"Warszawianka" - a ngwenya. Class inkwili "Warszawianka"

Phakathi kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini phantsi kwembali baya ixesha mpumelelo zeteknoloji olululo zonke kwiinkalo zobugcisa, ezenzululwazi kunye nenkcubeko. Xa musa ukubiza eli xesha: senkulungwane ye cybernetics, ixesha ukuhambahamba esibhakabhakeni, kwaye nkqu ilixa iliwa 'n' roll. Kwi-USSR kwi novalo kade, wafakwa ukusebenza isityalo samandla enyukliya yokuqala ehlabathini, oko kwenzeka kwiminyaka emine emva eHiroshima. Icebreaker lokutyala amandla enyukliya nalo kwakhiwa kwi-USSR (1957). Neminyaka emithathu ngaphambili eUnited States yaphehlelelwa ngokusesikweni inkwili zenyukliya "Nautilus". Ixesha le ngwenya zezithuthi yenyukliya. Ndicinga ukuba lweenqanawa ezintywilayo diesel kwake. Kodwa kwenzeka ukuba kwezinye iimeko indawo kubo. Umzekelo bekuya kuba ifrequency kwi ngwenya ehlabathini Project 877 "Warszawianka".

Premier League - ezilungileyo nezingalunganga

Izinto eziluncedo lweenqanawa ezintywilayo ngesityalo ngamandla enyukliya zisekuhleni kanye. akuyomfuneko ukuba umhlaba rhoqo ukuze uyitshaje iibhethri, uluhlu izicelo zokusebenza phantse unlimited, njengoko ixesha elichithwa kubunzulu. Okudingayo ukulayishwa kuphela kungena ubamba ukutya lwawamanzi kwi itanki yamanzi okusela (Noko ke, kukho izityalo kwetyuwa emanzini). Ngaphakathi kule lamagumbi eliphangaleleyo, crew, iimeko basekhaya zezona kakhulu bekhululekile, kwaye kuliwe izakhono zizinto ezifana ukuba iyunithi enye kwanele ukuba amalungiselelo inqwaba eHiroshima. Kodwa ke kukho abathile ukudideka. Vala phantsi reactor oko kunokwenzeka kuphela xa kukho ingozi, ngoko inqanawa sihlala ingxolo. Phantse "walala phantsi" kwaye athule engenakwenzeka.

Enoba isityalo amandla sikhuselekile, kodwa okupholisa ukufudumeza iziphaluka kufuna zokumpompa amanzi olwandle oko ke, nangona buthathaka, kodwa "fonit", kwaye inqanawa elandelayo, ungasebenzisa izixhobo ezinokuvakalelwa "ubale". Ukongeza, nayiphi inkwili (inkwili yenyukliya) has a ngokomlinganiselo, ngenxa yokuba kukho imiqathango phezu kwegazi kwiindawo kuyaphi kwezilwandle.

Kutheni kufuneka ngwenya diesel

Emva kokuba ukuvela azinakulawuleka axhobileyo yeentshaba enokuba aba ezingabonakaliyo cruisers kumphezulu, ezifana iinqanawa baqalisa ukwakha eSoviet Navy. Kungekudala kwacaca ukuba iisampulu ngwenya Russian ziyahluka phesheya, kwaye akusingisi kokhona kulungileyo. Ubhaqo ive kuthetha nabo intle ngokukhawuleza lalatha ophephela ingxolo kunye iinjini. Le ngxaki ingasombululwa kamva, kodwa gqira kade - ekuqaleni yoma ubungozi wagqiba ukunika impendulo yezi zinto. Ngowe-1974, i-Bureau "uPhillip" lifumene inkxaso-Navy Commander S. G. Gorshkova TK, leyo ezidweliswe iimfuno ezingundoqo inqanawa elitsha: ukubonakala ephantsi, uluhlu olubanzi ezisebenzayo kwaye inciphise inani lamalungu enqanaweni. Kwiminyaka emine emva koko, i-zabelo e Komsomolsk-on-Amur waya kuqala "Warszawianka". Inkwili ithobelene nayo yonke imiqathango amanqaku reference yaye igqithile iimeko ezidweliswe kulo ngeendlela ezininzi.

Le fowuni ngwenya

Lweenqanawa ezintywilayo lidla izakhiwo ezimbini, ibekwe omnye komnye (kuba "unodoli ekwiseli" umgaqo).

Ukukhanya fairing iqokobhe, sifihlwe phantsi apho, ekuthiwa CCH (iitanki zokulinganisa engundoqo) kunye TSVB (abancedisayo). Le zokulinganisa ephambili iyilelwe ukwenza ukubagcina entle okanye embi, okt ibonelela kukwazi kunye umkhumbi. itanki Auxiliary kudala usike (ngamanye amazwi, tye longitudinal izindlu ukuthambeka) ukuya isaphetha okanye esinqeni, kwaye akhonze ukulungelelanisa umqulu.

