Pugachev inhlawulo Bolotnaya Square: umhla. Emelyan Ivanovich Pugachov kwimbali

Emelyan Ivanovich Pugachev yaba Don Cossack, ngubani wehla embalini njengoko inkokeli War the Abalimi ', esenzeka eRashiya ukususela 1773 ukuya 1775. Wathabatha ithuba aphume ngoxa amarhe gqolo ukuba uMlawuli Peter III, kuthiwa ephila, kodwa ngokungekho bagxothwa uCatherine II kunye nesithandwa sakhe Grigori Orlov. Pugachev yaba yeyona olunempumelelo lwazo zonke noosiyazi ebesizenza yasebukhosini.

Uceba DRC

Ekulweni olwaqhubeka Solenikovoy gang ekupheleni kuka-Agasti 1774, abo bavukeli boyiswa. Iintsalela yomkhosi babo kwicala southeasterly ecaleni iVolga. Ngokuhlwa ngoAgasti 25, ngaphambi kokuba afike i-Black Yar, bakwazi ukuwela yokuqala ukusuka kodonga lasekunene lomlambo ngenye ziqithi, waza naye kwelinye icala. Pugachev wakhokela iintsalela zomkhosi wakhe ukuya ngasempuma, awela lo Akhtuba umlambo, phezu kodonga lasekhohlo apho wabiza intlanganiso. Kuye kwathathwa amanyathelo anokuthathwa.

Inkokeli bavukeli wanikela eziliqela iinketho inkunkuma. Eyokuqala kuzo - yihla iVolga kunye uphume ukuya kuLwandle lweCaspian, uze emva koko kwindlela engabonakaliyo ukuya Ukraine nithelele Zaporozhye Cossacks. A ngobuwena yesibini abachaphazelekayo zibhabha Bashkiriya okanye eSiberia.

ngokukhohlisa

Noko ke, ukucwangcisa iindlela zokuphuma, Emelyan Ivanovich Pugachev babengazi ukuba ngeli xesha emva kwakhe isakhiwo sebali aqolileyo, nto leyo ethetha Cossack colonel, wagqiba elilungileyo lokuze amnikele kubo. noogxa bakhe wagqiba ukunika lona kwabasemagunyeni, yaye imbuyekezo kuzamkelela uxolelo evela kurhulumente.

Elo yelenqe wathabatha inxaxheba FF Chumakov, IP Fedulev, I. A. Tvorogov kunye malunga ezimbini elinesibini Yaik Cossacks. Bona eneneni nga pfumelelani na naziphi na izicwangciso Pugachev waza wabeka phambili ukuphikiswa-isindululo ukuya bejonge Uzen. Ukuze benze oku, baza bakhetha indlela yesithili-8 Septemba bafika. Ukuthatha Okwangoku, xa umkhosi ephambili Cossacks wabonakala mgama, abo babemenzele iyelenqe zawa phezu Pugachev. Endleleni eya edolophini Yaik yena kabini ezama ukubaleka, kodwa watsho phantsi. Chumakov kunye netshizi, wakhwela phambili, senze iqela search, babeyalwa ngako yekhulu Harchev. Wamngenisa a Yaitsky kwidolophu labavukeli.

Ngoko ke Wabanjwa Emelyan Pugachev. War abalimi ', ukhokelwa lo mntu ngokungaqhelekanga, kungekudala agqibe, Noko ke, Suvorov kunye Panin kudala babenendlela ngqo kumaphondo wakhathazeka, zibenze amandla wangaphambili.

ngenxa

Kulo ngemibuzo yokuqala Emelyana pugacheva wonyuselwa ngoSeptemba 15 kwidolophu Yaik. Uphando yakhokelela Mavrin kwaye into yokuqala wafumanisa zonke iinkcukacha biography loo mntu. Kamva kwingxelo yakhe Major-General Potemkin, wabhala ukuba Pugachev wazola ebekelwe. Emva kokufika kweentsuku ezintathu ngemibuzo imposter kunye Suvorov uLieutenant-Jikelele, ngubani siqu amanyethelo. Emva koko, lo babanjwa zaye esisiwa Simbirsk. Ukuthutha yavelisa ehokweni encinane ezizodwa ekhwele inqwelo enamavili amabini.

