Ruza General uNikolay Vladimirovich: biography nokufa

Ngokutsho inani elikhulu historiography, le ndoda wadlala indima ebalulekileyo ngokubhukuqwa lobuzwilakhe eRashiya. Ruza Jikelele, monarchist ndeyisekile, enye yaphakanyiswa ku Tsar Nicholas II ukuba asuke, kunokuba ukuxhasa nokunceda ukumkani ukuba ahlale phezu kwetrone. Mlawuli kwabalelwa phezu uncedo iinjengele zakhe, nokuba eyanikelwa ngabo nje.

Emkhosini, Ruza (General elihamba) uye wazibonakalisa wayeyinkokeli abanetalente emkhosini, ngoko weza igunya, kwiBolsheviks wayefuna ukuqhubeka wayalela umkhosi, kodwa kwicala labo. Kodwa ke wala esi sindululo, kwaye ngenxa yoko wabandezeleka kubulawa enogonyamelo.

Ngubani na lo Ruza General? Ukumkani okanye umngcatshi le abavikeli looBawo ngubani ezimanyumnyezi lenze ukhetho enzima? Qwalasela lo mbuzo ngokucacileyo ngaphezulu.

Iminyaka esakhula

UNikolay Vladimirovich Ruzsky - azalelwe kweli phondo ukulungela ukusebenza, wazalwa ngomhla ngoMatshi 6 ngonyaka we-1854.

Iqela imithombo lubonisa ukuba jikelele elizayo yaba nesalamane esikude wembongi Lermontov, owathi wabhala umbongo ezaziwayo-kakuhle "abangazi lutho." Ukuxhasa oku bakhombe data ezibonisa ukuba enye iminyanya uMikhail Yurevich, ngenkulungwane XVIII, ngubani wayengumlawuli Moscow kummandla kwidolophu Ruza, wazala umntwana ozelwe ngaphandle komtshato. Lade lafika inzala kwegama emva mzi apho isigxina imicimbi Lermontov.

Kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba Ruza jikelele wanika nomini theoretical nembongi odumileyo kubaluleke kakhulu. Emva koko ke wayeza wafumana ngokupheleleyo imfundo zoqobo, leyo imithetho ngokufanayo kubo bonke abantwana neentsapho amanene, kodwa Nicholas walahlekelwa uyise bakhe. Emva koko, ubomi bakhe baqalisa ukuphazamisa abasebenzi eyinkunzi Board of Trustees, kodwa jikelele oko elizayo akukho ngokukodwa irked. Sele ebutsheni bakhe Nicholas waphupha omsebenzi yasemkhosini.

iminyaka yokufunda

Ukuze uqalise kelelo ukuya iphupha, Ruza waba abafundi besikolo wamajoni yokuqala, nto leyo ibekwe umzi kwi Neva.

Emva kwexesha elithile waba ngodaba Konstantinovsky yesibini Military School, ogama bafundi waba igosa elihamba. Eyona nto iphawulekayo kukuba ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX izikolo Russian yasemkhosini baqalisa ukusebenzisa le olwaqalwa Tsar Alexander II kunye mbali Dmitriem Milyutinym. Kungenxa yoko le nto Ruza Jikelele, ifoto apho afumaneka kwiincwadi ezininzi phezu ubugcisa imfazwe, kwaye kukho kweli nqaku lokufumana imfundo esemgangathweni, ulungelelene neengxaki kwexesha.

Ukuqala umsebenzi wakhe wamajoni

Emva kokuba egqibe ekholejini, lo mfana waya kukhonza kwi Guards Ubomi Grenadier webutho, njengegosa. Oko yaqala imfazwe Russian-Turkish kwiminyaka embalwa kamva, yaye wazingqina ngokubanzi Ruza elizayo sentsimini yokulwa kuphela kwicala ezintle. Ukubonga sokubonisa isibindi kunye nesibindi Ruza wafumana Order of kwibakala IV St. uAnne. Ekupheleni yegosa imisebenzi zomkhosi wagqiba ukuphucula izakhono zabo kwaye baqeqeshwa kwi Mykolayiv Jikelele Staff Academy. Ootitshala bakhe dumeke V. Sukhomlinov kunye Kuropatkin. Ngoko ke igosa ukusebenzisa olu lwazi xa kusenziwa, khosi ukubuyisela kwemisimelelo kwizithili zomkhosi. UNikolay Vladimirovich waba ingcali umsebenzi yokwenene nenkxaso kunye nokusebenza.

