Indlela eyingozi sisifo Chagas? Oonobangela, Iimpawu, diagnosis and Treatment

Ngamanye amaxesha izinambuzane ukunikezela umntu engxakini enkulu kakhulu. Omnye wabo - isifo Chagas, okanye isifo Chagas, okubangelwa igazi-owanyayo bugs. Wayichaza iminyaka engaphezu kwama-100 eyadlulayo, ugqirha evela Brazilian Carlos Ribeiro Chagas kunaye immortalized. Igama sifo izandi ezahlukeneyo, ngokuxhomekeke yokubiza amagama discoverer yayo. Ingaba Isifo Chagas kuyingozi nendlela embi ngayo? Impendulo yalo mbuzo nguewe. Ewe, ingozi, nangona kukho abantu abaphila nesi sifo iminyaka ngaphandle uyamazi kokuba bosulelekile. Kodwa oku ngaphandle kunokuba umthetho. Ezivame kakhulu japan isifo lusizi: izigulane kufa kwisithuba kwiinyanga zokuqala emva kokosuleleka. Njani yaye apho sithathe oku usuleleko kwaye kutheni abantu kuwo ngayo ezahlukeneyo ezifana? Masizame ukuyiphendula.

isifo Chagas: indawo ethile

Kuba baseRashiya, ngethamsanqa, ngoxa esi sifo exotic. Kodwa kanye and AIDS kuthi kude, kwindawo ethile eMelika zaphesheya. Le meko efanayo ngalo mzuzu ibonisa kunye nesifo Chagas '. Raspostranen Uphi na yena ngoku? Phakathi kwabantu endle ukuba irejista yalo kwilizwekazi South American yaye kwamanye amazwe zeCaribbean, Brazil, Venezuela, Panama, Mexico, Peru, Argentina, Guatemala, Colombia, Ecuador, Costa Rica, Paraguay, Bolivia, Suriname, El Salvador, French Guiana , Belize, eNicaragua, Honduras. Njengokuba izilwanyana zasendle, nazo abosulelwe Chagas 'izifo (oonomatse, iimpuku, opossums, iikati, izinja kunye nabanye, bebonke iintlobo 150) usuleleko wabona ekude. Inika uloyiko ukuba kungekudala isifo uyakumisa nzulu kwilizwekazi North American. Sele kukho iimeko Texas, Arizona, Southern California kunye Maryland. Ukukhuthaza trypanosomiasis American ehlabathini igalelo yokufuduka labemi, kule minyaka 15-20 edlulileyo, ethatha indawo kwi isikali oko aqinisekiswe. Abahlali lwamazwe eLatin American, bahamba ihlabathi kukhangela ubomi obungcono, abakhenkethi - zikhangela ezintsha. Enye imbangela oqhelekileyo usulelo kukuba amahlwempu kwezi mimandla baqonde kungekuphela nawuphi na umsebenzi, kodwa ngenxa imali ngegazi yaye bathengisa ngamalungu zabo (izintso, amehlo, njl njl). Xa sokuhlola kwezinye iindawo yegazi igazi eUnited States lwabonisa ukuba izinto abanikelayo kunye nesifo Chagas ngaphezu kohlobo ne AIDS. Kwaye ngethuba kuvulwa ababulawa yintliziyo okanye congestive ukusilela intliziyo abantu kummandla Latin American ityhileke ukuba omnye ehlupheka ezimbini ukusuka sifo, udluliselo kuphela ibe luhlobo esinganyangekiyo. Ngoko imida kufutshane elizayo kummandla lwesifo Chagas 'kusenokwenzeka ukuba shwaka.

lo agent causative

Kancinci-yaziwa de isifo Chagas - usuleleko yi izinambuzane ezincinane ezineseli enye-ophilileyo - trypanosomes Cruise (Trypanosoma cruzi). Ngoko ke wabiza Carlos Chagas Institute imbeko Osvaldo Cruz. Ezi zinambuzane ezingenambala (kwifoto, aboniswa egazini isiphawuli anegazi yomguli), kunye namaqumrhu evuthelweyo, ezifana yokuluka. Kwenye isiphelo umntu yomsila ukunceda trypanosomes ukuhamba ngawo umzimba ixhoba (ubukhulu becala igazi). Ukufikelela kubo organ ofunekayo, ukuba angene ngalo inwebu kungena iiseli kwaye zenze bezzhgutikovuyu kuba ifomu yaytsepodobnogo (amastigote). Xa iiseli trypanosomes ukwanda ngamandla, ukwakha veretenopodobnyh "kids" ezintsha misila, leyo ukugqobhoza kungena igazi ixhoba ngenxa ukulungisa ngakumbi komzimba. inkalo embi kakhulu la ababulali ezincinane kukuba bayakwazi ukuphembelela inkqubo omzimba ixhoba, kwanyanzeleka ukuba ayeke ukulwa. Trypanosomes kukhona kuphela indlela ekumfimfitheni yobomi, ukwenza ngaloo ndlela: umntu (isilwanyana) - bug - umntu (silwanyana). Kwezi izangqa, umjikelo ubomi utshintsho fom: ukusuka iqanda abadala. Bona ngenkuthalo phinda kwi bugs esiswini, okusetyenziselwa nokuhlaliswa emzimbeni usempilweni.