Eli qela, kwezikhali, bonke oomatshini kuyimfuneko, kuquka injini, iibhetri, izincedisi SCE (isithuba umyalelo omkhulu), kuhamba kunye bavingcela ngaphezulu yezindlu esomeleleyo yahlulwe kwiindawo. Ngaba Akukho ngaphandle kunye "Warszawianka". Ngwenya yahlulwe yangamacandelo amathandathu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, owokuqala omnye yokugqibela ibizwa inomzimba, kodwa ke iinqanawa ezo projekthi 877 yi isixhobo kuphela xa impumlo, kunye sonar isithuba mayixhotyiswe ezikhethekileyo tsala-out (phantsi) zam. Kodwa kule kuyilo ethile ayipheli apho.

eyakhayo okungaqhelekanga

UMyili ngokubanzi KB "uPhillip" uYuri Kormilitsin unika imilo kwi umphandle wenqanawa, obabuthandwa imizili yenyukliya. In cross-candelo ngayo kakhulu ngeenxa zonke, ngokwahlukileyo kwezinye betye idizili, atshabalalisa emacaleni. Le izakhelo, leyo, ngokutsho scheme zoqobo, ibekwe ngaphakathi igobhogobho uxinzelelo, eyibeka isithuba intercase ngeendleko isigqibo sokuqala ukuba ukhulule eninzi isithuba, nto leyo eye yaphucuka kakhulu iimeko eziphilayo ukuze abasebenzi nezixhobo wazibeka ndlela kakhulu ifana. Iprojekthi inkwili "Warszawianka" liye laba neenqanawa ezininzi mihla yiSoviet waseManzini kwi inkalo esizisebenzelayo, oomatshini kunye Cybernetics, ngokwenjenjalo kuncitshiswe umthwalo kwi benqanawa - kunye labantu bayo ezincinane - zibekwe kwiimeko ezininzi into abantu kakubi.

ukubonakala low

Sonar isebenza kumgaqo njenge radar oluqhelekileyo. Sonar likhipha la ezimfutshane ezitsho ezisengqiqweni ziboniswe kwi izinto kwamanzi, ukudala umfanekiso le meko. Njengoko kwi "cwaka", kuthetha ukunciphisa ukubonakala ngwenya ikakhulu isekelwe ukunciphisa reflectivity ye komhlaba. Ngaloo ndlela izinto ezizodwa ekhuselweyo "Varshavyanka". Inkwili ezizodwa sound abaninzi umaleko isale, leyo kunciphisa ingxolo evela umatshini kunye nesithuthi iindlela, kwaye ngaxeshanye lubamba a Imiqondiso sonar nakuwubona.

Sophazamiseko kunye cavitation, leyo kuvela ekugqibeleni kufutshane ngomthi wokujika, eyabangela "uPhillip" of abayili bamajikazi ukuba bayeke kubo kufutshane kwisakhelo nqanawa eliphakathi (umzimba phakathi).

Ke ukubonakala ngokwaneleyo ukuba abe 'emngxunyeni black "(ebizwa ngokuba yi-Project 877 hydroacoustics navies NATO). "Warszawianka" Asiyondawo idle uhamba phezu kolwandle yadalwa. Ngwenya ngokwayo kufuneka lizingela iinqanawa utshaba, ngokuba yayifuneka "ngamehlo," yaye "ezindlebeni". Ayinakubhaqa utshaba phambi uya kuba nako ukukubona - oku ngumsebenzi ophambili aba belungu bayehluthe kubo. Sonars ezi ndidi mbini: active and passive. Okokuqala ihlaba pulses yiacoustic, zisebenza ngexesha umgama omkhulu, kodwa zibhenca le nqanawa. Le yesibini isebenzisa umsebenzi enye sonar nengxolo zolwandle, kunzima ukusebenzisa kubo, kodwa ikhuseleke. Kwamanzi udidi "Warszawianka" iphenyane linazo zombini iindidi sonar, yaye ukongezelela kuzo, inkqubo egqibeleleyo zokulungisa kakuhle ulwazi efunyenweyo ngokusekelwe iikhompyutha kwi-ebhodini. technology Applied "etoneleni ive", oko kunciphisa sonar kwicala radiation.

chassis

Ukuze uyitshaje iibhethri ye ngwenya akufuneki zidade ngaphezulu, ngokwaneleyo ukuze kuphakanyiswe RDP (ekwabizwa ngokuba uSnorkel) ukubonelela ukufikelela umoya ngaphandle kunye nokususwa mveliso yokutsha. Diesel isicelo umsi Phantsi ukuba kunciphisa ukubonakala kwe yenqanawa esazulwini solwandle eziphakamileyo.

