Hydrocephalus: iimpawu. Hydrocephalus Brain: Oonobangela, diagnosis and Treatment

uxinzelelo High intracranial - yinto uphethwe, apho eliqhelekileyo kubantu abaninzi. Kuyinto eqhelekileyo. Kulo mzekelo, oku kudla kugxekwa, ngaphandle uphando olwaneleyo. Kodwa undoqo leengxaki izifo ezinzulu. Omnye wabo - hydrocephalus. Iimpawu zesi sifo ukubona ngokwaneleyo kwaye kunokubangela imiphumo emibi.

A bit ukwakheka komzimba

Ngexesha eqhelekileyo yokusebenza ingqondo lomntu rhoqo zihlanjwe engamanzi ecacileyo. It uyayondla aze abakhusele kuyo. Kulwelo atyhutyhela kwisithuba phakathi zifaka ezithambileyo kunye choroid kunye kwiCerebellum. Emzimbeni kukho indawo ekhethekileyo - itanki, apho oluhlala. Bona imi Amaza. Ezi iitanki ezidibene omnye komnye spinal nentambo. Lo mba izimvi engamanzi indawo kwi ventricles ezine. Oku ke kuqhelekile.

Ikhupha cerebrospinal fluid egazini. izinga bungama ml 150. Inkqubo yokuphuhlisa ulwelo kunye sokufunxa zilingana. Nokungavisisani yohlenga-hlengiso nemiphumela emibi. Zizizwe iqala ukuze yande ebuchotsheni. Xa oku kukhokelela nokuba ukuhla edalwayo, nayiphi na ukwanda kwemveliso.

Ukuba zaphazanyiswa outflow of fluid, isigulane iphuhlisa hydrocephalus. Iimpawu ibonakala iintsana kunye nabantu abadala. Umthombo wale ngxaki licuthe ijelo phakathi ventricles okanye ukufakwa kakuhle iziselo zomzimba. Kuba nokuqonda ngezifo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe, kukhangeleka ngathi ingqondo (isithombe ephepheni). Amaxesha amaninzi isifo ezingemnandi banesifo sosana. Ngokutsho manani, yonke usana 500th kuzelwe umntu ehlabathini, enalo ingxaki enkulu ikhankanywe ngasentla.

Maxa wambi sifo ayikho yesifo azalwa. Medicine, kukho iimeko apho iimpawu hydrocephalus zithengwe ngexesha ubomi umlinganiswa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, izinto zayo, ulale yokugula. Idla ngokuba sisifo cerebrovascular zobuchopho evusa sisifo esibi.

iintlobo zezifo

Hydrocephalus isahluka ngokungqinelana ngeentlobo noonobangela. Namhlanje amayeza, kukho ukuhlelwa eziliqela zesi sifo.

Ngu ukuqokelelana indawo fluid le sifo zohlulwa ngokwendidi:

1. hydrocephalus yangaphakathi. Ulwelo (CSF) uqokelela kwi ventricles kwi mali kwemfuneko.
2. hydrocephalus ubuchopho lwangaphandle. Kwakhona ngokuba olungaphandle. Ngale ndlela esi sifo waphawula Ukhuliso lwe ulwelo fluid kwisithuba subarachnoid. Ngamanye amazwi, ulwelo yenzelwe kufuphi ukakayi.
3. hydrocephalus Iyonke. Xa olu hlobo utywala obukwinto lonke ebuchotsheni. Wafumana kwi ventricles kunye nendawo subarachnoid. Le fomu elinye igama - hydrocephalus mixed.

Ubangelwa sifo kubantwana

Igqi- ingqondo yokugula kwiintsana na ukuzalwa nzima. Njengomgaqo, sithetha ixesha elide olulophu ukwenzakala ikhombisa okanye umntwana sokuzalwa efunyenweyo.

Ngamanye amaxesha kukho nokwanda fluid kwi ingqondo umntwana nangoku esibelekweni. Le ngezifo edibene udluliselo zosulelo umfazi omithiyo kunye nezifo wentsholongwane egazini. herpes Ingakumbi yingozi, toxoplasmosis, isifo ingaba amathe.

