Nokuphefumla syncytial virus: oonobangela, iimpawu, unyango, iziphumo

intsholongwane yokuphefumla syncytial yinxalenye yeqela zizifo wayibona ziyenzeka echaphazela iqela elikhulu labantu ikakhulu ndisemncinane. Unyaka-ubudala uthathe indawo esisiseko phakathi eyosulelekileyo. Ukuba abadala isifo zangaphandle, iintsana bangeza ezinobuzaza kakhulu.

definition

Le yintsholongwane ebangela izifo phecana sokuphefumla. Ubuqili kukuba kunzima ukubona kuba kulula ukuba mazingabhidaniswa ingqele eqhelekileyo. Okwangoku iye yaphuhliswa kodwa akukho sokugonya, ukuze isifo kwesinye. In esibhedlela kuxhokonxwa ukubonakala iphika, isifuba neempempe.

umyalezo weimeyile

intsholongwane yokuphefumla syncytial buzinze kukho icytoplasm, emva sivuthwa uqala yavelisa amagqabi kungena ndizayo. Ku fanele ku intsapho Paramyxoviridae kwaye ummeli kuphela kweli qela, esinokubangela begula kakhulu. Nangona uyafa ezahlukeneyo amanye ukungafani antigenic, utshintsho zinxulumene ikakhulu omnye glycoproteins eziliqela, kodwa ukubaluleka kwezifo kunye kwezonyango mahluko akucaci. Usulelo lukhula eziliqela neenkcubeko iseli, ebangela ukuyilwa syncytia eqhelekileyo.

izizathu

intsholongwane yokuphefumla syncytial ke izifo zabantu, ezo sisasazwa zamathontsana emoyeni. Bona bayakwazi ukosulela zombini abantu abagulayo kunye namajelo eendaba. Uphawu ukuba ngokuhlangeneyo kunye noqhambuko usapho kunye namatyala osulelo nosocomial zarekhodwa, ngokufuthi kwizibhedlele zabantwana. Sandile kuqhelekile kwaye kaninzi imini nobusuku ebusika nasentlakohlaza. Le susceptibility kakhulu aba abantwana ukususela kwiinyanga 4-5 ukuya kwiminyaka emi-3. Esemncinane uninzi abantwana ithwala esi sifo, njengoko okukwazi zezomzuzwana ngakumbi waphawula, ngokufuthi wafumana amatyala okuphindwayo sifo, kuphela ize ngakumbi. Noko ke, emva kokuba zanyamalala ngokupheleleyo eziphilayo omzimba (IgA), intsholongwane yokuphefumla syncytial nga sivele.

Isasazeka olufumaneka ngokwayamana olusondeleyo abantu abosulelekileyo. . Kuye nemikhombandlela zither zahlulatywa zaza zafumanisa ukuba xa umntu ogulayo ethimla, iibhaktheriya lula usasaze 1.8 m Eli qela iintsholongwane ingaphila izandla kunye nemizuzu engama-30, yaye ngalo mbandela - kangangeeyure eziliqela.

Pathogenesis losulelo ifana kakhulu mechanism influenza kunye parainfluenza nophuhliso, njengoko ezinxulumene ne intshukumo esi sifo ukuya epithelium le phecana sokuphefumla. Inceda ndzulu iphecana yokuphefumla, kwaye zaseprayimari iqala yokuzala xa kukho icytoplasm le nasopharynx uze wayengabalibali bronchi. Kweli nqanaba, kukho hyperplasia iiseli kunye symplasts abachaphazelekayo. La zihambisana constriction le bronchioles kunye hypersecretion ukuba emva koko kukhokelela ukuvaleka lwabo yencindi zamafu. Ngoko ke uphuhliso wosuleleko emiselwe iqondo ezizigwagwisa flora ukusilela zokuphefumla.

iimpawu

intsholongwane yokuphefumla syncytial, apho eziphilayo unzima kwaye kunzima ukufumanisa, esi sifo kwentwasahlobo nasebusika.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku akukabikho kutyhilwa kutheni ichaphazela iphecana ukungaphefumli abantwana kunye nabantu abadala phezulu.

Ebantwaneni, esi sifo iqala nangecesina, umqala kakhulu obuhlungu kunye nempumlo esihambisayo. Kungekudala adityaniswe nezinye iimpawu efana sombefu. Usuleleko luphawulwa mpawu zilandelayo:

- uphelelwa ngumphefumlo (ngaphezu kwama-40 Ukuphefumla ngomzuzu);
- esiluhlaza kwesikhumba umbala (cyanosis);
- ezibukhali rhoqo ukhohlokhohlo;
- lobushushu eliphezulu;
- nasemiqhokrweni yeengxondorha nokuphefumla ezimagqagala;
- uphawu croupous;
- Ukuphefumla shrill kunye ukutswina;
- olwathi zibangelwa.

izifo Lower iphecana yokuphefumla kwenzeka xa bronchioles adumbe. Ukuba ngeli xesha isigulane na iingxaki kunye ioksijini, qiniseka ukuba udibane nogqirha uncedo lonyango ngoko nangoko. Ezi zifo kuvela amaxesha amaninzi abantwana abangaphantsi konyaka omnye, yaye ziya zisiba mbi ngokukhawuleza.

ngezigaba

Kukho eziliqela, nto leyo iya kubonakala ngokuba yintsholongwane syncytial yokuphefumla, ezizezi:

- yoqobo - ukuphuhlisa nokuthimliswa, laryngitis, inyumoniya, nasopharyngitis, bronhilit, iphika, nokudumba segmental yemiphunga nezengekho otitis eendaba;
- Nedlac - norhatyazo okanye isifo nazimpawu.