Esetyenzisiweyo nezinye izinto eziluyilo. idizili Basic (th 5.5. L. C.) isetyenziselwa ukuze inqanawa ihamba, injongo yalo kuphela eziqhuba plane wenkunkuma bamthethela umgcini amabhetri. Ekuhambeni sibazise inika injini enoqoqosho (umthamo-130 l. C.), Bebabini ngaphezulu (nge-102 l. C.) Ngaba redundantly-zokushenxisela. scheme Kinematic into yokuba zonke zontathu iinjini zisebenza ngexesha Screw enye. Kwakhona okhethekileyo, shestilopastny evumela ukuba uphendule ngesantya ephantsi (250 ISityhi. / Min.), Umdali, ngokulandelelanayo, yaye ngaphantsi ingxolo.

izimo

Imiqathango yenkonzo kwiphenyane diesel soloko enzima. Ukongeza umthwalo ngokwasengqondweni, abaqhubi zafumana inani elikhulu neengxaki ezinxulumene intswelo isithuba kwaye ukuzimela elilinganiselweyo. Lweenqanawa ezintywilayo "Warszawianka" uhlobo zahluke kwezinye iinqanawa kule eklasini iimeko ezingcono kakhulu. Lalani amalungu eqela torpedoes akunyanzelekanga ukuba oku tile bekhululekile. Kukho kwakhona iishawa, iholo zabe emayezeni.

"Warszawianka" namhlanje, iprojekthi th 636

Nangona ngobudala le projekthi, imfuneko iklasi izikhephe "Warszawianka" kubalulekile, ngaphandle inqanawa abe anokubanakho kothunyelo kumazwe omkhulu. Indian Navy abaxhobileyo qhu yeeyunithi ngwenya, ezimbini ngomkhombe phantsi kweflegi eAlgeria, benjenjalo Polish Navy. China uthenge kubo ngenxa Navy wabo. Emva kokuba kutshatyalaliswe inkqubo epheleleyo yobusoshiyali uyekile ukusebenza Warsaw Pact ukhuseleko Collective (athanda ukuyibeka embekweni yaye igama iprojekthi) aba izixhobo emazweni NATO, imizekelo emininzi iteknoloji eSoviet, kuquka mihla,. Ukwenzela ukugcina izakhono imikhosi ngwenya kwi kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo, oko kwakufuneka yotshintsho engxamisekileyo inxalenye material kwizithuthi. Ekubeni jikelele scheme kunye isithuthi iingqiqo zibe yimpumelelo, utshintsho ebalulekileyo kumbutho sele zenziwe. Inkwili project "Novorossiysk" "Warszawianka" imodeli entsha ilele St. Petersburg kule ndawo yokwakhela Admiralty ngo-Agasti ka-2010, xa kwaqalisa kuthotho uyilo phambili, ifumene index 636. Kwiminyaka ezayo sihlelwe ukuthoba manzi iinqanawa ezintlanu ngaphezulu. Le elandelayo iza kuba "Rostov-on-Don" yaye "Stary Oskol", abanye inkwili iza kuthiywa isixeko uzuko emkhosini. Iiyunithi ezintsha zenzelwe ukomeleza Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation. Xa yabo sithabathela ingqalelo yonke amava imikhumbi futhi wasebenzisa latest inkqubela inqanawa, isithethi, kunye nobuchwepheshe computer. Lweenqanawa ezintywilayo of Project 636 "Warszawianka" enkonzweni kuya kuba ezinamaphiko "ukuvuleka" imijukujelwa kunye ukulwa radius ka-2500 km.

data yobugcisa kwezikhali

ukubana Full "Varshavyanka" kwamanzi na iitoni 3036 kumphezulu -. 2300 m Njengoko iphenyane atom ngaphantsi kwamanzi ngayo ngokukhawuleza amaqhina 17 (10 kuthelekiswa injini diesel). Ubuninzi inkxaso 636 zeprojekthi ukuntywila ukuba leemitha 300. Vehicle Ubude - phantse 73 eemitha, ububanzi - 10. kwenze sibazise isikhundla ngokungqinelana umthwalo, - ukusuka imitha 6.2 ukuya 6.6. Eli qela liquka abantu 52, yokukhangela elizenzekelayo alondolozwa ukuze iintsuku ezingama-45. Enqanaweni bexhobele abasithandathu inomzimba ukuvuleka 533 imijukujelwa ezine yokulwa.