Kwimisetyenzana yoqoqosho eAthene and Sparta

Xa inkqubo kwezoqoqosho izixeko zamandulo zamaGrike ziquka imisebenzi kwimarike yemveliso, imisebenzi kunye neenkonzo inzuzo kwaye ukukhawulelana neemfuno zabahlali ze policyholders. umsebenzi Economic Athens njengoko Sparta iye kakhulu swi kwezolimo. Kamva, oku kuquka ukuthengisa kwempahla, sincedwa ukufikelela kwiindlela elwandle.

umsebenzi Economic eAthens yahluke kakhulu Sparta, ngenxa imibutho eyahlukeneyo kunye nendlela yokuphila. Nangona zombini imigaqo bafana - ukuqeshwa amakhoboka ukuze anelise zonke iimfuno elite sigqibo. Iimvelaphi usemva ngentlawulo kwaye ukulahleka komhlaba, amafama kwakhona awele akuyo kwaye anike isivuno ilizwe labo nentlawulo ityala.

Iimeko yophuhliso imisebenzi yezoqoqosho Greece yamandulo

In Hellas amandulo ehamba ngesantya epheleleyo kunye nenkqubela zeteknoloji - ezichaza ekuqaleni kwethuba lwakudala. Kabanzi intsimbi, nokwadala Imveliso - ukusuka ubugcisa, kwathabatha umlinganiswa serial. Inkangeleko mali ezongezelelweyo olukhawulezisiweyo uphuhliso zocweyo yaye yaba negalelo kuba urhwebo ngokubanzi. Ngenxa yoku, ahlale iifama amancinci naphakathi-ertyisi, ubukhoboka ityala waba Ziyanda. ukwanda kwabantu ebukhali lwachaphazela imeko phakathi kwabanini - umzabalazo umbodamo indawo.

Utyunyuziwe yamahlwempu iziza ingqalelo ezandleni iintsapho zesizwe amanene. Konke oku kubonisa ukukhula zentlekele kwezolimo. Kuluntu kuphazanyiswa uzinzo ngokuhamba kwexesha kuvela kolawulo becinezela. ukukhula kobuchule kwenze imisebenzi yobugcisa elizimeleyo ngakumbi kwezoqoqosho nakwezentlalo. Luhlanganisa kunye norhwebo. Kuluntu kukho umaleko labantu olawula ubugcisa - ukwazi ukuba umsebenzi edityaniswe yezoqoqosho kuphela zorhwebo. Ukwenza imiqulu amakhulu umsebenzi bangamakhoboka babesebenzisa. ubukhoboka kwetyala yande awo yayo, abalimi abaninzi zibhuqiwe kwaye evinjwa komhlaba.

kwimisetyenzana yoqoqosho eAthene kunye Sparta, naseRoma waba iimpawu zayo kwaye yahluke kakhulu ukusuka empuma. impumelelo kwezoqoqosho kunye nophuhliso yayisekelwe yabasebenzi amakhoboka, ukuba amakhoboka baba abavelisi bobuncwane bonke eziphathekayo ezi nkqubo. Anakho isigaba yemfazwe okanye amakhoboka, ethengiswa ngayo kwimarike ezizodwa. Amaxesha amaninzi phakathi amakhoboka zabhalwa apho abameli abantu ngumbharbhari abathengisa basebukhosini elilawulayo. URhulumente Akuvunyelwe ukuba ukwenza kwabo abemi babo.

Ezolimo Ancient Greece

Ulimo yengundoqo umsebenzi, abahlali wakhula ingqolowa nerhasi, kodwa ke umthamo ke lokuvuna ayonelanga. Ngenxa ngengingqi esentabeni nomhlaba enamatye kwaba nzima ukulima nokuhleka. indawo Local efanelekileyo ukuze kulinywe omnquma, imithi yeziqhamo, imidiliya. Egadini indawo zokulima ukutya okuziinkozo. Ngenxa isivuno eliphezulu yeminquma kunye kweediliya, abantu basekuhlaleni nje kuphela ukubonelela iimfuno zabo, kodwa abanenxaxheba ekuthengisweni kwemveliso. Noko ke, kwakufuneka igagasi yabasebenzi, ababa ngamakhoboka.

