Nikitsky Monastery (Pereslavl) idilesi. Archimandrite Dimitry (Hramtsov)

Nokutsala iphambili yale dolophu endala Russian Pereslavl-Zaleski ngokwenene Nikitsky Monastery, leyo yenye omdala eRashiya. Yasekwa ngonyaka phambi ukubola ukuhlaselwa, aye wayibona iziganeko ezininzi ezibalulekileyo kwimbali yethu, kwaye kunye nabo bonke abantu batyhubela ubunzima le ukubola idyokhwe, ngexesha Ixesha Iingxaki kunye yamaBolshevik maxesha anzima.

Church phezu kolwandle Pleshcheeva

Malunga yasekwa xa Pereslavl Nikitsky Monastery, wahlala inkcazelo ngokufanelekileyo engacacanga ezinxulumene esi siganeko kwiminyaka engamashumi yokuqala, ezenzeka emva kokuba ubhaptizo Rus. Ukusuka ilitye lesikhumbuzo zoncwadi yenkulungwane XV, ebizwa iNcwadi Iidegrees, kuyaziwa ukuba St. Vladimir wanika ulawulo phezu komhlaba Rostov-Suzdal unyana wakhe Boris.

Iqhuba ithi ukuba 1010 malunga yinkosana oselula, kunye noMveleli Hilarion, sincothule ngendaba yakhe izisa ubuhedeni osondele kunxweme of Lake Pleshcheeva iicawa ezininzi. Kukholelwa ukuba malunga omnye kubo, kwaye uluntu sele yenziwe, ukutshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha kwi Nikitsky Monastery. Eli linyathelo elibalulekileyo ukusekwa ubuKristu kula mazwe.

Abangcwele zokuqala emishini

Xa amaxwebhu embali zexesha pre-Mongol ukhankanya apho eMonastri, kodwa ngenkulungwane XV yenziwa bubomi bakhe yokuqala ka St. Nikity Stolpnika, kanye niluzamele apha, kwaye kuchazwe ngokucacileyo ukuba wayephila ngenkulungwane XII, kwaye kananjalo it qinisekisa rhandzana ngaphambi kokusekwa weemonki.

Emva wawusikelela ukufa saint amandla akhe wafumana isipho imimangaliso. Yaziwa, umzekelo, ukuze imithandazo, yenyuka phambi kwabo baphiliswa, amanani amaninzi embalini. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho umfana Chernigov Prince Michael of Chernigov kunye, unyana ka-Ivan Groznogo Ivan, lowo kamva wabulawa uyise bevutha ngumsindo.

Phakathi abemi woonongendi sifumana abaphila ezinkulu, kamva lasekwa ezinye yoonongendi of Pereslavl. Edume kakhulu phakathi kwabo ke uDaniyeli ngcwele, lamiselwa ebusweni saint. Nguye uMdali kaBathathu Emnye Danilov weemonki.

Lokusekwa isiseko material woonongendi

Phambi kokuba ekuqaleni woonongendi ngenkulungwane XVI Nikitsky ngenkankulu wema phakathi kwezinye maxe-, kwiimeko ezininzi ezikhulayo ngexesha kweli lizwe Rostov-Suzdal. Ithe waphila kuphela ngomsebenzi wakhe, ukholisiweyo kanye ingeniso kuphela ezenziwe ngabo ngeminikelo ezinqabileyo zabanquli efunekayo Ewe.

imeko yazo yemali kuye kwaphucula kuphela ngo-1515, xa Eustace pereslavlsky umdikoni, efumaneka imithandazo phambi kokuba izinto ezingcwele St. uDaniyeli ukuphilisa isifo esibulalayo, sele ingeniswe kwi woonongendi zobuncwane lomnikelo noko. Ngale mali, ibandla ngomthi, bamiselwa wokuwonga elaa wemimangaliso owasisindisayo kuye, udaba lwakhe umdla abahambi ezininzi kwakhiwa.

Ngowe-1521, Nikita Monastery ke undivelele Uglich Prince nguDmitry Ioannovich, wamnika kwilali, yinxalenye zezindlu zooyise yayo. Woonongendi abaxhasi engundoqo kwaba Grand Prince of Moskovskiy Vasily III - uyise Ivana Groznogo. On umyalelo wakhe amaqashiso indlela kwi kummandla woonongendi ngo-1523 yaphakanyiswa Nikitsky Cathedral.

