Orlov Aleksandr Mihaylovich (Leib lazarevic Feldbin) NKVD USSR: ibhayografi

Ngowe-1952, iphephancwadi odumileyo American "Ubomi" epapashwe uthotho lwamanqaku, ebe a ukuzwa wokwenene. In kubo umbhali, owayesakuba hlola yiSoviet, kwaye ngexesha defector, ukuba basabele West - Igor Konstantinovich Berg - waveza ubungqina malunga zolwaphulo-mthetho nolawulo Stalin, nto leyo Besazi, bathi, ngaphakathi, kwaye kwaba negalelo ngqo. Ngubani na lo mntu, nokuba eyabangela ukuba ashiye ikhaya lakhe?

Youth Future Scout

Igama lakhe real - Life lazarevic Feldbin. Wazalwa Agasti 21, 1895 ukuya kwintsapho yamaYuda abahlala kweli kwidolophu kwiphondo Bobruisk, Minsk. Bekuya kuba baphila, akazange washiya ubomi bakhe ekude evela ephithizelayo weSixeko edolophini, kodwa ngowe-1916, xa phakathi kwe kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, wafumana umyalelo okubizela enkundleni kwaye kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukwambatha idyasi zamajoni. Kodwa kwemiqolo promorzshie phambili izikhundla akazange alinde ukuba oselula Leyba Feldbina oye wakhonza ngasemva de ekuqaleni Februwari revolution.

Ukungakwazi kukhokelwa maelstrom of zezepolitiki owatshabalalisa iRussia emva kokuwa le lobuzwilakhe, yena ngoFebruwari 1917 wajoyina Communist Party of the United Internationalists, yenye kubemi koko Social Democrats. Kodwa phakathi bombutho ayizange ihlale ixesha elide - ukuba phakathi oluBomvu Army War Civil, waba lilungu ubomi RCP (b).

Leo lazarevic - umqeshwa weSebe Special

Nisazi ukususela ebuntwaneni ubukrakra yentlupheko kunye nokuthotywa lwesizwe, eveliswa ngumthetho ezaziwayo-kakuhle Pale of ezingokuhlaliswa amaYuda, wayekholelwa ngentliziyo yakhe yonke kwezo ophezulu eziqulethwe apho iiBolsheviks wayevakalisa injongo nemisebenzi yakhe yezopolitiko. Leib Ngelo xesha wayeneminyaka emashumi mabini anantlanu kuphela, yaye yena nabo bonke lokuphathana umfana bagaleleka ukuba alwe nabo, elowo izithixo zakhe ngeembono, ehlasela kumthwalo yolonwabo jikelele.

Ngowe-1920 waba umqeshwa Section Special 12 umkhosi waza wathabatha inxaxheba kukufunyanwa nokupheliswa imibutho counter-olululo Ukraine. Ngenxa yokubonisa le mpi ephawulekayo neempawu lombutho Leyba kunyaka olandelayo wamiselwa umphathi yeyunithi injongo ekhethekileyo. Ngelo xesha litshintsha igama, ukuze kwixesha elizayo onke amaxwebhu adweliswe njengoko Lev Lazarevich Nikolsky.

Inqanaba career nesifundo eMoscow

Ngowe-1921, iqela uqondisa Lva Lazarevicha e Arkhangelsk, ukukhokela Imfihlelo Operations Division. Apha, emva kwethuba elifutshane, wamiselwa intloko yesebe uphando arhente egunyazisiweyo Internet amagosa White Guard abo banikwa ithuba lokuba ushiye eRussia.

Kulo nyaka, uNicholas njengoko umsebenzi azimiseleyo njengelungu RCP (B) lifumana indlela ukufunda eMoscow, apho ichitha iminyaka emine ezayo njengomfundi kwi-School of Law, wadala ngokusekelwe kwi University eMoscow. Lonke eli xesha izifundo eklasini, uhlanganisa umsebenzi ezisebenzayo ukuthotyelwa komthetho, naphezu kugqitywe ulawulo lwezoqoqosho GPU umsebenzi isifundo kwabalelwa, okhokelwa umzala wakhe zinoviy Katznelson.