Iindlela zosulelo

isifo Chagas ', nto leyo umthuthi - uhlobo olulodwa triatominae bloodsucking, ndathabatha kakhulu ebusuku, xa ulele kumagumbi kwezi izinambuzane abahlala kuzo. Umntu wababiza a joke "bona ndamanga," kuba bakhetha nomntana ikakhulu emilebeni. Igama wanamathela. Noko ke, kungekhona kuyo yonke indawo. E Chile kunye Argentina, zibizwa ngokuba yi plain - vinchuca, oko kuthetha isinambuzane, yaye Brazil - iinwele chinch. Yonke phakathi umkhosi omkhulu triatominae, kukho iintlobo 130 eMelika kuphela wafumana iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-10, nto leyo abathwali yale silwanyana yeyona arhente causative sifo Chagas '. Ukongeza nezinambuzane, angaba ngumntu ogulayo ngokudibana close, xa igazi lakhe lingena emzimbeni izilonda contactee esempilweni apha esikhumbeni. Yintoni na AIDS entsha? Kaninzi usulelo lwenzeka ezibhedlele ngenxa ukutofelwa igazi okanye abohlukeneyo. Iintsana gciwane esizalweni, ukuba inaso esi sifo. Eyona ndlela ngoxolo pick up usulelo - kukutya, nto leyo wavuka endleni neencukuthu. Oku kwenzeka xa kuhovarili abanentsholongwane Chagas nabantu sifo musa ziyahluka ucoceko. Ngoko ke, baya amathuba nxamnye kumazwe triatominae, uyacebiswa ukuba ukhethe indawo yokulala oluphucukileyo ngakumbi (ihotele ingcono), bathenga imifuno kunye neziqhamo ndahlamba ngokucokisekileyo, yaye ikhaya zezidlo, zayincedayo ezinikwa abathengisi bendawo, yekani.

Ingaba bangenwe njani

Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba isifo Chagas misho xa ibug iluma ngesikhumba kwaye iqala nisele igazi. Enyanisweni akunjalo. Uyakwazi alunywe izihlandlo ezilishumi, kwaye uhlale usempilweni. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba usulelo lwenzeka xa ixhoba liya trypanosomes Cruz, ibekwe endleni ka iincukuthu isikhumba sakho okanye ngenwebu yangaphakathi. Ezi zinambuzane kuba amanenekazi, ngubani apho bayadla kwaye crap. Le ndoda ephupheni akwazi ukunceda besonwaya (kunye nezilwanyana nokukhotha) indawo olunywe yinyoka. Ekubeni izinambuzane bangene emzimbeni, kwaye omtsha umnini wayo. Ngokwawo, ibug nempilo ingeyongozi. Kodwa Oluma abantu abosulelekileyo, kokuba wosulelwe phantse ngokupheleleyo trypanosomes, yaye ukulunywa zilandelayo ukuzidlulisa amaxhoba ezintsha sifo Chagas '. Iarhente causative ubomi iphindaphindeke esiswini yayingooqongqothwane. bug esosulelayo ubomi bakhe bonke (malunga kweminyaka emi-2). zilwanyana abaqolileyo ibekwe emathunjini exhoba kunye ituwa ukuba izikhulu. Kanye emzimbeni womntu, kuqala wabandisa trypanosomes kukuninzi egazini, uze izinze kwi izihlunu (ikakhulu entliziyweni zesisu phecana epithelium). abantu abahluphekayo in Latin America bahlala kwiintsapho ezixineneyo, ezinkulu kwizindlu ezidilikileyo, apho iincukuthu kukho nooks ezininzi kunye crannies. Amaxesha amaninzi isifo Chagas yosulela onke amalungu entsapho ziphela nobumelwane. Food for Thought: elebhu izilwanyana abosulelwe kunye trypanosomes, nokuba ulusu sabo yonakele.