Kukho 3 iintlobo eziphambili kwesi sifo.

1. Easy, kwenzeka ngokufuthi abadala kunye nabantwana-isikolo. Eziboniswa njengoko nasopharyngitis inobulali, ukusilela sokuphefumla akukho ulandelwe. Amaninzi, iqondo lobushushu emzimbeni kuhlala eqhelekileyo okanye ukunyuka kancinane, kodwa izidanga nje ezimbalwa. Iimpawu kunxilwe bengekho ngokupheleleyo.

2. Phakathi esiqatha, kunokwenzeka ukuba sigcine iimpawu yomoya ahlekise okanye bronchiolitis ekhatshwa syndrome, kunye nokungaphumeleli zokuphefumla. Isigulana cyanosis langoku, ngomlomo kunye nokubamba-bamba umphefumlo. Ukuba umntwana ogulayo, kusenokuba bhadu kakhulu, wozela, elugcwabevu ngumsindo okanye ecubhukile. Wayesoloko ukunyuka okungephi esibindini okanye udakada. Iqondo lobushushu isoloko eziphakamileyo, kodwa kuyenzeka kwaye iqhelekile. Kukho ukunxila ngomlinganiselo.

3. Heavy, ngawo lo mzuzu ekuphuhliseni bronchiolitis nokukrala obstructive. Kukho ukunqongophala olomeleleyo lomoya apho enokusinceda kuphela imaski ioksijini ukuze aphefumle. Iingxolo amakhwelo lula langoku zinetyhefu ngokukhawuleza kunye nokwanda onamandla esibindini kunye udakada.

Ziikhrayitheriya womxhuzulane badla ziquka ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

- ukufumaneka utshintsho bendawo;
- nobunzima ukusilela sokuphefumla.

Ngu nohlobo lokuhamba:

- ezigudileyo - akukho zingxaki bacteria;
- arhabaxa - ukubonakala yinyumoniya, sinusitis kunye otitis ubovu.

indaba

intsholongwane syncytial zemiphunga, ogama iimpawu kubhidaniswe nezinye izifo ziye zachongwa nguGqirha Morris ngo-1956. Yena wayebukele i bangafani, awafunyanwayo nokuthimliswa, ifumene usulelo olutsha kwaye wayibiza ngokuba PAS - Chimpanzeecoriraagent (i-arhente causative le bangafani umkhuhlane). Ngexesha leemviwo kwabasebenzi ogulayo abayinyamekelayo inkawu, wawuqhutywa ukwanda izilwa sifana kakhulu le ntsholongwane.

Ngowe-1957, R. Chenok abelwe pathogen efanayo abantwana abosulelekileyo kunye kwakugqitywa ukuba lowo onoxanduva excitation yomoya kunye nenyumoniya. Emva koko yaye kude kube ngoku izazinzulu ngokungeyompumelelo uzama ukuphuhlisa isitofu sokugonya.

ekuxilongweni

Le nkcazelo kwezonyango ingxaki sifo, ngenxa yokufana kunye nezinye izifo. Xa abadala, amaxesha amaninzi alawula ziimpawu yomoya kunye nenyumoniya. Xa izifundo laboratory usebenzisa iindlela serological zokuva lomzimba titer. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ugqirha Inika umsebenzi othile-X-reyi kunye nemvavanyo zaselaborathri, umzekelo, virological uvavanyo ilaphu nasopharyngeal.

therapy

Izigulane ziye ukuba unesifo yintsholongwane yokuphefumla syncytial, unyango inikwa ngendlela entsonkothileyo, ukuze komelezwe umzimba. Bed intsalela Kucetyiswa ukuba lonke ixesha exacerbation. Esibhedlela iboniswa abantwana sisifo kakhulu, kids ubudala kokuya esikolweni kunye yimilinganiso avareji labantu abaye iingxaki. Kufuneka unikezele Ukudla nobudala babo. Kufuneka ibandakanye bomatshini kwaye iikhemikhali gentle ukutya, gcwalisa iintlobo lweziqalelo zokulanda umkhondo kunye neevithamini.