Eli banga elandelayo kwikhondo lakhe inkonzo kwi Kiev Military weSithili njengoko lendlu Jikelele. Emva kwexesha elithile, Ruza get wonyuselwa uMajor General yaye uya nentloko ikomkhulu.

Russian-Japanese imfazwe

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX Russia ebebandakanyeka ungquzulwano zomkhosi eJapan. Jikelele Ruza, ogama biography of umdla omkhulu mbali, uza kukhokela kwikomkhulu yesibini yomkhosi Manchurian. Uya kubonisa iimpawu zazo ezigqwesileyo inkokeli yomkhosi, imikhosi yokhuselo kakuhle ephathiswe kuye kwi-Shahe River. Kodwa maxa wambi impumelelo kunye umva. Ngokukodwa, sithetha imisebenzi ekhubekisayo phantsi Sandepu, leyo yavotelwa phantsi ngenxa yesenzo izigqibo omkhulu.

aqhubeke

Emva kokuba imfazwe Ruzsky wacela ukuba umthetho-21 Army Corps. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX, UNikolai Vladimirovich uye wahlala ngemeko Jikelele elihamba, enxuseneyo ukuba ube yinxalenye yale kwiBhunga Military. Uya kubanika ezisebenzayo umsebenzi kuphuhliso utshintsho emkhosini. Jikelele Ruza i co-umbhali eziliqela kweencwadana kunye nemimiselo. Makabongwe izikhulu ngegalelo lakhe Manual Field ngo-1912. Emva lo msebenzi, UNikolai Vladimirovich wabuyela beenkonzo Kiev Military weSithili, apho wakhonza umncedisi umphathi de ekuqaleni leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi.

1914

Emva kwaqhambuka imfazwe phakathi Amanyeneyo kunye umfelandawonye, elabandakanya Germany kunye Austria-iHungary, umyalelo Russian wathunywa ukuba alwe Ruza South-Western Front, emnike wabayalela Army 3.

ulwalathiso Strategic kule Bekubonela imfazwe kwedabi Compostela, apho uNikolay Vladimirovich, ubudlelane bethu bunaye ngamatutu Jikelele Brusilov, wanceda ukuphosa utshaba kummandla Bukovina naseMpuma Compostela. Kodwa kwakhona linikwe ukufaka eLvov kunye galich. Sele ngasekupheleni kwehlobo ka-1914 Ruza General uNikolay Vladimirovich ezilikhulu kufutshane nozalisekiso lwalo; utshaba lweMedia, nangona iinzame ukunqanda umkhosi Russian emlanjeni liba livithi jay jay kunye Gold. Ekugqibeleni, Lviv yathinjwa, emva koko Brusilov uncome izenzo oogxa-in-ezingalweni zakhe. Wachaza Ruza njani ngenkalipho, nesibindi kunye nenkokheli okrelekrele emkhosini. Kodwa ke intsimi woyisa Compostela wabonisa zombini umgangatho yinkokeli emkhosini. Apho wambonisa open anti-kwamaJuda. Kwakutheni kutshabalalisa abantu bamandulo eseGalicia, Jikelele Ruza? UngumJuda, ngokwembono yakhe, oko ikakhulu ndiyintlola kumanyathelo nokwadala neminqweno yabantu Russian, ngoko olu hlanga kufuneka kucanyagushelwe igazi ngezenzo zakhe.

umsebenzi entsha

UNikolay Vladimirovich zempumelelo kwimisebenzi emkhosini kukhuthazwe, yaye kungekudala baphathiswa myalelo Front North-Western, ogama amajoni boyiswa e East Prussia. Le meko luphawulwa into yokuba umkhosi waseJamani ezazilungiselwe ngcono kakhulu Austria-Hungarian, ngoko ukuba kuqheleke imeko efunekayo yinkokheli onamava emkhosini, indima yayo efanelekileyo jikelele Ruza. Wakwazi zibambe ukumelana notshaba amadabi kwi embindini Vistula naphantsi Polish Lodz. Ke utshaba nje kuphela wayeka ukuphunyezwa kwezicwangciso zabo, kodwa ukwenza igumbi umva.