Service in intelligence amazwe

Career intlola Lva Lazarevicha yaqala ngo-1926, kunye obhaliso kwizikolo zikarhulumente zesebe bezinye iintlanga OGPU. Okukodwa umsebenzi elizayo kwanyanzeleka ukuba aqhubeke ephila phantsi kwegama kucingelwa. Ukususela ngoku, kwema amaxwebhu: Orlov uAleksandr Mikhailovich. Igama Ababesakuba ezokuqala nezokugqibela kuphela emfihlekweni abalawuli HR.

Ukuba abaqeqeshiweyo ngokugqibeleleyo ekubeni iilwimi ezininzi zasemzini, lenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kumazwe amaninzi eYurophu eMelika. Ngokukodwa, oko kwakhokelela iinkozi ukusebenza ngqo Kimom Filbi - igosa eliphezulu le ubukrelekrele British kugaywa arhente intelligence yiSoviet. Ngenxa Orlov lonke uthungelwano arhente zadalwa ngeenxa zonke kuye, ukusebenza kwi eSoviet Union. Le "iqela Cambridge" edumileyo, leyo wangena imbali yehlabathi ingqondo.

ngegolide Spanish

Ngowe-1936 ikhefu i-Spanish Civil War, kunye Orlov uAleksandr Mihaylovich wathunyelwa apho ukunceda urhulumente republic njengoko oyingcali yokhuseleko lwangaphakathi kunye counterintelligence. Apha, kukuthatha yakhe uzilungiselele yakhiwe kwaye kwenziwa utyando ngokutshintshelwa yiSoviet Union, inxalenye enkulu reserve igolide eSpeyin, ngenxa elijikajikayo kuba iitoni 510 intsimbi anqabileyo, ebangela phantse 73% yabo bonke ilifa iSpanish State Bank e isefu eMoscow. YOBOMI njengokuba yena kunye neminye imisebenzi emininzi ukuba wanikela NKVD.

isigqibo esinzima

Ngowe-1936, uStalin ikhuthaze inkqubo ekhokelele ekubeni omnye maxesha anzima kwimbali yeSoviet yaye yaziwa ngokuba nangoloyikiso olukhulu. Ilizwe ngaloo minyaka, nokulatyuza repressions abaninzi ubunzima elandelwa liqela elikhulu yakhulela akukho ndlela abantu abamsulwa. Wathinta phezu inkokheli zopolitiko kunye nomkhosi. abaqali abaninzi kunye amagqala Cheka zaye zasuswa kwizithuba zabo, yaye kamva owabanjwa waza wabulawa ngenxa yezityholo kubonakala mbumbulu-up. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho abantu abaninzi, eyaqala inkonzo yakhe Orlov.

Alexander wayesazi kakuhle ukuba kungekudala emva kokuba Ulindele ukuba bebonke isiphelo sinye. Bethelela ithemba kulo yaye amaninzi ncomo eMoscow of oonozakuzaku sasisebenza kwelinye. Bayalelwa umyalelo kwelokuba ufikelwe ishishini, kwaye wabanjwa kunye neentsapho zabo kanye umgwaqo-moya. NgoFebruwari 1938, ekugqibeleni Orlov yagqiba ukuba ndaphule norhulumente, urhulumente ngawo ingqalelo yolwaphulo-mthetho kwaye yingozi ofayo yena kunye nentsapho yakhe.

flight ngenkani

Ngeli xesha, phantsi kweemeko twisisaka kakhulu wafa ngesiquphe Ongaphezulu Orlov, intloko yesebe bezinye iintlanga NKVD, Abram Slutsky, kwaza ke esikhundleni sakhe ndamiselwa S. M. Shpigelglas. Februwari 17 Alexander wayalelwa ukuba ukudibana naye ababekhwele kweso eSoviet "Svir" nqanawa wafika e Antwerp. Noko ke, kwafuneka isizathu sokukholelwa ukuba, phezulu ematyeni okunyuka, uya abanjwe.