Ifom zale sifo

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ixesha prokusyvaniya ulusu iincukuthu yalula kunye imperceptible. Kamva, endaweni kukho ebomvu encinane (kwaye ngamanye amaxesha nto), abanye abantu bakubona ukudumba kunye ukurhawuzelela. Efihliweyo period (bafukanywe), lo gama sisidleleli egazini ixhoba ziqhelisela ngokutyalwa, kungathatha iintsuku ezimbalwa ukuya kwiintsuku ezili-10, ngokuxhomekeke amandla umzimba kumguli wayeka komzimba. Emva koko kuza ifomu ebizwa njalo-bukhali. Yaba ngeli xesha na sifo lethality Chagas kakhulu yingozi '. Ukunyuka ziquka:

• ukunyuka okukhulu lobushushu ukuya kwinqanaba kakhulu;
• umkhuhlane;
• enentloko engapheliyo;
• uphefumla iingxaki;
• ukungasebenzi le intliziyo;
• kakhulu iintlungu esiswini, isifuba, zonke izihlunu;
• ukusilela adrenal;
• ukwanda ndlala nobubovu, udakada, neendawo nkovu.

Yokusungulwa irhorho luvo ingakumbi isifo nzima runs Chagas '. Iimpawu kulo mzekelo zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• ukukhubazeka;
• Ukungezwa yentetha;
• ATHETOSIS;
• abakhubazeke ngokwasengqondweni.

iimpawu:

• iindumbisa zomlomo;
• iindumbisa amehlo;
• ukuthenga isikhumba umbala.

Le fom etsolo nobuhlala iinyanga ezimbini, apho abantu abaninzi (ingakumbi abantwana) kufa. Amaxhoba lobunzima iimpawu eziphambili ngokuyinqaba kwaye esi sifo ingena kwisigaba esilandelayo. Umntu onesifo uba ezosulelayo emva kweentsuku 10-11 emva kokuba elunyiwe.

Ifomu ezingapheliyo

Kweli nqanaba sifo Chagas 'inokuba ixesha elide ngokubanzi sibonakalisa ntoni ngokwawo, ukuba uyaqapheleka nama-80% yezigulane. Trypanosomes akukho uziphakamise egazini yaye inokuqokelelana ancedisana iiseli kumguli ngokuthe ngcembe awatshabalalise. I "Chronicle" ngamaxesha athile wabona ifildi exacerbation kunye kuxolelwe epheleleyo. Chagas ichonge ezi ntlobo zilandelayo sisifo esingapheliyo:

• psevdomiksedematoznaya;
• myxedema;
• thazeke;
• intliziyo.

uhlobo Psevdomiksedematozny iphawulwa yabantwana abaneminyaka eyi-15 nangaphantsi. Kuyinto uphawu ukunyuka okungephi lengqula, nkovu ezalathelwe. Kwisithuba exacerbations ebantwaneni iqala nangecesina, ifiva, tachycardia waphawula. Irhorho infiltrate kungena izihlunu ongama, nto leyo ngokukodwa umlwelwe ubuso bakhe. Ukudumba uphawu kwaye bomvu abonakala abangaboniyo isifo Chagas '. Amafoto thaca kuluhlu olubanzi lwemithombo ezizodwa kwi kwizifundo zonyango, isizathu, ukuba oko ngokuzolileyo, ezingemnandi.

uhlobo Myxedema yohlukile ezibangelwa zangaphambili elikhulu kule ndlala.

uhlobo luvo igcwele ukulibaziseka uphuhliso lwabantwana kunye infantilism.

Wentliziyo ikhokelela pericarditis, bradycardia kunye nezinye iingxaki intliziyo.

Ngenxa lizwe of trypanosomes Cruz ezindongeni amalungu phecana zesisu waphawula achalasia, okt iingxaki izihlunu motility ezi amalungu. Oku kukhokelela kwimiqobo esophageal kunye nongeniselo isisu kwakunye namathumbu. Isigulane uyaxhalaba xa yokuginya ukutya nokuwela wayo ngokusebenzisa kuvuleke iminxunya, ukugabha, belching, ukwehla kobunzima bomzimba nangona umdla eyanelisayo. Ezi mpawu asixhomekeki ukuyondelelana kwendlela ukutya, kwaye kukho ukutya nokuba ulwelo.

ekuxilongweni

isifo Chagas 'lusekiwe ngemiqondiso zangaphandle kwiimviwo kwezonyango yomguli kunye nezifundo kwilebhu phambili igazi ngemicroscope bese ihlaziya serological. Noko ke, ngendlela ezingapheliyo kwesi sifo kwi trypanosomes igazi kuhlala phantsi, ngenxa apho kuba nzima ukubona kubo.

Xa akunakwenzeka ekwahluleni parasite kwisampulu yegazi, ubukho babo ikhangelwe kwiindawo nkovu (ukwenza biopsy).

Kwakhona wasebenzisa xenodiagnosis. Ihlala yokuba umntu ogulayo nempilo ezityalwe iincukuthu elebhu, yaye kamva (emva kweentsuku ezili-14) sifundo, owayebonakele emathunjini zabo izinambuzane okanye hayi.