Ke High Umyalelo German ugqiba ukomeleza indawo yayo kwicala North-West, ukuba alwe jikelele Russian. Ngenxa iimfazwe igazi lutshaba na ukuphatha ukoyisa isixeko Augustow, kodwa uzama ukubenza ikomkhulu Polish ethe asilela.

Xa longquzulwano, eyehlela yi umzi Prasnysh, UNikolai Vladimirovich ikwazile ukwakha ngokuchanekileyo ngamaqhinga zokhuselo, ebangela utshaba wabuyela East Prussia. Jikelele Ruza wayeza ukuhlasela utshaba, bayiqhekeze ukuba smithereens amabutho yaseJamani. Kodwa neenkokeli zomkhosi Russian zithatha omnye Isicombululo: ingqalelo amandla ephambili ekulweni Austria-Hungarians, kunye Front North-Western yaba isebenze njenge ndlela ibhodi kukuthintele German ekhubekisayo.

ukuzilibazisa

Ndaphoxeka esi sicwangciso engenangqondo yemfazwe, bediniwe engqondweni nasemzimbeni ngqwayi, wasinika umyalelo omnye ngaphambili jikelele waya eholideyini achache. Emva kwexesha elithile, uNikolay Vladimirovich iye umthetho i division umkhosi, nto leyo yayiqinisekisa ukuziphendulela Petrograd. Koko, emva "omzimba" ye North-Western Front, ukuya eMntla Ntshona iya kukhokelwa Jikelele kuqala.

Kodwa naxa usebenze kanzima ziya kwakhokelela ngqo nguzwilakhe Nicholas II, akayi baya kululahla amaqhinga Uyalwa ekugqibeleni alidanisi Ruza yaye sele waba phantsi namkhusane ezisesikweni ukuba ukuphinda-ukuthumela ekhefini.

1916

Emva kokuphumla malunga ezintandathu iinyanga, umnini ngokomyalelo St. Anne IV ubungakanani kwakhona umthetho phambili wasentla. Nangoku, wayethembe ukuba umyalelo Russian ingena uhlaselo esebenzayo kunye kwayigqibezela yiJamani. Kodwa ke ukulwa amandla yomkhosi aqala ukunyibilika phambi kwamehlo ethu; amajoni udinwe imfazwe yaye wayefuna nentsonkothileyo ngokukhawuleza ukubuyela iintsapho zabo. Xa, ngexesha uhlaselo kummandla amajoni lweBaltic mutinied yaye engafuni ukuya kwi ekhubekisayo, UNikolai Vladimirovich beqokele ngokubasongela umoya enemvukelo yiNkundla moralizovat.

Noko ke, le migudu ekugqibeleni bengakwazi ukutshintsha indlela yokusebenza, yaye icebo hlaselo boyiswa. Emva kwexesha elithile, yaye yaphela imfazwe ngokwayo.

Isimo sengqondo ngegunya

Ababhali-mbali bathi kutheni Jikelele Ruza abathembekanga ukumkani? Ebusika 1917, yena sixhaswa inyathelo zamasekela kaRhulumente Duma ayeke 'ukujingxela "kunye" nokungaphumeleli "umgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente ngoku ubuso lokumkani Russian. UNikolay Vladimirovich, obemi ngokuqinileyo ekhusela yolawulo yedwa, ebalulekileyo yomgaqo-nkqubo, apho yayibanjelwe ngukumkani. Yena nje, enyanisweni, hayi imithetho, odlulisela inxalenye ebalulekileyo yemicimbi azimeleyo kwi inceba umlimi UGrigory Rasputin, owaba uhlobo 'iimpawu grey' ebudeni bolawulo uNicholas II. Kwakhona wabona ukunganeliseki nokukhula kwinginginya ochaphazelekayo malunga imeko ngaphakathi ubukhosi nangaphaya. Jikelele angathanda ukuba zilawule Russia omtsha waba nguzwilakhe, esisebenzayo ngakumbi, alungele utshintsho, leyo kudala ebesilindelwe kwinkqubo yolawulo karhulumente. Mhlawumbi inxalenye kutheni Jikelele Ruza ndingcatshe ukumkani.