KwanakumaGrike sajika emfutshane, abasebenzi kunye nezilwanyana uyilo. Iinkomo lokuzalanisa langoku, kodwa ngomlinganiselo omncinane. Inyama kunye nobisi amaGrike amandulo ngayo lingenandaba ngakumbi yaye akazange asebenzise babe ukutya ephambili. Nokuzalana amahashe umsebenzi kwezoqoqosho eAtene eGrisi yamandulo zange ahlawule eninzi ingqalelo. KweZolimo ezahlukeneyo imigca imveliso, langoku.

Craft in Ancient Greece

Phakathi kwamasebe ebaluleke kwimveliso unokwakhela ziyakwazi ukuchongeka ulwakhiwo imikhumbi, ingqalelo kakhulu zahlawula iiseramikhi nokuluka, ezemigodi kunye blacksmithing wobugcisa. Kwakukho iqela loomasifundisane ezincinane, nibizwayo ergasteria. Iziphumo zemisebenzi, ezifana inyuka ngokunyuka ukuba isiseko izinto ekrwada, ekube ngokwaneleyo kule kwintsimi yasekuhlaleni, wengxinano kwimarike yasekhaya iwayini entsha, neoli, ukwandiswa kwisigaba yemveliso unokwakhela ezenzé amaGrike ukuya kurhwebo esebenzayo amazwe.

Urhwebo in Ancient Greece

AmaGrike Crafts norhwebo zaye zihlobene. Le iinkosi kwimarike bathengisa iimveliso zabo, athenge izinto kunye nezixhobo umsebenzi amakhoboka, kuthengisiwe kunye neemveliso ukutya. Kwi zitrato kwakukho yezandla ezikhoyo resin, iinkuni, ngethwathwa, nobusi, zeendlovu, intsimbi.

uhlobo ubomvu kunye Spartan yemisebenzi yoqoqosho

kwimisetyenzana yoqoqosho eAthene kunye Sparta azifani. Phantsi Uhlobo lokuqala kuqondwe urhulumente kunye nemisebenzi zorhwebo kunye yobugcisa eziphuhlileyo, ubudlelwane emveliso-mali. Kule imveliso isixeko-ephuhliswe sakhiwa nokuxelenga amakhoboka, ifowuni lwentando yesininzi. yabasebenzi Mass amakhoboka - esinye sezizathu eliye lakhula ngempumelelo umsebenzi yezoqoqosho. Athens, Megara, Rhodes, eKorinte - imizekelo yemigaqo-nkqubo ezinjalo. States nalo hlobo lweshishini kudla ibekwe kufuphi nolwandle, le ndawo encinane, kodwa abahlali zininzi kakhulu. Policy Kumaziko Greece yamandulo, waba phantsi kwempembelelo yabo yonke imisebenzi yezoqoqosho - Athens babegqalwa ibalulekileyo.

Xa Uhlobo Spartan kuquka States kwezolimo apho ezolimo egunyileyo - urhwebo, ubudlelwane yorhwebo-mali nobugcisa abalufumani kuphuhliswa. Kukho inani elikhulu labasebenzi oxhomekeke kuwe, isixhobo oligarchic. Ezi States ziquka Sparta, Boeotia, eThessaly kunye Arcadia.

imisebenzi yezoqoqosho of Sparta e Greece yamandulo

Emva kokoyiswa mmandla kakuhle ze-Doric yabona imfuneko ukwazi ulawulo lwabantu umhlali ukugcina uqeqesho engqongqo. Oku nempembelelo imbonakalo yokuqala karhulumente. E Sparta wayesoloko namandla ezolimo. nkqubo Spartan ijoliswe ekuthatheni imimandla abamelwane bayo ukwandisa kwimimandla yawo. Emva ngasinye Messinian Wars yiSparta (usapho loluntu) got ilizwe enye okanye Claire. Bona bujolise kuphela ukusetyenziswa, ukuzahlula Yayingekho. Claire wasebenza helots (abantu basemaphandleni), kunye Spartiates lonke ixesha yakhe uqeqesho emkhosini, umbutho yomsebenzi yezoqoqosho bathe ochaphazelekayo.