Oku kucingwa ukuba zixhaphakileyo iziphene hydrocephalus ebuchotsheni. iimpawu zayo baqala ukuzibonakalisa kwiinyanga zokuqala zobomi. Noko ke, kubantwana abadala inokuba yokugula. Imithombo, ukumqumbisa ukugula kakhulu, lukhulu. Phakathi kwazo kukho ezi:

• yamathumba ingqondo (ezifana ingqondo kunye umnqonqo);
• meningitis;
• kobuchopho;
• Izifo ezosulelayo (tuberculosis);
• malformations ingqondo kunye yegazi;
• yokopha;
• nokulimala engqondweni ebuhlungu;
• izifo yemfuza.

Ngamanye amaxesha umthombo sifo embi nkqu ukufaka.

Izizathu zesi sifo abadala

Hayi nje ukwenza abantwana bafumana isifo eyoyikekayo. It angabekwa nanini na ubudala. Kukho hydrocephalus, okanye njengoko ibizwa ngokuba edume, unegalimoya yobuchopho abadala ngenxa izifo adluliselwe:

• ukopha ingqondo;
• ngesibetho;
• utyando kwengqondo;
• meningitis;
• izifo oncological zobuchopho;
• nokulimala engqondweni ebuhlungu;
• yoma yengqondo.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, isifo cerebrovascular zobuchopho (yegazi, stroke, hypertension) uba yayiliziko ngokwenene uphuhliso lwe hydrocephalus.

Iimpawu lwezonyango zesi sifo kubantwana

fluid fluid (CSF) wenza umsebenzi ebalulekileyo emzimbeni. It uyasondla ingqondo zonke izondlo amaxolo asuswa kulo zeBlack. ephuma ngexesha ulwelo kubangela ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo umzimba omkhulu. Nakuphi na ukwaphulwa O kukhona naxa ingumbandela ozaliswe ziziphumo. Emva kokuba imveliso ulwelo akatshintshi. Ngenxa yoko, ukuphuphuma ventricles. Ngenxa yoko, kukho ukwanda lwabo.

Olona hlobo uxilongo "hydrocephalus" mpawu:

• ukunyuka ngokukhawuleza intloko (unenxaxheba imilo ukulenza);
• usana whiny kakhulu kwaye ocaphuka msinya;
• Umntwana usoloko vomits bawasebenzisa;
• fontanel liphuma ngaphezu komhlaba lukakayi, akukho pulsation;
• amehlo ezisanda kuzalwa ukuhamba phantsi, umbono kuguga, maxa wambi kukho squint;
• kungaphela uhlaselwe;
• azikhuli uphuhliso emzimbeni nasengqondweni;
• Rhoqo eliphosa intloko emva;
• isikhumba kuba luthuthu;
• jitter nasesilevini omzimba.

Xa abantwana abadala, intloko ayikhuli, kuba amathambo ukakayi ziye ezinyibilikiswe kunye. Ulwelo kunjalo yande. Le ukubonakalalisa ugqirha uza kubona xa sijonga kuhlolwa kobuchopho. Amafoto ziya kwahluka kakhulu ukusuka umfanekiso ukuba aba ngabantu abasempilweni. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abantwana uthwaxwa enentloko engapheliyo, ukugabha, ukuziva isicaphucaphu. Ngamana zifumana ukuhla ezindlebeni, emehlweni. Lo mntwana ubuthathaka apho.

Symptomatology zesi sifo abadala

Ukwahlula ezi mpawu zilandelayo hydrocephalus:

• isiyezi, nantlungu;
• isicaphucaphu, ukugabha;
• ingxolo kwi intloko;
• zesifo;
• iingxaki intshukumo kunye nemisebenzi luvo;
• ukusebenza lehla, imbonakalo namdla, ukudandatheka;
• ukungaboni.

Uphawu abantu sifo abadala eziqhelekileyo okanye okuncinane ukwanda koxinzelelo intracranial. A ecaleni encinane kwisiqhelo ubonakalise hydrocephalus xi yesiqhelo. Abenze lo mbandela hina ngeendleko ulwelo kukhokelela ekutshatyalalisweni ingqondo.

Ukuba endaweni ixubene banesifo hydrocephalus, uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lingaphumi, ngenxa yokuba kaninzi isizathu sifo ilele kwi yoma ebuchotsheni. Ngenxa yoko, ulwelo lizele nje isithuba. Le ndawo kubangelwa yoma.

Features hydrocephalus yangaphandle

Njengoko ngentla waqaphela, esi sifo luphawulwa ukuqokelelana ulwelo ehlabathini ukakayi. Liquor uyakwazi ukunxibelelana ngokukhululekileyo nganye kwasendaweni yayo. Loo zangaphandle hydrocephalus yobuchopho ebizwa evulekileyo. ifomu ezivaliweyo kubandakanya ukwahlulwa olupheleleyo lwazo zonke izithuba kunye ulwelo.

