Njani na ithiyori ubungakanani bemali

nkqubo yezoqoqosho kunye nombono kwezoqoqosho 30 - 70 kwinkulungwane yama-20 luphawulwa yokuba indima ephambili ngayo ayidlalileyo iimboniselo keysianstva kwezoqoqosho. Kodwa 70s kwabakho twist yinqobo kwithiyori neoclassical. Yena iye yanxulunyaniswa ubukhulu becala kuphuhliso lwe discrediting keysianstva ngenxa ekwandeni kwentswelo-msebenzi kunye lenyukile kwamaxabiso.

New ubungakanani theory Classical imali linikwa kwi uhlobo monetarism. Ngemvelaphi theory ubungakanani lisukela emva kwenkulungwane ye-16, xa kukho ukusekwa okokuqala kwimbali yeSikolo New Economic. Yayibizwa ngokuba isikolo mercantilist. Kulo mzekelo, ithiyori ubungakanani iye yaba uhlobo impendulo iinkolelo eziphambili mercantilism, kodwa ubukhulu becala uphawu kubo imfundiso ukuba imali kokukhona, i ngokukhawuleza intengiso, ngokulandelelana, kwandisa uqina ejikeleza, nto leyo iba nefuthe kuyingenelo kwimveliso.

Umbuzo kule ithisisi malunga nefuthe elihle lokukhula kwenani amatye anqabileyo kweli lizwe sobulumko odumileyo IsiNgesi John Locke kunye noDavide Hume. Baya kuqala kuthelekiswa isixa amatye anqabileyo, yaye kwinqanaba lamaxabiso yangoku. Ngenxa yoko, kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba amaxabiso kwempahla nekubonakala ubunzima amatye anqabileyo, yamehlo lizwe.

Enkosi kubo, owasungula imfundiso ubungakanani bemali. Zobulumko bakwazi ukubona ukuba ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ena ixesha xa inani leempahla ayinakuze ithelekiswe kunye nemali. Ezi zimvo abanomdla ezifunyenwe ngabameli eziphambili zophuhliso ngexesha kwicala lakudala kumgaqo yezoqoqosho. Ingakumbi kakuhle ingcamango kutshanje wakhangela A. Smith, ngubani ebesoloko zithathwa imali kuphela nje njengendlela ejikeleza, uhlobo izixhobo zobugcisa, nokuququzelela exchange, ngoko akazange ukubaluleka analo.

Le ubungakanani theory ezinzima imali bangena ngezoqoqosho American Irving Fisher, ngubani emsebenzini wakhe odumileyo "Ukuthengwa amandla emali" ikwazile ukuba aqulunqe i'quadratic ezaziwayo-kakuhle ukuba isekelwe kabili lodibaniso anesiphelo ntengiselwano yorhwebo:

• ibe yimveliso ubunzima kunye uqina na indlela yokuhlawula;
• njenge yen kwinqanaba umsebenzi kunye nenani kweempahla bathengisa.

Chwetheza ifomula Fischer: MV = PQ. Icala lasekunene nxaki ngu imveliso kwaye ibonisa umthamo kweempahla bathengisa, amaxabiso uvavanyo ekuvumela ukuba ukhankanye kwi imfuno imali. Icala lasekhohlo na imali, kwaye ubonisa imali eyachithwayo kuthengwa kwempahla. Oku kubonisa ngokupheleleyo ubonelelo ngemali.

Ngenxa yoko, Fisher equation unxulumano iimpawu phakathi kwemali kunye nempahla zorhwebo. Ekubeni le mali - nto umlamleli nje ukuthenga nokuthengisa kwezixhobo, isixa-mali esichithwe kusoloko iza kufana twatse inani amaxabiso ngabona kweempahla kunye neenkonzo. Xa ezingundoqo zalo, lenxaki yi ungubani, ebonisa ukulingana phakathi kwinqanaba lamaxabiso kunye nemali.

Imfundiso ubuninzi imali Fisher bukaThixo aqheleka kakhulu iincwadi American. zezoqoqosho baseYurophu wathabatha njengoko iinguqulelo uthandwayo le thiyori kwinguqulelo Cambridge, okanye, ngendlela elula, ithiyori imali eyintsalela, eyenziwe yi Pigou kunye Alfred Marshall. Babefuna ukwenza ugxininiso iphambili phezu ngendlela yokusetyenziswa kwemali njengengeniso. Imfundiso mbono uthetha imali eyintsalela, ngaphantsi apho kuyimfuneko ukuqonda inxalenye iingeniso agcinwe kwi ulwelo ngamnye, imali.

theory Monetarist yemali, kwakunye nezinye ezahlukeneyo e-worldwork theory ubuninzi, ngokusekelwe imibono zilandelayo:

• imali njengangoku ejikelezayo zichazwa ngqo azo odwa;
• i Velocity yaloo xabiso ngokunamathela kakhulu esisigxina;
• ukukwazi ukuba nefuthe sphere yemali iyonke kwinkqubo yemveliso ezikhutshelwe bucala.

Ubungakanani theory imali yaqukwa kwi-sikhokelo-nkqubo, nto leyo olwenziwa iiBhanki ezingoovimba eNtshona Yurophu kwi-20 kule nkulungwane yama-20. Lo mgaqo-nkqubo akuthethi bafezekise izinto endandilindele, yaye ke ngoko kwagqitywa ukuya ingcamango neoclassical kwezoqoqosho.