Emva Messinia walahlekelwa inkululeko yawo, phantse bonke abemi balo baba helots. Ngenxa yokuba uqoqosho Sparta kaThixo ezibalelayo ngenxa yawo. helot nganye ukuhlawula ummi irhafu eyamiswa norm ingqolowa, ibhotolo, inyama, iwayini kunye nezinye iimveliso zezolimo. Apofora (servage) kwaba malunga nesiqingatha yesityalo iyonke, abanye abasebenza kuvunyelwa ngoku. Ngenxa kule ukuzimela engaphelelanga maxa wambi zikhona kakuhle-off abahlali. Nangona kunjalo, ubume bentlalo helots ndaphants, Noko ke, ukukhula kwezoqoqosho eAthens nayo wayebongoza amakhoboka ukuba isixa esikhulu umsebenzi ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno zabo.

Sparta yanamhlanje

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, esi sixeko ezilahlekileyo isesebuqaqawulini bayo bokuqala. Ngenkulungwane ye-19 ibe inxalenye enkulu yayo iye yakhiwa. Modern Sparta - ongxowankulu abakhulu, ezitsala abakhenkethi. Uninzi mmandla ezabelwe imisebenzi yezolimo. Ngowe-2001, inani yabemi, kwakukho 18 lamawaka. Man. Inkoliso yabantu balapha inxaxheba kwezolimo. ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ihlawulwa processing leziqhamo omnquma kunye yesitrasi. Le Sparta yayidume ukususela kumaxesha amandulo. Ehlotyeni ungenza nokuba ubone umkhosi imbeko iminquma. Kwinkqubo kuqhutywe iziqhamo ezi imithi inokufumaneka museum dolophu. Chemical, icuba, textile kunye noshishino ukutya imelwe amashishini amancinane mihla Sparta.

umsebenzi Economic eAthens in Ancient Greece

Imbali yokuqala zaseAttica kunye eAthene (dolophu iphambili) ayiqulathanga ulwazi oluninzi. kiso ezivaliweyo ebizwa eupatrides uyazi, nayo yonke enye into abantu - i demo. umsebenzi Economic eAthens kumaxesha amandulo kwakuxhomekeke yokwaphuka kudidi lwesibini yabemi kunye namakhoboka. I kungahlanganisa amafama amancinci naphakathi-ertyisi, shipowners, abarhwebi, amagcisa ezincinane, etc ... Kwiinkulungwane 7-6 BC. e. uluntu lwasemaphandleni ziyancipha, nabalimi zonakale, kuba umhlaba uya kokulahlekelwa. Irhasi - izityalo eziziinkozo kakhulu eyayinako zikhuliswa kwi ezweni zaseAttica. C 6 ekhulwini BC. e. Ezolimo buzinze ukulinywa yeminquma kunye kweediliya. Enzulwini zaseAttica acatshulwe ntlobo ezixabisekileyo nezemarmore, udongwe zeplastiki esetyenziswa zomdongwe. Kwakhona, le ndawo idume kwimigodi isilivere bazizinhanha lizwe. Kumazantsi zaseAttica nabo kwimigodi zentsimbi. umsebenzi Economic eAthens ngamakhoboka savela enkosi kumazwe zichume ngakumbi Pedion okungenanto ibekwe kufuphi nesixeko.

Inzala kunye norhwebo akuxhaphakanga kakhulu, kodwa ekugqibeleni zaba makhulu. Land yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ipropati yosapho, kungekhona phantsi kokuthengiswa okanye imbuyekezo ityala. Kodwa, ababolekisa-Eupatridae siya kunyuka nge ngendlela apho onetyala, ngokusesikweni iinkosi eseleyo, eneneni kwafuneka ukuba inkoliso yesityalo ukusuka nommandla wayo. basebukhosini abaninzi natyetyiswa Bulelani urhwebo lwaselwandle, kunokuba nobunini mhlaba.

