Obunzulu - lelona sebe ibalulekileyo bulumko

Philosophy - kuba yindawo ulwazi, isihloko eseyiphantse akunakwenzeka ukuchaza ngqo. Imibuzo apho bizwa ukuba basabele, zahlukahlukene kakhulu kwaye kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi: ubudala, imeko nzulu ngezinto ezithile. Ngokwemveli, ifilosofi yahlulwe yangamacandelo ezininzi isifundo, apho ubona. Yeendima ezibalulekileyo kakhulu ulwazi ontology yentanda kunye obunzulu, ngokulandelelana, imfundiso yokuba theory kolwazi. Ingaba amashishini kubaluleke kakhulu, ezifana yabantu, ezentlalo bulumko, imbali-bulumko, yokuziphatha, ubuhle, intanda inzululwazi netheknoloji, kwakunye nabanye. Kweli nqaku, senza ngokweenkcukacha candelo ukuze bafunde uhlobo kwingqiqo yabantu.

Obunzulu kunye obunzulu - amagama amabini olwalatha isenzeko efanayo - imfundiso ulwazi bulumko. Ubukho ngokoMthetho ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ngenxa yeemeko zexeshana neendawo:-bulumko ngenkulungwane XVIII waseJamani. ngemfundiso ubuchule nasengqondweni umntu ekuthiwa obunzulu, kwaye bulumko Anglo-American kwinkulungwane XX. - obunzulu.

Obunzulu - yinto uqeqesho bulumko elijongene neengxaki yolwazi lomntu zehlabathi, izakhono zokufunda kunye nemida yayo. Eli sebe iphanda imvelaphi ulwazi, izimo zengqondo bafumana ulwazi kwihlabathi yokwenene, iikhrayitheriya inyaniso ulwazi. Ngokwahlukileyo yesayensi ezifana bengqondo, obunzulu - isayensi efuna ukufumana, isiseko jikelele ngokubanzi ulwazi. Yintoni athi ulwazi? Yenza ulwazi lwethu kwinto ekhoyo ngokuphathelene? Ithiyori ulwazi ifilosofi lwalungagxininiswa kwi indlela yengqondo ngasese apho kukho ulwazi olukhulayo lwelizwe.

Imbali obunzulu iqala ngo-Greece yamandulo. Kukholelwa ukuba okokuqala ingxaki inyaniso ulwazi bulumko Western ubeka Parmenides, owathi xa wakhe othi "On Nature" iintetho ngomahluko phakathi uluvo nenyaniso. Enye sazi lidala, uPlato wayekholelwa ukuba umphefumlo lokuqala elowo babephuma kwilizwe izimvo, kunye nolwazi lokwenyaniso kunokwenzeka njenge memory kwithuba yomphefumlo kweli hlabathi. Angawaconganga le ngxaki, uSocrates noAristotle, inxaxheba kuphuhliso iindlela ulwazi engatshintshiyo. Ngoko, kakade bulumko yamandulo sifumana iinkcuba abaninzi bathandabuze ukuba obunzulu - yinto isebe ebalulekileyo-bulumko.

Ingxaki ulwazi wayenesikhundla ubalulekileyo kwimbali bulumko - ukususela kudala ukuya namhlanje. Lo mbuzo ubalulekileyo ukuba obunzulu wabuza - kungenzeka oyintloko lokwazi ihlabathi. Uhlobo isicombululo kule ngxaki na umbandela ukuyilwa ezinjalo bulumko, ezifana akaziwa, ukungabi, solipsism kunye nethemba epistemological. Amanqaku amabini kakhulu iimbono kulo mzekelo na, ngokulandelelanayo, incognisability ihlabathi ingundoqo nezipheleleyo knowable. Xa obunzulu wachukumisa phezu iingxaki enyaniso kunye nentsingiselo, eneneni, iifomu, imigaqo kunye namanqanaba nolwazi.