Wahlala phantsi Ivan labangcangcazelisi

Ukususela kweli xesha kufika ixesha eneentyatyambo loonongendi, oluba kwixesha Incopho ye Ivana Groznogo. Nikitsky Monastery (Pereslavl), umphathi apho Vassian ulonwabele indawo wokumkani, wathabatha indawo ebalulekileyo phakathi kwezinye nezigodlo. Hypochondriac kwaye yonke badla ukubona ukungcatshwa, ukumkani ekujongwe ukuba ukusebenzisa iindonga weemonki enamandla njenge oprichnina inqaba lolaleliso, ukuba ngenxa yaso nasiphi na isizathu, inqaba yayo engundoqo - Alexander Sloboda aphulukane inokuthenjwa.

Ulwakhiwo Cathedral entsha Nikitsky

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba Ivan kunye namalungu entsapho yakhe baye batyelela Nikitsky Monastery, ukwenza lokuphambukela namhla ezininzi kuyo. igalelo onenceba ukumkani owakhiwa odolo akhe isakhiwo esitsha mali Nikitsky Cathedral, ngokubuyisela endala, eyakhiwa ngakumbi uyise. Isakhiwo endala kwenzeke kuyo kwigumbi wasezantsi, bamiselwa imbeko saint yabo ayeze Nikity Stolpnika. umyalelo bakhe baphinda wamisa inani ezinye izibonelelo makangehli aye kuthi, okanye ugcine, kodwa ukutshintsha inkangeleko yayo.

Ngowe-1564, ukumkani ngokwakhe wafika yokumisela amisiweyo yecawa omtsha wanikela chandelier omkhulu zazenziwe ngobhedu kwaye uhombiso eliphezulu yokuluka. Siye naye umfazi wakhe Anastasia Romanova, endabubeka phezu ngokwakhe umfanekiso emfakamfele of St. Nikity Stolpnika, wenza izandla zakhe. Kodwa isipho engundoqo kwaye nexabiseke kakumkani baba fiefdoms ezininzi banikela ngawo woonongendi nokwakha isiseko izinto ethembekileyo yobukho yayo.

Phakathi Troubles Great

Nkinga iqala ngokuba woonongendi ngexesha Bexesha Iingxaki. Njengabo godlo ezininzi Pereslavl Ngokuphindaphindiweyo wahlasela utshaba. Ngowe-1609 abazalwana ngoncedo abantu basekuhlaleni likwazile ukumelana lokungqinga, yaye ukuba azigxothe utshaba iindonga woonongendi, kodwa emva kweminyaka emibini Lithuanians, ikhokelwa ngu Lva Sapegi, likwazile ukufaka weemonki.

Uninzi abemi babulawa, izindlu baphangwe utshiswe, basinda ngokungummangaliso umphathi uMishayeli, waba bhadu. Nanamhla oku, umntu unokubona alondolozwe kwezo maxesha gun ezimbini Lithuanian, wathabatha inxaxheba singqingiwe njalo ke woonongendi kwi Pereslavl Museum Historical.

Ukuvuselelwa woonongendi

Ukubuyiselwa woonongendi yaqala ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba anyukele etroneni, ukumkani yokuqala Romanov ubukhosi - uMikhail Fedorovich geqe. Yena uyise uBhishophu Filaret iminikelo ezinkulu zenziwa, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuqalisa ngoko nangoko umsebenzi.

Ebudeni bolawulo elandelayo, sele phantsi noAleksei Mikhailovich, ngeendleko zakhe neminikelo ngo-1645 yakhiwa iindonga neenqaba ejikeleze weemonki. Ngelo xesha, wasibeka Annunciation Church, baye bahlala phantse ingaguqukanga ukuya namhlanje.

Ngowe-1698, Nikita weemonki watyelelwa Peter I. Emva abahlala apho kweentsuku ezimbalwa, lo mlawuli wakhupha ummiselo yaqinisekisa woonongendi kusekho uyise imvume lakhe ilungelo lokuba ukuloba echibini Pleshcheeva. Ngaloo mihla bekungekho ubabalo ezincinane yobukumkani, nechibi wayesisityebi iintlanzi, kunye zicelo ukuloba yayo kuphela ngokwaneleyo. Ngu ebukumkanini Petra Velikogo zokwakha okuyinene weemonki kwigumbi ka Chernigov, egqalwa sampula yokugqibela isimbo yamandulo Pereslavl.

kamva

Kwinkulungwane XVII woonongendi ukubandezeleka ukuphazamiseka ezinzulu abazange bayifumane. Nokuba nzima zokuhlala ezininzi: ubukumkani uCatherine II, yabalasela secularization (ukurhoxiswa) of kumazwe ibandla, wasinda ziphumelele. Oku kuncazelana ngezimvo kuqhubekile endaweni yalo kunye nolwakhiwo. Ngokukodwa, iBandla sakhiwe ngaphambili ye Annunciation yakhiwa indlu yenkonzo, wamisa indlwana phezu kwendawo ephakamileyo, emi apho, ngokutsho legend, imini nobusuku ethandaza Saint Nikita.

