Bolshoi Drama Theatre. BDT: nkulu, imbali

Famous Theatre of St. Petersburg, owayengomnye wokuqala yasekwa emva kokuba October Revolution. Ukutyhubela iminyaka, kuye kwaba okanye abalawuli abadumileyo kunye nabadlali. BDT igqalwa enye zinkundla ezininzi ezintle ehlabathini.

History of Theatre Birthday

Bolshoi Drama Theatre. BDT kwavulwa Februwari 15, 1919. Ngenxa yokungabikho ekwakheni qembu walo wanika midlalo i Conservatory. Igumbi wayengekho shushu yaye kubanda kakhulu, kodwa zonke ubusuku iiholo zizele.

Lo mbono ukuhlela yemiboniso olawulwa yi Mxim Gorky. Yena wondla M. Andreeva - uMkomishinala of zemidlalo zonwabise. Kwakhona ibhekisa wabaseki wegcisa Alexander Benois.

Arts Council, nto leyo ikhokelwe Mxim Gorky, wagqiba umeme kwisikhundla abalawuli Lavrent'ev kunye UNikolai Arbatov. Nomdlali Monakhov wamiselwa zavtruppoy kwaye wenza ukhetho amagcisa. Umlawuli lomculo we ethiyetha waba A. Gauk kunye J.Shaporin. Qembu sele iqokelelwe abacula obalaseleyo, ngoobani abadlali phambili kwezinye zemiboniso, yaye phakathi kwabo kwakukho uYuri Yuriev - movie star kancinane.

BDT wavuka isakhiwo salo ngo-1920 kwaye unanamhla akatshintshi indawo yayo.

Ngaphambi BDT

Ngentwasahlobo yowama-1919 usihlalo webhunga bezobugcisa kwakungu A. Block. Bolshoi Drama Theatre. BDT kwiminyaka yokuqala ebonisa imidlalo ezifana iminkqangiyelo abasunguli balo, ababefuna ukumbona njengenkqubo revolution - nkulu kangangokuba zobugorha yezentlalo. Eqongeni baba imidlalo nemisebenzi Friedrich Schiller, Victor Hugo, Shakespeare, kuba idrama eSoviet alukayifumani lwalo lokukhawulelana nophuhliso. Ngeendlela ezininzi, ubuso yeqonga wagqiba amagcisa yayo. Ezi zibandakanya odumileyo Boris Kustodiev. Njengoko ibango umdlali N. Lejeune, udlala kwindawo yokubonela ngelo xesha, loo ndawo ayizange izixhaso ezisetyenziswayo, izinto ziyinyaniso: ifenitshala lathathwa kumakhaya afumileyo. Nkqu nesinxibo baba ngokwenene. ukudlala "Liyelenqe ye uKumkanikazi" yaye kwango-1925. Indima edlalwa Vyrubova N. Lejeune kunye nokusebenza yena enxibe ilokhwe ukuba ngokwenene nezabelo isimilo sakhe eyayikho ngokwenyani. ukubaluleka Great saqhotyoshelwa umculo, imidlalo yeqonga kusebenzisana B. Asafu, J.Shaporin, I. Vyshnegradsky.

Ukususela ngowe-1921 ukuya 1923 baye utshintsho olukhulu yokubonela apho. Abo bema umthombo wayo: M. Gorky kunye Andreeva - washiya Russia. A. Block wafa. Abanye abadlali babuyela yokubonela, apho wakhonza de isimemo kwi BDT. mlawuli oyiNtloko Lavrentiev washiya isithuba ngo-1921, kodwa emva kweminyaka emibini Babuya yaye yabanjwa kule sikhundla de-1929. Ndemka umzobi yeqonga Alexander Benois. Endaweni yabo abanye abantu abaye bazisa into entsha, zandiswa yaba nkulu edlalwa abantu bemidlalo basekhaya angaphandle kweli xesha.

Ukususela 1929 ukuya 1935 waba umlawuli oyintloko K. yaseTver - umfundi Meyerhold. Ukususela ngoko, inani kweemveliso ezintsha imisebenzi yamandulo lihlile. Eziqwenga classical ezintsha ezimbini owanikelwa ngenxa ixesha lonke yi K. yaseTver. Kwakhethwa kuqala imisebenzi zababhali banamhlanje: Olesha, N. Pogodin, A. Faiko, L. Slavin.