Isindululo ukuphakamisa isithsaba

Ngosuku lokuqala spring kwafika 1917 nguzwilakhe evela Tsarskoye Selo ukuya Pskov, apho ikomkhulu Northern Front. Kodwa akukho namnye wadibana savela xa uloliwe yakhe blue kunye iinkozi zegolide bafika eqongeni. Kuphela emva kwexesha elithile kwakukho UNikolai Vladimirovich, bamlandela ke emotweni, apho waba ngukumkani. Ngosuku olulandelayo Ruza wacebisa umlawuli ukuba asuke ngokuzithandela amagunya kumkani. Emva kwexesha elithile, Jikelele amagqabantshintshi Nicholas II uxwebhu c, aqulathe iimpendulo amajoni noomatiloshe kwi nomnye umbuzo: "? Ke kukulahlwa kwetrone Romanov" "Ngoobani" for "okanye" nxamnye Phantse wonke wakhetha ukhetho yokuqala, ngaphandle Jikelele Kolchak, ngubani wathabatha isikhundla cala. Ezinzulwini zobusuku * uKhesare wamnikela UNikolai Vladimirovich kunye nabameli kaRhulumente Duma le nkqubo apho wabanika amandla kuwabo umzalwana wakhe Michael. Ababephila namhlanje unelungelo lokuba bathi, mhlawumbi, Ruza Jikelele - ungumngcatshi, kodwa ngaba nyhani - debatable.

ukuba ehle

Xa UNikolai Vladimirovich waqonda ukuba iRussia wawa inkqubo yedwa ngokupheleleyo, yena izicelo zongcethezelo ibhatyi yakhe, nto leyo ekugqibeleni unikwe. Ukubuyisela ezempilo, jikelele wathumela eCaucasus. Amandla kweli lizwe wegqitha kuRhulumente Provisional kunye lasehlotyeni lika-1917 Ruza ukuya kwintlanganiso umyalelo otshatsheleyo Armed Forces, nto leyo nayo kuyo abameli ngurhulumente omtsha.

Jikelele yafuna kumalungu karhulumente ukuze ubuyisele uxolo kweli lizwe, ukuphelisa esenzeke ezazikho emkhosini kwaye kweli lizwe. Alexander Kerensky ngoko Ruzsky ngqwabalala alahlwe ukuba uzama ukubuyisela imbali nokubuyisela neNgonyama.

Ukuza ku namandla iiBolsheviks

Xa amandla kweli lizwe wadlulela "ekhohlo" intloko yomkhosi wacaphuka waza wathabatha iindaba. Apho ke ngelo xesha General Ruza? Pyatigorsk liye laba yokusabela yokugqibela kuye. Kungekudala isixeko ilawulwa "red", nto leyo kuthwalelwa phandle ukubanjwa ukuba umphathi onamava yomkhosi Russian. KwiBolsheviks wayesazi malunga merit yakhe anobukroti, ngoko UNikolai Vladimirovich wacela ukuba balwe kwicala labo. Kodwa wala, apho wabulawa kwi Pyatigorsk emangcwabeni. Ruza Jikelele, ukufa ogama yenzekile-Oktobha 19, 1918, yaye abazange baqaphele uloyiso yasekhohlo ebizwa "The Great Oktobha Socialist Revolution", imeko njengoko "ukuphanga ngomlinganiselo omkhulu." Enye indlela okanye omnye, kodwa umphathi baziincamisa lenze igalelo elibalulekileyo ikhomishini yazibandakanya d'AFP yaye wakwazi ukufumana ngokuyinxenye uloyiso i "Ekhohlo", ekugqibeleni kuvuzwa kuye into evinjwa ebomini.