Njalo Boltzmann kaThixo idlala indima enkulu ubucukubhede statistical

Lyudvig Boltsman - uMdali ingcamango lwalusanda-kwikinetiki of neegesi efanelekileyo. Wazalwa ngo-1844 e-eVienna. Boltzmann onguvulindlela kunye uvulindlela kwizifundo zesayensi. Umsebenzi wakhe kunye nophando baba ngokufuthi iyinto yalahlwa luluntu. Nangona kunjalo, kunye nophuhliso ngakumbi nokwakheka imisebenzi yakhe kuye kwaqatshelwa kwaye eyakhupha.

izinto Scientific le sisazinzulu sigubungele iinkalo ezibalulekileyo ezifana zemvelo nemathematika. Ukususela 1867 wasebenza njengomfundisi kwi inani lamaziko emfundo ephakamileyo. Kwizifundo zakhe, wafumanisa ukuba uxinzelelo igesi ibangelwa ingalawuleki ibetha molecule eludongeni inqanawa apho afumaneka khona, lo gama ubushushu kuxhomekeke uqina kwe amasuntswana (molekyuli), ngamanye amazwi, abo amandla entshukumo. Ngoko ke, isantya enkulu ukususa amasuntswana, kungona iqondo lobushushu. njalo Boltzmann kaThixo ithiywe emva kokuba nzulu esidumileyo Austria. Yaba nguye lowo wenza igalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso physics zamanani.

Intsingiselo yesitalato rhoqo

Boltzmann njalo uchaza ubudlelwane phakathi ezifana eziphathekayo njengoko ubushushu namandla. Xa ubucukubhede manani zidlala indima enkulu engundoqo. Ngaba Boltzmann rhoqo k = 1,3806505 (24) * 10 ^-23 J / K. Amanani kwindawo yegama zibonisa imposiso ngokunxulumene amaxabiso wexesha manani zakutshanje. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba njalo Boltzmann nako kuvela kwezinye constants emzimbeni. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zibalo zintsonkothe kakhulu kwaye kunzima ukuphumeza. Bafuna ulwazi olunzulu kuphela physics kodwa lwemathematika ngaphezulu.

Ubudlelwane phakathi lobushushu ingundoqo namandla

Stefan-Boltzmann rhoqo ivumela ukuba unxulumanise kwiimpawu abasakhulayo kunye macro, ezizezi umlinganiselo ezinto eshukumayo Velocity kwiqondo lobushushu. Ifomula echaza olu lwalamano ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: 3 / 2mv ² = kt.

Xa irhasi yohlobo olunye kwi inqanawa kwindawo T kubushushu othile, amandla oko kuyimfuneko ukuze nganye izidanga wenkululeko ngokulinganayo umlinganiselo KT / 2. Ukwazi lobushushu apho molekyuli ezo, kunye nobunzima babo, unokuthi ukwazi ukubala isantya RMS ngaphandle kobunzima. Noko ke, le fomyula ezingafanelekanga neegesi diatomic.

Umlinganiselo woviwo Lyudviga Boltsmana (entropy - okuba)

entropy Thermodynamic kwenkqubo inokuchazwa njengoko logarithm ye okuba thermodynamic. Le kulwalamano kubizwa ngokuba mpumelelo inkulu kwaye kokufunyanwa yamachiza enkulu Austria, leyo wenzayo ekupheleni umsebenzi wakhe. Xa ubomi sisazinzulu yaye loo nto iye yafumana kulwamkelo kwizangqa zenzululwazi, kodwa kwiminyaka emine emva kokufa kwakhe, eli lungu awubona ngokusemthethweni.

A amagama ambalwa esiphelweni

Boltzmann rhoqo, hayi kuphela undoqo physics zamanani kunye nethiyori molekyuli-entshukumo, kodwa waba nempembelelo ezinye kuphuhliso olungaphezulu yemibono emzimbeni. Oku kusebenza, umzekelo, eli candelo ubucukubhede umyinge.