlala ngaphezu kwenyanga. Zonke izifo isisu protozoan eziliqela iimpawu ezifanayo - iintlungu esiswini, silale, ukudinwa, urhudo.

Xa giardiasis wongezelela kubo isicaphucaphu, dermatitis negazi, kwekhono ka iphecana biliary, kunye nokurhuda indawo okwethutyana lock. Igazi kubulongwe ngokuqhelekileyo akakho, kodwa yencindi ekhona.

Uxilongo lwe giardiasis lwenziwa usebenzisa ubukho ilindle kukho cyst.

Unyango oluqhutywa manqanaba:

1. Ukususwa yetyhefu kunye nokufunyanwa umsebenzi namathumbu.

2. Sebenzisa "Trichopolum" amalungiselelo "Tiberal" kunye nezinambuzane ezifana utshabalale.

3. Ukomeleza sifo, ukutya, iivithamini kunye probiotics.

Prophylaxis of giardiasis na isifundo ucoceko, ucoceko buqu, kwakunye loviwo abantu, ingakumbi abantwana, xa buyo lwe Giardia.

cryptosporidiosis

Kukho ungayazi ukuba kukho uluhlu olubanzi, kodwa izifo eziyingozi kakhulu protozoal. Omnye wabo - cryptosporidiosis okubangelwa lenyama losapho Cryptosporididae yaye zingabangela ukufa. Bona abosulelwe yi zomlomo-contact, esebenzisa amanzi alunyangwanga lwemilambo, amachibi, nkqu imisele, iziqhamo ezingahlanjwanga okanye imifuno, kwakunye nangexesha ezimpundu. Kuba cryptosporidiosis esiqithini esiyintloko, ixesha bafukanywe ithatha iiveki ezintandathu, maxa wambi inyanga, kwaye uphawu eziphambili urhudo kakhulu. Kwakhona, izigulane kuyagcinwa:

- isicaphucaphu ku ukugabha;

- umkhuhlane;

- intlungu esiswini;

- yombono;

- iimpawu emzimbeni.

Abantu abanesifo high omzimba inokwenzeka ngaphandle iimpawu, kodwa ke babethwele gazi.

Cryptosporidiosis ikhokelela pancreatitis, cholecystitis, cholangitis, ichaphazela imiphunga, nesisu nepancreas. iyindlela enhle inceda ngokupheleleyo usulelo de ephuhliswa.

Uthintelo sanitization ukutya, amanzi, pasteurization ubisi, ucoceko lobuqu ngenyameko.

Izifo isisu protozoal, azixhaphakanga

Ezi ziquka balantidiasis, nto leyo ngumtyholwa ciliate Balantidium coli, kwaye isosporiasis okubangelwa lenyama kwe sodidi Isospora. Ciliates Balantidium coli bahlala kwisiqwenga zesisu eehagu, ogama iimpawu kungangabikho. Xa umzimba yabantu bavela inyama ekrwada okanye ngokusebenzisa i yakudala zonke izifo emathunjini. Iimpawu eziphambili ahlekise iifom balantidiasis zezi urhudo, iintlungu esiswini, ifiva, iimpawu ukunxila. Xa Ukutshintsha sifo ibe luhlobo ezingapheliyo lwe ngokubonakala iimpawu buthathaka okanye nyamalala ngokupheleleyo, kodwa ke umntu uba yenethiwekhi ye gciwane.

Le izospory elula kwindalo bandile kakhulu. Bengena emzimbeni ukuba alimentary iindlela. Ithuba elisuke sidluliselwa kwiiveki enye enesiqingatha, emva koko iqala wayibona esi sifo. Isigulane enefiva, ukugabha, urhudo, iintlungu kakhulu esiswini. In isosporiasis HIV-HIV kunokubangela ukufa. Unyango ikhutshwa phandle arhente elwa "Fansidar", "metronidazole" kunye nabanye.

imalariya

Kukho nezifo protozoal kakhulu, unyango apho akusoloko iphele ngempumelelo. Enye yezi zifo - imalariya. Ngonyaka, ichaphazela abantu abazizigidi ezi-300, apho malunga 750.000 kufa. Oku ezidluliselwa iingcongconi seengcongconi-ethwele ngexesha owanyayo igazi kubo. Kukho lwemalariya ehlabathini lonke, ukongeza kwimimandla yingqele kakhulu, namazinga asezantsi ziyingozi iingcongconi. igazi Plasmodium falciparum wangena kwesibindi, apho kukho umsebenzi fantastic baqale phinda kwiyantlukawano elula. Enye amaphelo anganika eziphilayo 40,000 ophilayo entsha! Biza kubo merozoites. Le nkqubo ithatha indawo isigulana ngaphandle iimpawu. Emva malunga neeveki ezintandathu le merozoites abaselula ushiye isibindi niye egazini. Apha kuqhotyoshelwe ukuba iiseli ezibomvu zegazi kwaye uqale umsebenzi izifo. Kulo mzekelo, yaphawula:

- fever

- blinding intloko ebuhlungu;

- Ukugodola;

- Ukuphalaza;

- yombono;

- ngamanye amaxesha ukulahlekelwa lokuqonda;

- igazi;

- ischemia;

- Ulwabiwo Umchamo mpilo.