Le nsika oye wadlala indima ebalulekileyo kubomi weemonki. Yena imixokelelwane yesinyithi, ithwalelwe kanye nivume obungqongqo engcwele, kangangeenkulungwane wabonisa njengoko kwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo mkhulu, yaye yatsala abahambi ezininzi woonongendi, igalelo kokugqitywa yobuncwane weemonki. Kwakukho ixesha, kunye nabo, waza wabonisa cap ilitye, ngenjongo efanayo njengoko amatyathanga, kodwa 1735 abasemagunyeni ibandla eMoscow wayibamba.

Ukwakhiwa ezinkulu lokugqibela lwaqhutywa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIX, xa zakhiwe izihlandlo Ivana Groznogo nesango ibandla waqhaqhwa kwaye endaweni yayo yakhiwe nenqaba intsimbi, leyo kuyabonakala namhlanje.

Iminyaka ngamaKomanisi

Ziqala lwekhulu XX liqengqiwe ngeenxa woonongendi kunye "ivili ebomvu" efanayo ezingcangcazelisayo (ibinzana A. I. Solzhenitsyna), ukuze lungatshabalali enokuzeka kade eRashiya. Woonongendi yavalwa kwaye ngaphandle kwempahla yakhe olungayi yalo ayiphange, yadluliselwa myuziyam. indawo emishini esetyenziselwa ezahlukeneyo iimfuno - ukusuka izazinzulu kwindlu lokuphumla entolongweni wabafazi.

Ngowe-1933, phambi yangaphambili Cathedral Nikitsky ngenjongo ingcamango yokuba uThixo akakho ukuba iconostasis kutshiswa esidlangalaleni kwinkulungwane XVI. Umlilo wabulala, kunye nezinye icon ezininzi ezibalulekileyo Nikitsky Monastery. Pereslavl, njengoko lonke eli lizwe lalingene zwabha iminyaka elikhulu-isikali nephulo likazwelonke lokulwa nolwaphulo-zonqulo, luthululelwe ukungaluxabisi oyimfama iziseko yokomoya ubomi babantu.

Indlela ende eya ukuvuseleleka woonongendi

Ngeminyaka, xa ekugqibeleni eshiya ngasemva, yaye Stalin, kunye Khrushchev kaThixo yintshutshiso ibandla, ukuba Cathedral le Nikitsky ukubuyiselwa lokuqala lwaqhutywa iminyaka emininzi. Njengokuba umsebenzi lo wenziwa, oko kubonakala kwinto yokuba kungekudala emva, ngoAgasti 2, 1984, kanye ngosuku xa iCawa Orthodox ibhiyozela ilin imini, wawa central cupola yayo. Ngokululama wakhe wathabatha omnye iminyaka elishumi, yaye ekugqibeleni sonto evulekileyo sele amaxesha perestroika.

Ukususela ngoko waqalisa umsebenzi wokubuyisela kakhulu, nto leyo ikhokelwe abasanda kuqeshwa Archimandrite UDemetrios (Aleksey Mihaylovich Hramtsov). Nikitsky Monastery, ungaphinda abafumana ukuzalwa yayo yesibini. Ngaba unike kuphela imbonakalo yangaphambili izakhiwo zawo, kodwa ukuze uvelise uyilo ngaphakathi, kwakunye iindonga ukupeyinta re-run.

Ke le misebenzi zigqityiwe ngesiseko, kunye Nikitsky Monastery, idilesi yakhe :. kummandla Yaroslavl, Pereslavl, Nikitsky Sloboda str. Zaprudnaya, 20, kwakhona kuvulwa. Njengakwiminyaka engaphambili, etsala amawaka nabasemzini, ukuba ayenqula iisayithi yayo engcwele, engundoqo iyileyo - izinto ezingcwele St. zihlaba Nikity Stolpnika, nabo bonke ngaye ibali zethu endleleni.