Christian Church kumaXesha Aphakathi Early. History of the Christian Church

Unqulo ezisemthethweni uBukhosi baseRoma xa ubuKristu waba ngumlawuli Constantine I Omkhulu (272-337). Ngo-313, evumela ngokusemthethweni kwilizwe labo unqulo, wakhupha umthetho ngokulinganisa amalungelo ubuKristu kunye nezinye iinkonzo, yaye ngo-324 yaba unqulo ngokusesikweni waseRoma emanyeneyo. Ngowe-330, uConstantine wafudukela ikomkhulu lakhe kwisixeko Byzantium, nto leyo uzuko lwakhe uya igama eConstantinople.

Ixesha Ixesha Christian Church Early

Ngowe-325 eNicaea (ngoku isixeko Iznik, eTurkey) kwaqhutywa yokuqala yebhunga lolunye, apho iimfundiso ezisisiseko ubuKristu bathinjelwe, yaye ngaloo ndlela aphelise iimbambano malunga esemthethweni. Ibandla lokuqala lamaKristu, okanye ubudala labapostile, kakhulu, iphela ubukho bayo kwiBhunga laseNicaea. Umhla Qala ithathwa engama-30 AD I ngenkulungwane, xa ubuKristu abanazo yayigqalwa nehlelo lobuYuda. Ukutshutshiswa kwamaKristu kwaqala zeentlanga, eyile amaYuda. Le nkolo yokuqala Christian Church Archdeacon uStefano ebulewe ngenxa kumaYuda '34.

Yokubhuqwa amaKristu kunye nesiphelo ekuhlukunyezweni

Ngexesha ibandla lokuqala lamaKristu yaba lixesha yengcinezelo yamaKristu kwicala onke amakhosi baseRoma uBukhosi. Eyona ngxaki yokuwa yaba "intshutshiso uDiocletian" bekuza kubhanga ukususela 302 311 kwiminyaka. Le umlawuli waseRoma ebekwe kuyitshabalalisa ukholo lutsha. UDiocletian yena wafa ngo-305, kodwa waqhubeka ishishini yamagazi akhe ukuya ziindlalifa. "Kwavela intshutshiso enkulu" wavunyelwa ngokomthetho sigwebo esikhutshwe kunyaka 303.

History of the Christian Church akusekho wayesazi sokuhlukunyezwa - amaKristu babingelela bamashumi, kwanyanzeleka ukuba iintsapho zabo enkundleni kunye neengonyama. Nangona ezinye izazinzulu zikholelwa inani lamaxhoba intshutshiso uDiocletian akabaxwa, ukuba kwathiwa inani ayiphucukanga - abantu 3500. Batyakatywa, wabakhupha olungileyo izihlandlo ezininzi. UKonstantin Veliky aphelise amabala zavelisa nokugqama senye yeenkolo ezinkulu yoluntu. Ukunika iwonga kubuKristu, Constantine balinqabisa unqulo ekhawulezayo yobhekiso phambili. Byzantium uba iziko yokuqala yobuKristu, yaye kamva ikomkhulu Orthodox, apho, njengokuba ezinye iicawa, lo mlawuli lamiselwa titsh. saint yamaKatolika ayizange ngqalelo.

Le Link amaxesha

More on the iminikelo unina uConstantine, uKumkanikazi Helena, ukwakha amabandla. Xa uConstantine yakhiwa Hagia Sophia eConstantinople - umzi, ogama lakhe behlonipha werhuluneli. Kodwa ke yayiyinzwakazi encamisileyo yokuqala ingqalelo ibandla iYerusalem, apho iBhayibhile ithetha. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwamaLungu izakhiwo zokuqala zonqulo zange zagcinwa. Ibandla endala yobuKristu kweli lizwe, waphila ukuya kuthi ga namhlanje, ukuba ibekwe kwisixeko French ka Poitiers, idolophu engundoqo yeSebe Vienne. It lokubhaptiza Ioanna Krestitelya, elakhiwa ngenkulungwane IV. Oko kukuthi, nangaphambi kokuba waqala imbali of the Ages okuqala Aphakathi, apho ulwakhiwo amabandla, iitempile kunye icawa saka.

Rich period zembali

Kukholelwa ukuba kumaXesha Aphakathi Early lathatha iinkulungwane-5 ukususela ukuwa Western uBukhosi baseRoma ngowama-476 kude kube sekupheleni X kwekhulu. Kodwa ezinye izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba ekuqaleni kwethuba lokuqala kumaXesha Aphakathi owawuyiyo kwiminyaka 313 - ixesha lokuyeka intshutshiso wabalandeli wonqulo lwamaKristu.

Lelona xesha linzima kwimbali, kuquka ukuwa wamaRoma, lo imvelaphi Great Imfuduko, Byzantium, esomeleza impembelelo ngokuhlaselwa yamaMuslim Arabhu eSpeyin, lixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo unqulo lwamaKristu. Church kumaXesha Aphakathi Early amaziko ezopolitiko, ezenkcubeko, ezemfundo kunye nezoqoqosho eziphambili nezizwe ezininzi kunye nabantu Europe. Zonke izikolo aqhutywa amabandla, yoonongendi aba amaziko enkcubeko kunye nezemfundo. Ukongeza, sele woonongendi ngenkulungwane IV zonke esisityebi kunene nonamandla. Noko ke, ibandla kuphela wahlwayela nengqiqo, elungileyo, ngonaphakade. Ngenkohlakalo batshutshiswa kubuyiswe phantsi. Ukutshatyalaliswa eziphakamileyo zonqulo neetempile, esikhova batshabalalisa ngokwasemzimbeni.

