Askold and Dir - iinkosana okuyimfihlakalo Kiev

Imbali Russia yamandulo igcina ezininzi iimfihlelo kunye weemfihlelo. Enye yezi iimfihlelo - iinkosana yokuqala of Kiev, leyo siyazi njengoko Askold kunye Dir. Ngubani baba yi imvelaphi, apho avela khona, owaba enye? Okanye mhlawumbi oko lonke ngumntu omnye?

Zama ukuqonda, ecacisa uguqulelo eqhelekileyo, kwakunye iziganeko eziliqela iindlela ezivumela mbali, ezisekelwe kwiinyaniso ezithile kakhulu.

Inguqulo esemthethweni

Kukholelwa ukuba Askold kunye Dir baba ekuqaleni Vikings - Russ, njengoko zazibizwa. Babengenazo ulwalamano kunye olawulayo inkosana Rurik, kodwa nje "iingangamsha." Yayo Xa Rurik wahlala Novgorod, waqalisa ukusasaza kwisixeko Russian ngayo abantu bakhe abasenyongweni. Ngoko Dir and Askold akabandulula emzantsi befuna indawo efanelekileyo ebhodini. Abo ndandisihla Dnieper phantsi, ndawubona umzi ezukileyo of Kiev, babehlala apho ayindawo. Askold and Dir baye bagqiba ukuba ahlale khona, wathi yena umphathi.

Nokunyaniseka ebantwini, amasiko asekuhlaleni kunye nonqulo. Irhafu ngasekhohlo kwinqanaba elifanayo. Ngaphezu koko, njengoko naziphi na amadoda emantla, aziwa kakuhle imicimbi zomkhosi yeza sikhatshwe iqela kakuhle exhobileyo. Ngoko ke, abantu Kiev wagqiba ekubeni ukugwilika kananjalo nakwamkela ngokuzolileyo nabalawuli yabo entsha.

Around iminyaka 860-866 Askold kunye Dir aye enza iphulo yebhongo emkhosini nxamnye eConstantinople. Ukukhusela isixeko bakho silwe Russes, olawulayo uMlawuli Michael III wagqiba ekubeni ayeke imfazwe Arabhu, yaye wakhawuleza wabuyela komkhulu.

iinkosana Kievan beza phantsi iindonga eConstantinople, nto leyo eba onomtsalane ezimakhulu mabini iinqanawa. Bakhawuleza kwaye ngempumelelo bayiphanga namadlelo kungqinga isixeko. Kule ikomkhulu loBukhosi baseByzantium wadibana isoyikiso loloyiso. Koko uMlawuli UMichael uBhishophu uPhotius waqalisa ukuba bathandazele Ukukhuselwa embindini ngamaKrestu ehlabathini. Ngequbuliso ulwandle rose uqhwithela olubi, owatshabalalisa wayitshabalalisa iinqanawa empini Russes. EConstantinople wasindiswa ngolwalathiso lobuthixo.

Askold and Dir kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukugqiba isivumelwano soxolo ne Byzantium waza wagqiba ukuba babhaptizelwa ubuKristu.

Ngo-879, wafa Novgorod prince Rurik, eshiya ndlalifa kweentsana nonyana Igor nomgcini wakhe - nomzala wakhe, owaziwa ngokuba Amazwi Oleg. Wagqiba ukuba uthathe amandla, hayi kuphela phezu emantla, kodwa phezu kumazwe esemazantsi, ngoko eziqokelelwe nokuxubana Vikings umkhosi obukholekayo aqhankqalaza esinga kwelasezantsi. Wabathobela, kwaye yamandulo ESmolensk Ljubech. Kungekudala kwafika Oleg naseKiev.

Yena wayesazi kakuhle ukuba iinkosana Kievan abe squad eyomeleleyo, yaye iya kukhuseleka ukuze anike igunya. Ngoko Lesiprofeto Oleg wagqiba ukwenza wengcibi yokuluka ke lowo. Wayishiya engundoqo umkhosi wakhe ukuba abalaleli, wegqitha yena ngokwakhe njengoko umrhwebi elinoxolo wamema Askold kunye Dir ukuba ezingxoxweni zabo zorhwebo. Abo ngokukhuselekileyo ukuya kwiintlanganiso, kodwa uhlaselwa ngaphambili nangesemva ngasechwebeni a squad yasemkhosini. Ngokutsho "Tale of adlulileyo Iminyaka", Oleg waya ubambeke abathetheli wabayala ukuba akukho kakuhle yaziwa uhlobo nenkohliso kulawula abantu. Wandula ke wabhekisela kwabo Igor omncinane waza wathi: "Loo isikhulu, nyana Rurik kaThixo!"

Askold and Dir babulawa ngoko nangoko. Udonga kunye iintsalela Askold sisemi kwi eweni le Dnieper, nothuthu Dir kudala waphumla kufutshane ibandla St. Irene.

Ngoko Oleg waqalisa ukulawula eKiev kwi egameni Igor. Yaba nguye lowo isaziso Kiev unina izixeko Russian, embindini kumazwe Russian. Ngo-882, ngexesha lokuqala zala mazwe nezi ndawo Southern sasimanyene phantsi isikhulu sibe sinye.

Olu luguqulelo esemthethweni lweziganeko. Kodwa ababhali-mbali ucinga ezahlukeneyo onokukhetha ngokusekelwe luthelekiso yemihla ezahlukeneyo namabali.

ongakhetha imbali

Umzekelo, kukho ukungavumelani malunga ngemvelaphi Askold kunye Dir. Abanye ababhali-mbali bakholelwa ukuba Askold waba benemfundo kunye owayeyinzala ngqo Dir. Abanye, Noko ke, nguye kuphela Deere Slavic imvelaphi kunye nendima owayamileyo, kunye Askold bakholelwa engeyeyakuni kunye Voivod.

imithombo yamandulo Byzantine xa echaza kwiphulo lomkhosi Rousseau iminyaka 866 ibizwa ukuba isikhulu sibe sinye kuphela, ngoko ke kunokwenzeka ukuba Askold kunye Dir - enye umntu omnye, lo Vikings Askold ngelika Dir. Iguqulwe ukusuka ulwimi kubaphangi Old Deere kwakuthetha "The Beast", nenokuthi kuba isiteketiso, isihloko.

Noko ke, ukuba, ngokuzithemba ubaphatha njengabantu ezimbini ezahlukeneyo, oko kakhulu kusengqiqweni ukucinga ukuba Askold kunye Dir walawula ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo, kunye Tale of adlulileyo Iminyaka zamntu ezihlanganiswe co-nabalawuli. Zakomkhulu akwazi ukuhlanganisa kubo ngokusengqiqweni njengoko nabalawuli ababini abangengobakhe. Ababhali-mbali kukuba akumangalisi ukuba abanto kuwe abathetheli ababini babulawa ngaxeshanye, ngokutsho kweZibhalo, wangcwatywa kwiindawo ezikude enye kwenye. A umlando ioachim uthi Oleg wambulala prince kuphela omnye - Askold kunye Dir, apho igama engakhankanywanga.

Ukuba uthelekisa imithombo emininzi yembali, oko silubona kucacile ukuba Deere waba ngumlawuli wokuqala Kiev waza wahlala ekuqaleni nesiphakathi ngenkulungwane yesi-9, yaye Askold waba ezihlangwini zakhe yaye knyazhestvoval kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane 9.

Njengoko sele sibonile, xa kwimbali Kievan abathetheli iimeko ezininzi phaku, apho kwimbali yethu elide efihliweyo ukholosile. we ukuqhekeka nabo ngenye imini?