Iimpawu eziphambili zale sifo kubonakala ukudinwa, ubuthathaka, ukozela. Kusenokubakho umbono kabini, intloko ebuhlungu. Kwezinye iimeko - isicaphucaphu, ukugabha. Ukuhamba ukugula Uququzelelo kakuhle yonke intshukumo, utshintsho iqinelwa. Maxa wambi iimpawu ezinjalo wongezelela ngumchamo.

Kukho iimeko apho kukho uphuhliso imperceptible of hydrocephalus. Iimpawu abangekhoyo ngokupheleleyo ixesha elide. Le isigulane wabona umfutho. Headache akwenzeki.

ifomu eziyingozi kakhulu ithathwa hydrocephalus zokumodareyitha. Lubonakala kukungabikho iimpawu kangangeminyaka eliqela. Ngesinye isihlandlo imeko yesigulane kuguga. Umthombo le ngxaki kuxhomekeke kwegazi lobuchopho. Ngokuqhelekileyo, lokufunyaniswa "hydrocephalus ubuchopho nowobulali 'kwiimeko ezininzi ibekwa zazivelela. Ugqirha uyalibona ukungaqheleki kuviwo fundus.

Bokuqonda hydrocephalus yangaphakathi

Olu hlobo lwesifo esibonakala ukuqokelelana ulwelo kwi ventricles. hydrocephalus yangaphakathi enokubangelwa ukufakwa ombi CSF kwi kwithishyu. Izizathu zale meko badluliselwe izifo, ukufa kwamalungu omzimba, subarachnoid kummandla vein occlusion yi thrombus.

Nokubonakaliswa uphawu esi sifo iba yintloko ebuhlungu. Ukuze isicaphucaphu yakhe nadla ngokunxulunyaniswa, kakuhle imisebenzi ezibonwayo kunye eziviwayo. Noko ke, njengokuba ngendlela echazwe apha ngasentla zesi sifo, hydrocephalus abangaxhalabisiyo kakhulu akufuneki ukuzibonakalisa yi naluphi uphawu.

Ifom ngokubanzi sifo

Uphuhliso hydrocephalus loo inxulunyaniswa ukuqokelelana ulwelo kwi ventricles, kwaye kwimimandla kufuphi ukakayi. Ekukholelwa ukuba inkqubo yoma ingqondo kwabangelwa hydrocephalus mixed. Xa olu hlobo iziphumo sifo ukwandiswa ventricles kunye nezithuba subarachnoid. Noko ke, ukunciphisa evusa ukwanda isicwili sobuchopho yome.

Hydrocephalus replacement Joint - ukugula kakhulu apho isithuba ingqondo ithatha ulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal. Umngcipheko kolu hlobo sifo zibandakanya abantu abaneminyaka abaye ene lwegazi, yegazi. Okukuyo olu didi kwezigulane kozinzo omqolo entanyeni, ethole mala. Umngcipheko ukufumana sisifo esibi, yaye abantu babekuthanda utywala.

Kule fomu kweempawu kungangabikho ngokupheleleyo. Okanye kubonakaliswa nesiyezi rhoqo, ukozela olungapheliyo, isicaphucaphu, ukugabha.

ekuxilongweni yokugula

Le uphethwe kunokwenzeka kuphela emva kokuba zoviwo ezipheleleyo malunga nesigulane eso. Ekuqaleni, safunda ngenyameko fundus ocular. Okulandelayo, isigulane luyacetyiswa ukuba bangenele izifundo ezongezelelweyo ezifana neurosonography, MRI, CT. Urhanela isifo esibi evela iimpawu uphawu ubeke uxilongo okokuqala ingcali (wabantwana), i neonatologist, a neurosurgeon okanye luvo.

Iintsana iminyaka ukuya ku-2 ubudala lidla kusetyenziswa indlela efanelekileyo - neurosonography. Loo inkqubo kunokwenzeka logama nje fontanelle lweentsana ayizange ivale. Kwiintsana, kukho ezinye indawo ye lukakayi, ebonakala amathambo mncane kakhulu. Ezi ndawo kuhle "iifestile cuke." Umzekelo, eli ithambo zexeshana kakuhle mkhombe yezi zifundonzulu. Le ndlela ivumela ukumisela ukwandiswa ventricles, zityhila ubukho izitshanguba isithuba-ndlu (cysts, haematomas, ithumba), zokufumanis ezinye iimpazamo ebuchotsheni. Nayo yonke le ndlela zikhankanywe ngasentla olungachanekanga ngokwaneleyo. Ngoko ke abantwana benze MRI engcono.