Kunye nesiqalo nokufika Solon yi uthotho kutshintsho, kwezoqoqosho koniko eAthene. Ukusebenza emasimini ngaphandle amakhoboka, abantu basemzini, ubomi ezentlalo kunye nezoqoqosho iqela elikhululekileyo yoluntu liphume. Solon uvumela ukuba alahle kwilizwe uba inzuzo enkulu ezinkulu-eupatrides mhlaba. lokuzalanisa Oye kwezityalo ezikwimiyezo, kuncitshiswa iindleko kubulela isonka kumazwe angaphandle kunye nokuthengiswa aphesheya yamafutha omnquma umlomo kwamanye amazwe okuziinkozo. Income abahlali ngcono.

Njengoko Ibali lithi, Solon wayekhuthaza ukwandiswa yobugcisa, ukuqaphela nakwenzeka imali encinane umhlaba ochumileyo ukondla abantu. Wonke uyise kufuneka afundise unyana wakhe nawuphi na isakhono, okanye unyana uya kuba nako, ngokomthetho, ukwala umntu omdala, uyise inkxaso. iingcibi abaninzi abavela kumazwe angaphandle kwakuxhomekeke umsebenzi yezoqoqosho, eAthens benawo ukuba sifudukele kwisixeko yeenkosi nobumi babo. Kuthi kwakufika bakazwilakhe Pisistratus oluphuma ngamandla kwezoqoqosho kweso sixeko. Ngenxa yokwanda kwenani labemi ezidolophini liye lisanda kakhulu inani loomasifundisane wobugcisa, ukusebenza kwi zibuko, urhwebo kunye zezithuthi emkhosini. Ukuze umsebenzi otsaleleke amakhoboka nje kuphela, kodwa nabalimi owaba akukho mhlaba, ngokunjalo ukusebenza kunye ukhetho olufanelekileyo. Ivela ukudalwa kweemarike zangaphakathi nezangaphandle entsha yokuthengisa imveliso imisebenzi yezolimo eAthens kunye lonke zaseAttica. Uninzi zanikwa intengiso zamafutha omnquma. Unxweme Sea Black wanika Abembi bezinto zakudala zokurhweba isiqinisekiso kunye Northern Black Sea Athens ebudeni bolawulo Pisistratus - ATTIC ubumba.

Athens yanamhlanje

Kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane ye-19 yabalasela ukukhula koqoqosho olukhawulezayo eAthens. Emva kokuba sixeko saba likomkhulu, kukho amashishini mveliso. Ngenxa kwimeko yalo entle kwezoqoqosho wejografi, engundoqo isiwe omkhulu uphume Greece neendlela elwandle banzi. Kwi-Greater Athens ngaphezu kwesiqingatha abantu basebenza kwishishini lemveliso. Kukho eyolukiweyo, isikhumba kunye nezihlangu, isinxibo, ukutya, imichiza, isinyithi kunye intsimbi, ushicilelo kunye namanye amashishini. Zalapho, izihluzi metallurgical neoli wahlala kummandla eAthene emva kwemfazwe. Kulo nyaka isixeko ephatha ngaphezu kwezigidi ezi-2.5 zeetoni oyile abathuthwayo ngalo uninzi phesheya (malunga nama-70%), kwaye malunga ne-40% yazo kwamanye amazwe. Iibhanki inkulu Greek ezi eAthene. Ekupheleni kuka-2009 kwaphawula ekuqaleni yokudodobala koqoqosho kunye nemisebenzi yezoqoqosho.

kwimisetyenzana yoqoqosho eAthene and Sparta

imbonakalo komzi, kwakunye nemisebenzi yezoqoqosho baseAtene Sparta, ziye zatshintsha kakhulu ukususela kumaxesha amandulo. Bekuya kubonakala ukuba baphelelwe ngamandla, kodwa akukho bani owaziyo ukuba uza kubhala imbali kwezi nkqubo zimbini yamandulo kwixesha elizayo.