Kwakhona kuqhutywa unyango kobude, nto leyo luphawulwa ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezifana leukocyte interferon babantu, "Anaferon", "Grippferon" yaye "Viferon". Ngeendlela kakhulu, kucetyiswa ukuba athathe "immunoglobulin" yaye "Ribavirin", ixabiso layo iyahluka ukusuka 240-640 engange, kuxhomekeka idosi. Ngokugqibeleleyo inceda ukuthintela ukubonakala iziphumo yomoya iziyobisi "Sinagis". Ukuba kubonakele iingxaki yintsholongwane, kubonisa ukuba unyango elwa.

kokuphazamiseka inyumoniya isuswa kakuhle unyango kwangumqondiso kunye pathogenetic. Kulo mzekelo, sebenzisa i isigqumathelo mpilo ukuphefumla, loo nto yenza kube lula ukuba iimpawu kakhulu kwaye lula unikezelo umoya.

ubonwa lemithi ifuna iingxaki. Emva pneumonia wancomela ukuhlolwa emva kweenyanga 1, 3, 6 no-12 ukuze achache. uxilongo zifo kuyimfuneko emva bronchitis nezolo kunye baqeshwa emva izilungiso. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, oku watyelelwa ngokukhangela aleji okanye pulmonologist, kunye nemvavanyo zaselaborathri wenza.

ukuphathwa kwabantwana

Abantwana njalo nzima ngakumbi abagulayo, kwaye neziphumo kakhulu emibi kakhulu kubantu abadala, ngoko unyango kufuneka ngokucokisekileyo nebanzi.

antivirals:

- "Ribavirin", ixabiso ichiza, njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili - iyafumaneka, ngoko ngamandla akazange hit kucebisa lwabazali;
- Kwakhona ngokufuthi emiselweyo "Arbidol", "Inosine", "Tiloran" yaye "pranobex".

unyango Syndromical kufuna kuqhutywa ngokungqinelana nemigaqo efanelekileyo yonyango ukusilela yokuphefumla ludlule, iphika kunye ukukrala syndrome.

Basic therapy antihomotoxic:

- "Flu-Heel", "Engystol" (esetyenziswa yi wesekethe kuqaliswe);
- "Euforbiumkompozitum C" (zokutshiza ngeempumlo);
- "Limfomiozot".

Ukongeza:

- "Viburkol" (suppositories efakwa);
- "Echinacea kompozitum C" (ampoules);
- "Angin-Heel S";
- "Traumel C" (tablets).

Zonke ezi zixhobo lokuphelisa intsholongwane syncytial kakuhle nokuphefumla ebantwaneni.

amanyathelo okuqala

Ukuze zokoyisa ngokukhawuleza isigulo eso, kufuneka ukuphendula ngokufanelekileyo xa kuvela ezi mpawu, ukuze ukufumana uncedo oluyimfuneko kwimeko elililo.

1. Funa unyango iyafuneka xa iimpawu SARS umntwana oselula, ezizezi, umqala obuhlungu, impumlo esihambisayo kunye ukutswina kakhulu.
2. efunekayo ekuthiwa ambulensi, xa kukho ubushushu eliphezulu, ingxolo olukhulu, ukuphefumla wabulaleka kunye nemeko kakhulu jikelele.

Ezifunekayo ukujongana oogqirha ezinjalo, njengokuba therapist, kunye nezifo ezosulelayo.

ukungaphili

nempembelelo engentle kummandla we iphecana sokuphefumla unalo intsholongwane syncytial sokuphefumla. Iziphumo eninzi sifo, kuba umntu ukujoyina flora eziziisekondari bacteria kwaye zibangela izifo ezifana:

- sinusitis;
- otitis media;
- yomoya;
- pneumonia;
- bronchiolitis.

ukuvimbela

Zonke amagciwane kunzima ukunyanga kuba iimpawu zabo badla ifihliwe. Enye amanyathelo ukubhaqwa izifo kunye bodwa izigulane ukuba bagqibezele sisindiswe. Ngexesha ukuqhambuka izifo ezifana ingakumbi kwi-akhawunti amanyathelo zisempilweni. Xa amaqela kunye nezibhedlele zabantwana bayamenywa banxiba iimaski umkhuhlane kubasebenzi. Iintsana ngokufanelekileyo ngocwangco iintsholongwane izandla kusetyenziswa izisombululo kwealkali.

Kuba amanyathelo okuthintela likaxakeka kwi nakujoliso olutsha losulelo ziquka ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezifana "Anaferon", "Viferon", "Imunal" kunye iintlobo inducers of interferon iqala.

Immunoprophylaxis iquka iindlela ezifana "Motavizubam", "uRespighi" yaye "Palivizubam".

lokugonya

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho iphuhlise candelo eya kuthintela isifo. Indalo kakhulu esebenzayo, amalinge kuye kwenziwa ukususela 1960, emva koko into leyo inactivated kunye formalin kunye alamu ongqingiweyo. Loo ugonyo yabangela ukwakheka ngokukhawuleza omzimba serum, nangona ngesiphumo sesicelo, ziye kuvavanywa yaphuhliswa ukugula kakhulu. Phila amacandelo okuncitshiswe ukuba iimpawu mnandi kakhulu noba ibe intsholongwane efanayo, kuphela-uhlobo zasendle. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ucinga indlela ucoco elilwa enganeno kwenye kwiiproteni kumphezulu okanye iiseli okuncitshiswe, uze uzame ukuziqhelanisa ukuba yengqele.