Uphawu lisahlulayo ukukwazi ukufumanisa omdala ukumamela izikhalazo nomonde. Le yingqokelela data olunzulu kunye noviwo luvo zibonisa kuphuhliso lo ngezifo. Nangona kunjalo, i uviwo elinjalo akwanelanga siqukumbele uxilongo. Ngenxa yoko, izigulane abadala ugqirha lithethelela ukuba i MRI. Ukuba esi sifundo utyhila nayiphi ngezifo ebuchotsheni.

Angiography abadala ukuze izakusetyenziswa endaweni-X imisebe Itomography ukakayi. Ukuba zisenzeka izifo ezinxulumene ne igciwane lohlobo, uvavanyo zelebhu yabelwa i-DNA okanye antibodies kwamagciwane. Xa hydrocephalus omdala umahluko ngamathumba ebuchotsheni. Abantwana - iingxaki yamathambo.

amayeza

Nge slow ukuqhubeka kwesifo kungaba ukhethe unyango endala. Xa abadala, le ndlela unyango imisela uhlobo open zesi sifo. Kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba ukukhetha indlela ukujongana nesi sifo ukhetha kuphela ugqirha.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ubuchopho hydrocephalus kufuneka unyango elondoloza zilandelayo:

1. Ukunciphisa koxinzelelo oluphezulu intracranial. Ukulungiselela iinjongo ezinjalo ugqirha limisela lithetha "Diakarb" "Furosemide". Ukufumana amalungiselelo data wenza ixesha elide. Idla iba umbuzo we kwiinyanga ezimbalwa.
2. Ukunciphisa umlinganiselo wokubanzi. Ithatyathwa ichiza "Glycerol" kakhulu kangangoko "Mannitol".
3. Ukomeleza iimpahla nilinganisele electrolyte ngokupheleleyo. Ukuphumeza oku isiphumo, isicelo izongezo potassium.
4. Ukuncipha kotywala. Kuyinto sixhobo sigqibeleleyo "Acetazolamide."
5. needling Medical. Le nkqubo efanelekileyo kuphela iintsana. Le ndlela ekususeni ulwelo kwemfuneko yobuchopho ngokusebenzisa fontanelle nezarosshy.
6. therapy okubuyisela. Izigulane zikholisa oqeshwe nomgalagala ndawonye, ityuwa webhate. Ukhethe indlela ekhethekileyo iivithamini. Zisebenzisane le unyango desensitizing arhente.
7. Unyango lwezifo leyo eyenza uphuhliso hydrocephalus. Ukufaneleka zolu nyango ngenxa kwifom abazifumene kwesi sifo.

Kwimeko yokusilela unyango ngasentla, oogqirha bacebisa utyando. Inkqubo danae ivumela izigulane ukuphumeza bachache kwezinye iimeko - nkqu lunyango epheleleyo. Maxa wambi ahlinzwe ijolise okusindisa ubomi yesigulane.

unyango Steel. Izimo

Ngelishwa, iindlela zonyango olusebenzayo yomzabalazo nesi sifo nangaliphi na ixesha nje kodwa kuphuhliswa. Olona nyango ngasentla kusetyenziswa iintlobo ndinomoya kwesi sifo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezi ndlela zokunciphisa ngokupheleleyo uxinzelelo intracranial ukukhusela isigulana kwiingxaki. Oogqirha ukulawula ngokungqongqo nemiba ukuhamba hydrocephalus.

Ukuba unayo nayiphi na zinto zifuneka kuqala ukuze ungenelelo ngotyando kufuneka ziqwalaselwe, ezinye Izimo. Akukho imisebenzi zilandelayo awukwazi ukwenziwa ukuba ogulayo:

• elibaleka ukudumba in shell engqondweni;
• iinkqubo ayibuyiseki (blindness, ukungeva ngeendlebe, sokuwa, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo).

ukudlula

Xa kunjalo, ukuba ingqondo zibuyiselwe indlela kwemveliso fluid, ugqirha umisela uqhaqho. kuphela uqhaqho kunganceda kwiimeko ezinjalo. Hydrocephalus kutsha nje kwixa elidlulileyo kupheliswa ngempumelelo kuphela - kudlula uqhaqho.