Enye uvavanyo - inkcubeko igazi akayicingi ukuvavanya izilwanyana.

On zemibono ubuchule gazi ziyasetyenziswa, ezisekelwe phezu abasabela omzimba ezijiko-jiko, kwakunye reactions gammaglyutinatsii elekhtrons, leyo kakhulu, nangona nje ezithile.

iziphumo ibonisa emihle kwaye isampula Mashad-Guerreyro. Oku kusekelwe phezu basabela coupling xa kunconywa, oko kukuthi, ekufunyanisweni kwe-antibodies iantigens ye sisidleleli. Le kulingwa lubaluleke kakhulu kwinqanaba ezingapheliyo zesi sifo xa ezinye iindlela engenamandla ngokukhethekileyo.

unyango

Okwangoku, kukho sele iziyobisi ezinokukunceda wonditshitshisela ngokupheleleyo isifo Chagas. Unyango lusebenza, ngelishwa, kuphela isanda de trypanosomes akukho ukungena kwi amalungu abalulekileyo. Oku "Nifurtimox" yaye "Benznidazole". Baya zingathengwa kwi-US kunye Latin America, ngqongqo kagqirha. Faka amayeza data kwizigulane kunye nefomu zale sifo, abantwana, ngexesha likakade, ngaphandle kokuba uhlobo ezingapheliyo sisifo awuqalanga. Kumanqanaba kamva, ita ayisebenzi. Ngoko ke, zonke izenzo oogqirha swi ukunyanga iingxaki - isifo sentliziyo, iphecana zesisu, luvo, lengqula kunye namanye amaziko.

Outlook

Abantu abaninzi, ingakumbi abo baye kufika emva kokuba uhlobo nokoyika kwakhona ngathi, musa abaqapheli izifo Chagas indlela esiyingozi '. Ukanti wonke unyaka ibangela phantse amawaka 50 abemi kulo mhlaba. Ababenalo ngalo mzuzu, ngokutsho uqikelelo ezahlukahlukeneyo, ukusuka 15 ukuya kwizigidi ezingama-20, kodwa la manani nengathembekanga kakhulu, njengoko amahlwempu, kuquka isifo Chagas / Chagas esizigubungeleyo ingakumbi ngokubanzi dibana oogqirha kunqabile. I-ALS kwesi sifo kukholekileyo kuphela kwiimeko isigulo kwangethuba olululo kunye nonyango. Ngelo isanda, ukuba ixesha athatyathelwe phezulu, ukuchacha mhlawumbi ngokugqibeleleyo. Xa kamva asinyangeki. Kwakhona, akunakwenzeka ukubuyisela amalungu ezichaphazelekayo ezidala batshatyalaliswe. ngonyaka ngamnye, phambi kwe sisifo esingapheliyo ubulala izigulane ezininzi ukusuka ukusilela etsolo entliziyweni, isifo sentliziyo, ukufa kwamalungu kunye nezinye iingxaki zempilo okubangelwa trypanosomes cruzi.

ukuvimbela

Ukuba isifo wamsindisa Chagas ', uthintelo kubaluleke kakhulu njengoko kungekho lugonyo Trypanosoma cruzi. kunjalo oku yingozi kubahlali mimandla:

• eliphezulu kuhlolwe ikhaya lakho ubungqina iindlwane ze bugs kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuze aphumeze ucoceko kumakhaya zinambuzane;
• ukuba kunokwenzeka, ukwakha phezu amalengalenga elukhukweni;
• lwezempilo.

Ukuze kubakhenkethi:

• sokuphepha ukutyelela ehlathini, ingakumbi iimpahla zasehlotyeni evulekileyo;
• indlela ebaluleke ngayo kukhetho lo indawo bubuthongo;
• musa ukuba ahendwe ukuba okukhona naphesheya izimuncumuncu ezinikezelwa ngabathengisi ezitalatweni kunye nemarike (ukuba akukho kakuhle ukuba ukutya yalungiselelwa, elandela imigaqo ucoceko).

For Sanepid:

• ukuhlola iintsana kunye nabantwana abadala omama abhalwe isifo Chagas ';
• enze ukuvuselelwa kwezakhiwo ezindala;
• rhoqo ucoceko zinambuzane kwiindawo ezihlala abantu;
• ukuhlolwa kunikelwe igazi kunye nabaxhasi ukuba kuvavanywa ngononophelo.

Kukho isiphakamiso ukuhlolisisa zonke basemzini abavela kumazwe zikho, ekufuneka kuthintela ukusasazeka kwezifo Chagas kwezinye iingingqi. Noko ke, ngenxa kungcoliseko eliphezulu ingxaki izifo zezilwanyana trypanosomes Cruzi kule minyaka izayo akunakwenzeka ukuba ukusonjululwa.