Ngowe-1932 le nkundla igama emva enye Abaseki bayo, kwaye kwaqalisa ukuba kuthiwe "Gorky". Ngoko iintlobo ibandakanya eminye yemisebenzi yombhali.

Ithiyetha iminyaka 1935-1955

Kwakukho ixesha xa Bolshoi Drama Theatre. BDT waphelelwa yoyilo. Eli xesha lweminyaka-20 - ukususela 1935 ukuya 1955. Eli ixesha kubizwa lunengxaki ulwalathiso, ngenxa yokuba abalawuli abanetalente kuvele wavakalisa ngokwabo yeqonga umdla, kodwa akazange ahlale ixesha elide waza washiya yeqonga (ayisoloko ngokuzithandela). K. yaseTver ngo-1935 ndagxothwa esixekweni, yaye kungekudala wadubula. A. Wild bakhonza yeqonga unyaka, ngoko ke wabanjwa. Bonke abalawuli, ezibe emva kwakhe, indixhase yi-avareji yeminyaka 1-2. Ngenxa utshintsho rhoqo labaphathi umoya kwi iqela saxabana, umgangatho kweemveliso liye lehla, BDT ilahlekelwe ukuthandwa, maxa wambi abaphulaphuli incinane abadlali eqongeni, imeko yezimali engaboni kakuhle, kwaye kukho isoyikiso wokuvala.

Xa ubekelwe BDT

Ngo-1956 isikhundla umlawuli oyintloko BDT bamenywa G. Tovstonogov, lowo unikwe amandla. Waqalisa inkonzo yakhe lowo agxothwe abadlali abaninzi. Inkokeli entsha bazama ukutsala oyibukeleyo, ngenxa yesi sizathu, kwi nkulu ka comedy yabonakala. Ekuqaleni kuka-1957 Bolshoi Drama Theatre. BDT wabuyela kwayo ngaphambili, kwaye kwabanjwa nokwenziwa kwi holo ngokupheleleyo. Emva kweminyaka 6 umsebenzi ngu G. Tovstonogov waphumelela udumo umlawuli abanetalente humelelaka. Le nkundla waya kuhambo kwihlabathi jikelele kwaye iye yaphinda yathandwa aphesheya. Georgiy Aleksandrovich waba ngumlawuli oyintloko BDT iminyaka engamashumi amathathu.

End 20 - ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-21

Emva G. Tovstonogov wafa yaye zathathelwa indawo K. Lavrov, owayengekho ngumlawuli, ngoko yeqonga wayesoloko efuna abalawuli. Lavrov wahlanganisa abasebenzi abaqeshwe ngokusisigxina. Noko ke, umntu udla uyamenywa ukuba basebenzisane kunye abalawuli nakumanye amaqonga. Ngowe-1992, BTC ifumene igama layo ngoku. Ngo-2004, i-Bolshoi Drama Theatre Tovstonogov ndizuze umlawuli oyintloko, waba T. Chkheidze, ababambelela isithuba de-2013.

Theatre namhlanje

Ngo March 2013 waba ngumlawuli imifanekiso BDT AG oligorha. Ukususela ngo-2011 ukuya ku-2014 isakhiwo yeqonga kwi Fontanka wavalwa zokubuyiselwa. Septemba 26 sivulwe lalungiswa Bolshoi Drama Theatre. BDT. Photo ngezantsi - lo mfanekiso kwiholo BDT.

I inkundla iziza ezithathu: kwisakhiwo kwi Fontanka amagumbi amabini, yaye omnye - e Kamennoostrovsky yeqonga.

abadlali adumileyo yemidlalo nkulu yayo

Ukutyhubela iminyaka, iqonga bababengezelela abadlali BDT ezifana T. Doronin, V. Strzhelchik, P. Luspekaev, O. Basilashvili, I. Smoktunovskij, A. Freundlich, N. Usatova kunye nabanye abacinga siqhubeke balizukisa Bolshoi Drama Theatre. BDT.

repertoire yakhe ibanzi kakhulu kwaye kuquka nemidlalo Classic nowangoku.

Ukufumana apho

Xa iziko umzi, ngomhla eweni, endlwini kunye nenani 65 ibekwe Bolshoi Drama Theatre. BDT. INcwadi yeeDilesi ye isigaba wayo wesibini - isikhululo metro "Krestovsky Island", indawo yemiboniso endala, 13.