Ukutyhubela iminyaka, imalariya liphathwa umkhwinini. amachiza amatsha, afana "Artesunate", "Amodiaquine", "Kotrifazit" "Mefloquine" Ngubani yenzelwe kunye nabanye. Abanye babo kusetyenziselwa kuphela unyango kodwa ngenxa zokuthintela. Malaria lwamachiza, ngelishwa, akukho.

toxoplasmosis

Le usuleleko kuyingozi kakhulu protozoal, ingakumbi iintsana. Phephezela Toxoplasma yayo elula gondii. Umthombo losulelo zininzi kakhulu (ezingaphezu kwe-180 iintlobo), izilwanyana zasekhaya nezasendle. Ngokutsho WHO, toxoplasmosis wathelela ingxenye yesintu. ezibangela abangenwa:

- sebenzisa ezenzwe inyama, amaqanda, ubisi;

- ukunxibelelana izilwanyana abagulayo;

- ngezandla ezimdaka (emva kokusebenza ezigulayo);

- transmission intrauterine;

- igazi kunye / okanye abohlukeneyo amalungu;

- Abazali babantwana - abathwali ezincinane.

Iimpawu kungabandakanya:

- ubushushu;

- intloko ebuhlungu;

- Ukuphalaza;

- ukukhubazeka;

- izitshanguba zezigqeba kunye neenkqubo ezininzi.

Toxoplasmosis kwenzeka iifom ezimbini - etsolo kwaye ezingapheliyo, kwaye isenokuba iziphene okanye lufundiwe.

I-ALS kwiimveku ulihlwempu kakhulu, ukuze basindise ubomi babo lwenziwa unyango lekhamera. akufunwa Amanye ke unyango, njengoko uhlobo nokoyika toxoplasmosis ihamba ngokwayo.

babesiosis

Oku isifo protozoan kuchaphazela abantu kunye nezilwanyana. Umdlali ophethe ka pathogen na amangolwane. zimpawu:

- lobushushu eliphezulu;

- umkhuhlane;

- banzi isibindi kunye udakada.

Izilwanyana kubonisa ukwehla elibukhali, urhudo, ukuqhina, ukuphelelwa umoya, umchamo wegazi, ubisi lwenkomo siyakrakra, iigusha ikuphwe kakubi ukukhulelwa. Yokufa phakathi izilwanyana ukusuka babesiosis - ukuya kwi 80%.

Xa abantu, esi sifo kuba iintlobo ngobulali kakhulu. Unyango amalungiselelo "Beren", "Albargin", "Akaprin" kunye nabanye yenziwe.

Uthintelo izifo protozoal theka igazi-owanyayo izinambuzane, ubuxoki isikakhulu ekonakaleni kwabo, kwakunye nogonyo.

izifo exotic

Ukongeza, kukho nezifo protozoal ngokubanzi kwafunyaniswa kwimimandla nje ezimbalwa. Bayagula, yiya kwi ekhefini okanye emsebenzini. Umzekelo, emvula Afrika ebizwa ngokuba yi-common isifo ukulala, leyo uyabavuza abantu Impukane izibawu. Emva kokuba iimpawu zakhe yokuqala esinayo silume kuvela emva kweeveki 1-3. Kusenokuba intloko ebuhlungu kwaye amalungu abe buhlungu, ifiva, ukurhawuzelela. Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa umntu antsi, ukudideka, nokudideka kwi intshukumo. Unyango ulele amayeza yokugula kuphela.

E Latin America, kukho enye ingxaki, ngokuba isifo Chagas. Sondeza kubantu okanye bephuzana bugs ukuba adlulisela iintlobo lenyama Trypanosoma cruzi. Symptomatology isifo olubanzi njengoko iinkqubo ukudumba kwenzeka amalungu amaninzi: intliziyo, isibindi, izihlunu, ingqondo kunye umnqonqo, kunye notshintsho sisiba mandundu ngokwamalungu kulo mzekelo ayibuyiseki umva. Isifo kwenzeka ngokwamanqanaba amabini. Kuba lokuqala luphawulwa iintlungu esiswini, isifuba, izihlunu umzimba uphela, ukusilela intliziyo, ifiva, ukuphelelwa umoya. I sesibini uninzi sifo nazimpawu, kodwa ezinye iimpawu yomonakalo kwi-luvo, yokucola ukutya nokulwa sentliziyo.

Uthintelo protozoal nobalo izifo

Elibangela HIV ngeendlela ezininzi ezifanayo usulelo ntsholongwane. Ngoko ke, phantse zonke iintlobo lemikhuhlane (shock, etyheli, West Nile, Karelian) kubangele iintsholongwane ezahlukeneyo ugidime ukusuka sempilweni ukuya iingcongconi abagulayo. Enye elibangela efanayo carrier, kunye iintsholongwane - kwezinambuzane, leyo Eliluma kunokubangela kobuchopho. eyaziwa kakuhle ukuba abaninzi kuthi irotavirus engena umzimba ixhoba, ukuba zokungahambelani nemithetho yezempilo.

Ekubeni umendo usulelo amagciwane protozoan kunye omkhuhlane kakhulu ezahlukene, ukuba kakhulu efanayo kunye nokuthintelwa protozoal kunye nosulelo wentsholongwane egazini. Alukhethi A. T. ngokubambisana ne-GM kunye Eshtokin Abdusalamov FM yakhupha incwadi apho wachaza abaninzi esosulelayo, amagciwane, isifo helminthic. Kwakhona icacisa ukuba abaphathe njani nendlela ukuzikhusela wena kubo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ukuba kufuneka ulandele ngamaxesha onke, - ucoceko kunye nezempilo. Ezi postulates i umqobo-gazi ezininzi zabantu. amanyathelo othintelo nxamnye zosulelo, isinambuzane-umna, yintshabalalo labo kunye nokupheliswa yokuhlala. Kodwa ugonyo - oku yokuthintela ilungileyo losuleleko apho umzimba iphuhlisa nezifo.