In Simbirsk ukususela nge-2 ukuya kwi-6 Oktobha pugacheva imibuzo nje kuphela, kodwa kwakhona isicelo malunga nxaniso yakhe. Kwafuneka faka yena namaqabane akhe. October 26 Pugachev wathumela eMoscow phantsi egadiwe. Kwi kufika kwikomkhulu, yayigcinwe kumgangatho ongaphantsi kwesakhiwo, leyo kwaku Mint. Kunye naye basiwa kunye nabanye abathathi-nxaxheba kwi qhankqalazo. NgoDisemba 30, iseshoni yokuqala yenkundla, lwenzeka kwi kweTrone Hall of the yesicelo. Ngosuku olulandelayo ndizalelwe apha, kunye Pugachev, ngubani ngamadolo akhe, waphendula imibuzo, uze emva koko ndeva isigwebo. Esi sivakalisi wayengqwabalala: umoni kwikota yokuqala, wonqanyulwa, angabikho intloko yakhe, waza ke iindawo razvezut omzimba kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kulo mzi ngomlilo.

amalungiselelo okugqibela

Umhla yokwenza Pugachev waqeshwa ngoJanuwari 10, 1775. Kusasa kuye entolongweni, makhe umbingeleli Kazan Cathedral archpriest Theodore, ngubani wagwetywa intambo iSidlo. Emva koko, le lori lalo eyadini labavukeli amanqina waza wasihlalisa naye sleigh yakhe. Kunye naye baya ababingeleli ezimbini, yamzama ukuba baguquke izenzo zakhe endleleni.

Esi siganeko njengoko pugacheva isohlwayo, wenza inani elikhulu labantu abaqokelelana Bolotnaya Square kwangonyezi. izigaba ngokwayo wePick ngamacandelo ngamapolisa kwangaphambili kwaye sele ithunyelwe kubo ukuxhasa regiments elihamba. Kwaba ngenkankulu ukuzidambisa uxinzelelo engakholelekiyo isihlwele yabantu. Abantu igcwele kuphela indawo yonke, kodwa ezitratweni abakufutshane. Abantu bangaba njengam phezu kwezindlu zonke izindlu kunye neecawa.

Ukuziphatha kwi ukubulawa Pugachev

Xa umtya nempahla kunye lori badlula Resurrection ibhulorho, Pugachev waphakama waza waqalisa ukuba baqubude kuwo onke amacala. Ngoko wathi ndacela indlela kubantu. Sani amabanjwa bafudukela kummandla wayeka kufutshane itheko. Emelyana pugacheva ne Afanasiem Perfilevym wazisa eqongeni. Emva kwawo wasukuma ezimbalwa ababingeleli, bailiffs, amagosa enkundla kunye babembulala.

Baqala ukufunda okusisiphumo, apho lo mvukeli eziphambili kumaxesha ngamaxesha wabhaptizwa cwaka wathandaza. Emva koko, umbingeleli wayisikelela le ndoda agwetywe afe, wathi amagama ambalwa yintuthuzelo. ngoko Pugachev wanikela isigwebo sakhe yokugqibela ekuqaleni ngala mazwi: "Ndixoleleni, abantu Orthodox ..." yaye ngelo xesha embetha caba kunye besoma babhaptizwe, waphethulela ingqalelo yakhe icawa yesicelo.

iziganeko elandelayo ziye kwenzeka kunokuba ngokukhawuleza. Ukubulawa Pugachev waqalisa nesibakala sokuba ilahla waphakamisa ngamakhamandela waza wazikrazula iingubo, kunye umzuzu kamva entlokweni yakhe igazi ngeenwele eyayibanjelwe ezandleni zakhe umxhomi.

