Ngaba imbali nokudalwa Internet iye yaphela?

Buyela kwi gqira zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) yinethiwekhi yokuqala yasekwa phantsi iSebe lezoKhuselo of eUnited States, nto leyo kwase zonke Internet zehlabathi owaziwa kungoku nje. Uthungelwano, eyaziwa ngokuba ARPAnet, waba kwabantu, aze wadalwa ngayo ukuxhasa uphando kwisigaba emkhosini. Umgaqo ezisisiseko ARPAnet yayigqalwa ithuba lokuba nayiphi na ikhompyutha nanini na ixesha uqhagamshelane nayo nayiphi na enye ikhompyutha udityanisiwe kwi Internet. Ngaloo ndlela kwaqalisa imbali Internet.

Sele ngoDisemba 1969 kuthungelwano kuye kwahlanganiswa ophawulwe njengomgca woyilo ezine kusetyenziswa ukuze adlulisele iipakethi data kwi protocol NCP (Network Control Protocol). kweminyaka elishumi kamva, umsebenzi waqalisa phezu ekudalweni esebenzayo ngoku TCP / IP protocol, xa ARPAnet womnatha zovavanyo 1975, wabhengeza sele besebenza.
Ngoko ke, imbali ye Internet yaqala kunye ARPAnet, Yayiyinjongo ekuqaleni ithuba lokuba bonke abathathi-nxaxheba kuphuhliso emkhosini, kungekhona nje ukunxibelelana phezu uthungelwano computer, kodwa ukusebenzisa ndawonye zonke izibonelelo ezikhoyo ngelo xesha iikhompyutha enamandla ezimbalwa ibekwe kwizixeko ezahlukahlukeneyo kweli lizwe.

Ezi zifundo kutshata kuye kwatsala ingqalelo amaqela ophando amaninzi kunye nabaphandi ngamnye, nto leyo DARPA waqhuba iintlanganiso ezininzi ukudidiyelwa. Imbali kwi Internet, kwaye uthi ukuba uququzelelo kunye nophuhliso ulawulo Internet protocol nokuba iye yaseka iqela esikhethekileyo loqwalaselo kunye nolawulo kwi Internet, olwaqhubeka kwaze litsha yayo kwi qela Internet esebenzayo 1983. Imfuneko ukudala eli qela isekelwe kwinto yokuba i-TCP projekthi / IP ababandakanyekayo uphando oluninzi kakade.

TCP izivumelwano / IP ngo-1983 ziye zathathwa sele njengoko imigangatho zomkhosi eUnited States. Emva kweli nyathelo libalulekileyo, baba nefuthe kwi umsebenzi, nto leyo eyaqala ukuphuhlisa ibali kwi Internet ehlabathini, ukuze bonke iikhompyutha kwi ARPAnet, ekuthiwa wemikhosi, waqalisa ukuba kufuneka ukuba ukusebenza kwezi Izivumelwano kuphela. Yaba e yaqala ngeli xesha kusetyenziswa nelide Internet elibhekisele ukuba kuzaba ngayo womnatha MILNET eyahlukileyo imele isahlulo unclassified lwe DDN (loKhuselo Network transfer data), kunye entsha, kakhulu zancitshiswa ubukhulu ARPAnet. Ngaloo imbali ngokuvela kwi Internet ngokusondeleyo edibene saba kwase le mihla ARPAnet network Internet.

Ngowe-1985, imbali kwi Internet ehlabathini ifumene mathemba: on ARPAnret rhoqo iye udale uthungelwano entsha, ebizwa i-National Science Foundation Network (NSFNET), okanye umncedisi womsebensi womnatha, Foundation yeSayensi kuZwelonke, apho eziqhagamshelene amaziko amathandathu ezinkulu uphando kunye nophuhliso ibekwe eziphelweni ezahlukeneyo America kunye ifakwe anamandla. Uthungelwano entsha, ebizwa Internet TCP / IP okanye kwi Internet, wadalwa ukuze alungiselele abaphandi ukusuka kwiiyunivesithi ezahlukeneyo of America ukufikelela computing izibonelelo zeStudiyo, bathungelane yonke zenjneli nzulu kweli lizwe wayeza kukwazi ukudibanisa kuthungelwano enye, kwaye sele ngo-1985 inani imibutho udityanisiwe kwi Internet liye landa ngendlela emangalisayo.

Amaziko amaninzi, kuquka zemfundo kunye nezorhwebo, baye bafumanisa ukuba amathuba kakhulu ukwabelana data, nto leyo igcwele ubuchwepheshe obutsha. Inani elikhulu iikhompyutha eqhagamshelwe ingxinano network yabangela iinethiwekhi kunye neekhompyutha ulawulo, yaye kungekudala waqalisa ukuqokelela inethiwekhi ukusebenzisa i imigca ucingo ngokukhawuleza.

Lidla utshintsho sokulwela inguqu isakhiwo Internet yenzeka ngoMeyi 1993, xa, endaweni network undoqo yaba ekuthiwa-"iindawo zokungena" zokusebenza okanye NAP, nenokuthi basebenzisane kunye nothungelwano amancinci nabezoshishino labucala. Ngoko inethiwekhi NSFNET, nto leyo eye axhasayo, ivaliwe, indawo NAP bokwakha ukuphuhlisa, eneneni, ukuya kwi Internet.

Noko ke, nokugqama yokwenene kwi Network Internet kungqamane nokufika Web - World Wide Web okanye WWW, ngokusekelwe iteknoloji entsha usebenzisa amaxwebhu iProtokhol, ukuvumela abasebenzisi lokufumana naluphi na ulwazi kufakwa kwi web. technology Teperb WWW na inkonzo engundoqo ye Internet, njengoko kuthelekiswa endala ufikelelo inkonzo anamandla kude Telnet.

Okwangoku, imbali Internet ikude ekugqityweni. Ukuphucula uthungelwano lwehlabathi ngokuqhubekekayo yaye ekugqibeleni. Kukho liyanda inani labasebenzisi kunye neemfuno zabo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekukhuleni web, iingxaki ezintsha, izisombululo zabo, kunye nokuphucula nobuchwepheshe. Ngoku, njengoko oko kungqinwa kwimbali ukuvela kwi Internet, unguye lwenethiwekhi iingcali kuphela, kodwa abafundi ezininzi, abantwana besikolo kunye nabanye abantu ehlabathini lonke bafuna ukugcina up namaxesha.