Russia yaMandulo - ilizwe laseMpuma nokuxubana

Russia - ligama eliqhelekileyo imeko yamandulo nokuxubana eMpuma Yurophu. Ukudala Russia liqaphele uphuhliso yembali yehlabathi kwaye wadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubunjweni nobuhlanga abantu baseMpumalanga. Yena wayengomnye ithi ezinkulu yamandulo. Amagama ookumkani nobuntu abaziwayo baye basinda ukutyhubela iinkulungwane. Igama "Rus" - livela kwisizwe Slavic kwegama elifanayo. amagunya Impembelelo ziquka enkulu eYurophu Asia. Ilifa lenkcubeko inika isizukulwana mihla ithuba lokufunda iinkqubo esisiseko ukubunjwa lasisiseko senkcubeko yoluntu.

ukubunjwa

UYayiro - nto igama eliqhelekileyo ngakumbi umhlaba kunye ungubani yobuzwe. imithombo ezahlukeneyo iingcaciso ezahlukeneyo kwemida eRashiya. Xa imithombo zasentshona iye yahlangana igama "Roksolana" okanye "Rusia". Phakathi kwenkulungwane 5 uqalisa ngenkuthalo wayekhupha bonke abemi non-Slavic. Yaye kwabona ngokuthe ngcembe wancedwa ukuba uhleli ungenzi nto, ayakhe imizi yokuqala. Ikakhulu ecaleni kwemilambo. Kukho ukwahlukana okucacileyo phakathi kwezizwe. Krivichi, vyatichi northerners, Elm kunye nabanye. Ngenkulungwane yesithoba, i Vikings ziwela emantla, ngubani ukulungiselela iindawo zokuhlala kwabo, kodwa yingxenye Russia. Oku wadlala indima ebalulekileyo ukuyilwa ngakumbi kwenkcubeko emazweni emantla. Emva kwexesha elithile, i nokuxubana bayonakalisa zokusonjululwa ngokusemthethweni, Norsemen kunye kufakwe. Noko ke, ezinye izithethe zabo yathatyathwa nabantu basekuhlaleni.

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yesithoba, kukho ezininzi kwizixeko ezinkulu. Abavela kwiindawo zesiqhelo ukuba azakubalulwa phambi kwezakhiwo omzimba, kuquka iindonga. Ngoko nangoko kukho amaziko amaninzi enkcubeko kunye noluntu ezifana Novgorod, Rurik ityala, Kiev, Rostov, Yaroslavl, ESmolensk kunye nabanye. Ngokutsho kwababhali-mbali sele izizwe ezininzi waziva oludla ecacileyo kunye nesazisi phakathi bonke abantu Russia. Nangona kunjalo, ubukho kwamaziko ezininzi amandla kuthintele bayamanyana zikarhulumente mnye. Constant iimfazwe yangaphakathi yarhoxiswa izixhobo kwaye iyakuqhwalelisa nophuhliso. umhla okungenzeka yokumanya Mpuma nokuxubana isekwimo omnye ingqalelo 862. Ke izizwe ezimbalwa kuthiwa bayamenywa ukuba ebukumkanini Vikings. Ngelo xesha wabamba yayingeyiyo hambo Rus nxamnye eConstantinople.

kweentyatyambo

Kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini kamva, Prince Oleg wadlulisela ikomkhulu ku eKiev. Yena namadoda akhe bambulala Askold kunye Dir, ngaloo ndlela ubunye eRashiya. amazwe Novgorod naseKiev ezithe de jure ngokwahlukana. Ngoku iqala uphuhliso karhulumente. ubudlelwane borhwebo kumiswa Byzantium kunye nezizwe ezininzi kwi-West. Embindini yeshumi kwasondeza inkulu ngenkulungwane Svyatoslav cwangcisa ku Matshi ukuya kwi Khazar Khanate kwaye trashes kuyo. Kamva, unyana wakhe ekugqibeleni imisela ukuphuhliswa kwamandla. Ngowe-988 ubhaptizo kuthatha indawo. Ukususela ngoko Eastern nokuxubana basebenzise amasiko zobuKristu. Yakha iicawa namatye kunye nezakhiwo. OluHanjiswa yokubhala. Xa imithombo Western kukho inkcazo likarhulumente, ngoku ekuthiwa Rus yamandulo. Le nkcazelo jikelele onke amazwe Slavic ukuya ngasempuma. It has ubuhlobo obusenyongweni yaseScandinavia.

Russia lilizwe amaKristu Slavic

Emva kokuba ebhaptiziwe kukho ukunyuka elibukhali ngengqiqo kwezopolitiko. Siza kuseka ubudlelwane namazwe aseYurophu, imitshato phakathi abakhethekileyo. Xa ubukumkani Yaroslav wapapasha ikhowudi yakhe edumileyo umthetho, kukho uhlobo siseko, "Russian iNyaniso". Kuqinisa isikhundla salo eMpuma. Lonke igunya unika iziphumo ezihle. Ukukhaba kuphangwa Polovtsian kunye nezinye izizwe amadlelo. Ukuze kuboyisa amazwe amatsha. Ukuphuhlisa banenkcubeko eyahluke mpela. Nangona kunjalo, le nkqubo baye elinganeno ngamandla emva kokufa Yaroslav. Phakathi inzala yakhe waqalisa uthotho kwengxabano wamagazi. iimfazwe Endless kunye behlasela buthathaka kakhulu Russia. Oko waqalisa ukuqhekeka yayo ibe nazo izilawuli amancinci.

Ukuwa karhulumente Old Russian

Kule meko, iRashiya unenzondelelo kuhlasela enkwantyisayo of Mongol iidyokhwe. Izikhulu akukho ulungelelwaniso olucacileyo ngokufuthi wala ukunceda abanye. I Mongol umkhosi omkhulu ukungena nzulu emazweni Russian. amadabi Bloody Akazange ashiye phantse akukho bani uphilayo. Abahlaseli baphangwe watshisa zokuhlala Slavic. Ngowe-1240 yawa Kiev. Ku ngendlela eyothusayo watshabalalisa iitempile ezininzi nezakhiwo.

Emva koko, iminyaka emininzi eRashiya waba ixhomekeke kwi-mkhosi. Kwaba kuphela ngenkulungwane ye-14, phantsi kwesikhokelo Prince of eMoscow, kufuphi nomlambo Kalka Russian kwawona i Mongol-nangezinto. Ekugqibeleni ivan yaphela nokuhlaselwa wesithathu. Le nkqubo yaphela ukuyilwa karhulumente Russian.