Ukholo nje wongqameko kurhulumente

Christian Church kumaXesha Aphakathi ekuqaleni, waba nezidubula wayo wokuqala, yaye ekupheleni kwexesha, ezinye lilahlekelwe. Yaye kamva, xa maxesha alandelayo kumaXesha Aphakathi, ukunyuka entsha wonqulo lwamaKristu. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-V Ireland lelinye lamaziko zobuKristu. karhulumente amakhosi, iye yandiswa kakhulu nommandla wayo kunye uhlobo KukaClovis Merovingian, wathabatha naye le nkolo entsha. Kwinkulungwane V kunye umlawuli kummandla amakhosi karhulumente sele yoonongendi 250 kwakunjalo. IBandla uba mbutho ezinamandla kunye ukusekelwa ngokupheleleyo KukaClovis. Christian Church kumaXesha Aphakathi Early wadlala indima kufezekiswa. Thatha ukholo ibandla benza umgudu ibandla ngokwemiyalelo kumkani, eli lizwe yaba namandla kakhulu kunye nezangaphakathi kwiintshaba bangaphandle. Ngenxa yezizathu ezifanayo, ukholo olutsha waza wathabatha lonke elaseYurophu. Ngenkulungwane IX, wabhaptizwa Rus. UbuKristu ugqithisile amandla, iye eyangena Asia kunye emantla iNayile (ummandla Sudan namhlanje).

iindlela behlukunyezwa

Kodwa ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo - zombini njongo (Islam yande amandla) kunye luluvo (wolawulo kwinzala KukaClovis, owaziwa ngelika "ookumkani amavila," ngokuwa amakhosi zikarhulumente) - ubuKristu kwiNgxowa okwethutyana kwizikhundla zabo. Arabhu gqaba ahlala yinxalenye Iberia. buthathaka kakhulu kwakuphethe. Christian Church kumaXesha Aphakathi Early kwiimbono zonqulo wobukhosi. Wazalelwa kumaxesha amandulo, yaye wasinda yi ubuKristu wakhe waba nelaye lasisiseko feudalism, simkhonza ngokuthembeka, ukuzithethelela ingcinezelo ukungalingani kwezentlalo 'ukuthanda kweNkosi. " Ukuze ugcine inginginya yokungeniswa, iCawa babhenela nezoyikiso, ingakumbi ukoyika emva kokufa. Kuthiwa abakhonzi nabangenakululama kamtyholi, ngabaqhekeki, nto leyo kamva kwakhokelela nokudalwa Kwamacala.

Indima esihle ibandla

Kodwa Christian Church in Early kumaXesha Aphakathi kwi ukukwazi ezigudileyo iingxaki zentlalo, ukungafani kunye nogonyamelwano olungathwethwisa kakhulu. Enye iinkolelo eziphambili yeCawa - phambi koThixo, bonke bayalingana. Icawa ayizange ukuvula ubutshaba abalimi, ngubani na amandla yabasebenzi iphambili kuluntu wobukhosi. Wabiza inceba kwiphondo nolujoliswe abavikivekileyo. Oku indawo esemthethweni ibandla, kwanokuba maxa wambi ukuzenzisa.

Kwi-Early kuMbindi Ages nokumatha phantse epheleleyo labemi, xa kungekho naziphi na ezinye iindlela zonxibelelwano, ibandla badlale indima iziko lonxibelelwano - apha abantu, apha ke zidluliselwa kwaye ndafunda yonke iindaba.

Ukuwiswa ngokungenalusini of Christianity

Imbali ibandla lamaKristu, njengayo nayiphi na inkolo enkulu, ukuba banemali. Zonke obukhulu kuzo ubugcisa noncwadi kuwo amaphakade badalwa ngenkxaso eCawa, kuba iimfuno zakhe kunye nezifundo zakhe. Uphenjelelwe kuyo kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo lukho ngamazwe, ezinye ezo Zomnqamlezo. Noko ke, baqalisa ngenkulungwane XI, kodwa kwisithuba ukusuka V X ngenkulungwane, ubuKristu lihanjiswa nje kuphela ngamandla kukucengwa wevangeli okanye kwengqalelo koqoqosho. Indima ebaluleke kakhulu edlalwa izixhobo. Kabuhlungu zinganakwa iintlanga ngexesha ekusekweni kwayo, kuxhaphakile gqitha ukholo lwamaKristu, kuquka ukoyisa yeHlabathi Elitsha, waphoselwa yi bayonets.

Page kwimbali yoluntu

Iimfazwe uzele kwimbali yonke zamaXesha Aphakathi. Ages Early Aphakathi, okanye ixesha ekuqaleni feudal - ixesha xa isanda yaye ayila feudalism njenge ukusekwa zopolitiko nezentlalo. Ekupheleni komhlaba feudalisation ngenkulungwane X yaphela kuzo. Nangona isibakala sokuba nelithi ukuba igama elithi "feudalism" ngokufuthi kukhonza obscurantism nakwinkqubo yamandulo, oko ibandla eli xesha, kwakukho izinto ezintle igalelo kuphuhliso oluqhubela phambili yoluntu, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni ukuvela le Renaissance.