inkumbulo ngawabo

Imbongi kunye fabulist ngexesha Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev, njengezininzi yezikhulu Moscow, wayengekho kude itheko, kwaye akwazi ukubona zonke iinkcukacha zendlela abulawe Pugachev. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba oyintloko labavukeli wayesaziwa njengesela loyikekayo, ongumbhali ebusweni bakhe andizange isaziso nto enogonyamelo okanye zibe nengcwangu. Wachaza ukuba indoda eziqhelekileyo novalo bakhe, ukuphakama medium of, kunye amnyama kunye iindevu etsolo. Ngaphandle, akuyona into efana woMlawuli Peter III, kwakuba Iyamangalisa indlela abantu ukuthatha omnye nomnye.

Enye wokuzibonela ezo ziganeko, Scientist, umbhali-bulumko, Andrey Timofeevich Bolotov, waphawula unxaxho engaqhelekanga kwinkqubo ngokubulawa. Ngokutsho isigwebo, Emelyana pugacheva ukuba quartered t. E., Kuqala kunqumla izandla neenyawo, ngoko kuphela ukusika intloko yakhe. Noko ke, umxhomi wenza okwahlukileyo. OyiNtloko wamaPolisa Arkharov kwakusisiphithiphithi enkulu bamqalekisa umsiki, ngenxa lokongamela enjalo. Ngenxa yoko, iingalo kunye nemilenze zakhe zozibini zinqumkile, umntu enetyala emva kokufa kwakhe.

Grace uCatherine II

Ngaba oku umsiki iliso random, okanye nokuba wenza ngabom? Oku wabhala A. S. Pushkin kwincwadi yakhe "Imbali yemvukelo Pugachev". Apha imbongi wabhekisela ileta evela nokumkani kwisikhulu Volkonsky, eyayisingethe yokuba akavumeli abantu ukuba izaphuli uba kude. Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kokuba ukubulawa ukuba ukuthatha indawo pugacheva n kuthiwa ngomlomo ayihambi ngokusebenzisa oyiNtloko wamaPolisa Arkharova imfihlelo wayalela umsiki, kuyo kuqala Amnqumla intloko Emelyan Pugachev, yaye kuphela emva koko quartered. An into umdla kukuba uKumkanikazi kuthiwa esalelweyo ngqo ukukhankanya naphi na.

Akwaziwa enoba eneneni na okwalathisayo ukuba uCatherine II, kodwa ngaphezu quartering esemthethweni lwaqhutywa Russian. Ukongeza, ukwenziwa karhulumente Pugachev kummandla Umgxobhozo nayo yaba wokugqibela. Ngokutsho isigwebo, intloko yakhe abethelelwe wambatha kuboniswa obala, kunye namalungu omzimba naxa zasiwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo isixeko watshisa ngosuku olulandelayo.

Iziphumo of War the Abalimi '

Ngoko yaphela loo mvukelo, kanye wakhuliswa ziinkampani Cossacks recalcitrant, apho elikhokelwa Emelyan Pugachev. Ngokwembali le umlimi Russian War washiya, azafunyanelwa ndawo nzulu, njengoko bachatshazelwe kakhulu kweli lizwe, ukukhwela eSiberia eMoscow ukusuka Kuban ukuya Murom.

Emva kokugqitywa kwimvukelo Pugachev ngokomyalelo uKumkanikazi uCatherine II wenziwa uluntu Manifesto, echaza ukuba le mvukelo kufuneka abulawe "sobomi obungunaphakade." Kwaye ukuze kupheliswe nkqu memory nakancinane eli xesha igazi elimsulwa, yena wayalelwa ukuba ukuthiya Yaitsky kwidolophu wokuvukela Uralsk.