Injongo yale ngenelelo ngoncedo ukubuyisela imveliso ye CSF yobuchopho. Ukuze wenze oku, wabeka shunt. catheter Ventricular zibekwe ventricle lateral. ivalve Special libonelela ngolawulo lokuphuma fluid. catheter neuropathy kuqaliswa kuloo mmandla atrial okanye kwisisu. Oku kunceda ukwandisa ukufunxeka CSF. Kwezinye iimeko, emva Ukusikwa imali kwezintso kolwelo kusiwa kulo ureter.

Lo msebenzi uye eziliqela iingxaki kunokwenzeka kunye nobubi. Phakathi kwazo kukho ezi zilandelayo:

• shunt isifo;
• umonakalo kwisistim olungisiweyo;
• amalungelo shunt ukusebenza;
• inciphise nencindi ulwelo fluid.

Kwezi meko, kuyimfuneko uphindwe uqhaqho.

utyando endoscopic

Le ndlela yeyona ixhaphakileyo namhlanje. Endoscopy ibandakanya ukusikwa ezincinane. Oku kunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko naziphi na iingxaki. Kumguli, kunciphisa ixesha kwimeko yesiqhelo. Ngexesha kwegazi, ugqirha walathisa yayikukuphuphuma ulwelo kwi itanki wobuchopho ngokuqhelekileyo sikwazi ukufunxa utywala. Ngoko ke, ukuze alulame ukuhamba eqhelekileyo engamanzi. ukusebenza ngempumelelo kuchitha ngokupheleleyo imfuneko ukufaka shunt. Isigulane ubuyela ubomi obuqhelekileyo.

cephalotrypesis

Olu ngenelelo ngoncedo kufuneka hydrocephalus ingqondo, oonobangela leyo, belele ezahlukeneyo kuthintela nencindi kulwelo. Njengomgaqo, sithetha aneurysms, nangezilonda. Kuxhomekeka indawo, baye bakwazi kuvala indlela likvoroprovodyaschie. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, a craniotomy. Ngenxa umthetho, ngexesha utyando ukwenza iindlela ezintsha outflow of ulwelo.

Iziphumo sifo

Isifo kunokukhokelela encephalomalacia - inyama necrosis. Ngenxa yokuba ukuphazamiseka yegazi of zobuchopho yoma kwenzeka. Ezi nkqubo vuhlayiseki. Lidla oko kunokukhokelela hydrocephalus nokukhubazeka. Iimpawu nempembelelo ngokwaneleyo sisiphazamiso kwi ephilayo. Isiguli wawulahla ubuchule ngengqondo kunye motor.

A ingxaki oqhelekileyo esi sifo na dislocation syndrome. Lubonakala yi ucinezelo yobuchopho kunye kukuvela uxinezeleko osezingqondweni, angabikho zingqondweni aze rhoqo.

yesifo azalwa ingamisa nophuhliso na ubudala. Ngenxa i enjalo isigulane esinesiphumo sinyangeke ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokuyinxenye. Kwimeko ngokukhawuleza progression of abantwana kunqabile ukuya kwiminyaka engama-5-6.

amanyathelo othintelo

Umthetho ibalulekileyo kukuba ukuthobela ngokupheleleyo zonke iingcebiso ugqirha ngexesha iziyobisi ukukhulelwa ulwamkelo. Kweli nqanaba, kufuneka ngenyameko ukuthintela naluphi na usulelo, kwaye ingakumbi - intsholongwane. Kucetyiswa phambi ukukhulelwa ukuba ukugonyelwa ezo zifo ukuba ngaphambili umama okhulelweyo akabi buhlungu. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ecaleni ngokupheleleyo ukusetyenziswa kotywala kunye necuba.

Abantu abadala kufuneka silumke malunga nempilo yabo. Ixesha ukuxilonga izifo, babaphatha kakuhle. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi kwezifo kwenkqubo luvo, imithambo yegazi, intliziyo, umqolo. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuthintela ukwenzakala entloko. Ilinganisa best lothintelo nxamnye izifo ezininzi - kuba yinto esebenzayo, indlela yokuphila esempilweni. Zama ukomeleza ngumsebenzi wakho. Nikelani ingqalelo ukuzinza ubunzima. nasinye isifo uya kuba usoyika kwaye!