Kwintlanganiso kunye umphathi wakhe omtsha, akazange avele yena. Endaweni yoko, ukuthatha umfazi wakhe, nentombi, kunye iidola ezingamawaka amathandathu evela kwiNgxowa-mali Corporate, Orlov uAleksandr Mihaylovich ngasese waya eFransi, waza ke waya kudlula eKhanada ukuya eUnited States. ESoviet Union lisekhona izalamane. Ukuzikhusela kwimpindezelo kunokwenzeka ukuba ukusithela, iinkozi wathumela incwadi eya NKVD. Kuyo, walumkisa ukuba abachaphazelekayo abantu abasondeleyo kuye, uya kukunika iinkonzo basemzini ulwazi malunga ziintlola yiSoviet esebenza kumazwe awahlukeneyo.

impendulo Amagunya '

Le ngozi Orlov ikwazile ukufumana ikhaya labo kuphela, nto leyo ngokwenene ezingabambi ukuze uphephe sentsilelo othenjisiweyo, kodwa iinkokeli ezininzi ubukrelekrele akayiyekela evela ukusithela. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho uYakobi Serebryansky, ababekhonza njengoko intloko amandla umsebenzi okhethekileyo kwaye umsebenzi abahlali ezilishumi elinesithandathu kumazwe aliqela yasentshona. Wabanjwa kunye nenkosikazi yakhe kunye nesigqibo senkundla isigwebo sokufa. Ngenxa yezizathu awukacaci isigwebo Tamare wayengekanikezelwa ngokubulawa, kwaye sibini kwakhona enokukhululwa, kodwa kunzima ukucinga ukuba banyamezela.

Materials ashicilelwe Orlov

Ukuhlala Melika phantsi igama Igor Konstantinovich Berg, Orlov epapashwe kulindixesha "Ubomi" amanqaku series, leyo sele ikhankanyiwe apha ngasentla. Kubo, wachaza ngokweenkcukacha zolwaphulo-mthetho ulawulo lwamaKomanisi, ingqina kunye ibulala ngenkani apho kukho nexesha inkonzo kwi NKVD. A indawo enkulu kule ncwadi wanikwa kunye nendima Stalin eziphosakeleyo, obenziwa eSoviet Union.

Kamva ezi mathiriyeli zifakiwe kwincwadi epapashwe eNew York ngowe-1953 kwaye iguqulelwe kwiilwimi ezininzi. Esikuzo aye asetyenziswa abaphandi abaninzi engaphambi kokupapashwa kwayo eRashiya ngo-1991. Xa gqira yokuqala, yapapashwa enye incwadi Orlov, eyenzelwe isangqa kakhulu ezithile abafundi - apho ekwabelwana amava wakhe impi yokulwela kunye nemibutho kwekhawuntara-krelekrele.

isimemo kunyuswe

Ngoxa e Melika, Orlov wayefanele ukuba simoyike yimpindezelo abasemagunyeni eMoscow kangangoko ngaphezu kwezinye defectors Soviet, kuba wayesazi ezininzi iimfihlelo iinkonzo bazo. Ukuhlala iminyaka phantsi igama kuzakuthathwa, nokufihla ngenyameko idilesi yakhe, hlola owayesakuba wahlala ingafikeleleki ukuya NKVD yaye kamva iKGB.

Kuphela yee-gqira, i-arhente eSoviet uMikhail Feaktistovu akwazi ukuba wayephi bakhe. Noko ke, amaxesha atshintshile, yaye iinkcukacha ezifumanekayo Orlov, uphulukene ukufaneleka kwayo, ukuze ubomi bakhe sele ukusongela ngokukhethekileyo. Ke Feaktistov Orlov watyelela isibini baza bayinika isimemo eSoviet sikaRhulumente ukuba babuyele ekhaya. Bona qinisekisa inkululeko, Alexander Ivanovich naye abuyele ukuya erenkini zomkhosi zonke izibonelelo amabhaso kuyo.

Orlov wala. Belisele phantsi asixhenxe, ubomi qala kwakhona kweli lizwe apho baye baba beshenxile ukutyhubela iminyaka, abadala abafuni. Alexander wacela nje ukuba iinkokeli zangoku welizwe, nangona Wancinwa izihlandlo ezininzi, i-FBI akazange afumane naluphi na ulwazi malunga womnatha arhente ', wadala kunye nenxaxheba yakhe. Orlov wathi yokuzithenga kundingcatsha abo bathembela kuye ngokupheleleyo, bakhonza ingcamango enye, yena wayeke banconywe.

Emva kokufa kwakhe ngoMatshi 25, 1977, xa kungekho kwiindlalifa, umgwebi federal wayalelwa ukuba kutywinwe kwaye ukulondoloza onke amaxwebhu womfi, kuquka wesandla memoirs. Baye baqhubeka apho de-1999, yaye kuphela emva ezinokuthi zenziwe esidlangalaleni.