Ngubani wabhala: "Ooyise and Sons": ubomi bayahlelwa nombhali

Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev - Umbhali Russian, kakuhle waziwa kulo lonke ihlabathi. Nemisebenzi yakhe enkulu guys ziqala ukuba uqhelane ngxi esikolweni, ukwenzela ukuba phantse wonke umfundi uyakwazi owabhala "Ooyise and Sons."

kwiminyaka yokuqala

Ivan wazalwa ngoNovemba 9, 1818. Aneminyaka esithoba wahlala kwisixeko Orel kunye nabazali bakhe. kamva Turgenev ufumene ilifa enkulu eyinkunzi bafudukela apho.

Asinguye wonke umntu uyazi ukuba namhlanje kuyenzeka ukuba baqhelane uIvan wabhala kuyisekazi Nicholas iileta kancinane. Kwezi, umntu aqonde ukuba ii-odolo kweli ziko lemfundo, apho wayefunda, kwaye kukho ulwazi malunga impumelelo yakhe impumelelo.

ulutsha

Lowo owabhala 'Ooyise and Sons ", xa elivisayo ayesahluka a ukunxanelwa enkulu ulwazi. Ngowe-1833, i-Ivan oselula wangena Metropolitan University kwiSebe of Literature. ke edlula ngempumelelo zonke iimviwo, uze emva koko badlulela kunyaka wesibini ngonyaka olandelayo. Kodwa ke awayemiselwe kugqiba kule yunivesithi, kuba kungekudala yena noyise baya kwikomkhulu wasentla. Apho wangena St. Petersburg Institute, yaye emva kokuphela isibini iminyaka ukufunda eBerlin. Kwikomkhulu waseJamani, wadibana Bakunin kunye Stankevich, leyo waba kakuhle kakhulu lokuxoxa. Ubuhlobo aba bantu bafana Ivan University Moscow, kuba yena babefuna. Hayi kuba akukho eli ziko idla ibandakanywa Iinoveli namabali. Ngaloo mihla, Turgenev akazange bacinge ukuba xa iba yaziwa, yaye wonk 'ubani uya kwazi ukuba ngubani owabhala "Ooyise and Sons."

Ivan washiya elikomkhulu ngo-1834, yaye kuphela wabuya kwiminyaka esixhenxe kamva, ngentwasahlobo yowe-1841. Yonke le minyaka, ukuba balinde umama ukuba ahambe naye Spasskoye.

Sebenza kwi inoveli "Ooyise and Sons"

Kuba okokuqala lokucinga ngekamva Romanom Turgenev yaqala ngo-1860. Emva koko waba kwidolophu encinane ekuthiwa Ventnor, ise-UK. Apho wafika kulo inqaku Dobrolyubova lunikezelwa kwinoveli "Kwi obandulela". Sasiqulethe iimbono ezininzi athandabuzekayo Turgenev bungayelelani. Xa umsebenzi wakhe, waza wagqiba ekubeni umngeni kubo.

Kule ncwadi, Turgenev waluka okuninzi lweempikiswano malunga "ngabantu abatsha" abo basanda kuqala ukuvela eRashiya. Kamva omnye owabhala 'Ooyise and Sons ", wathi kwase waba Bazarov, ugqirha kwilali oselula bafa phambi 1860. Ngokutsho Turgenev, le ndoda umdla kunene, kuba thelekelwayo into umgangatho entsha engaqhelekanga, nto leyo kamva yaziwa ngokuba ukungabi.

Kungekudala, umbhali wafudukela eFransi, yaye waqhubeka ukubhala inoveli. Wayefuna ukwenza inoveli "Ooyise and Sons" yabhalwa phakathi intwasahlobo, ukuze emva koko uye iqhekeza entsha yenziwe ekhaya.

Ngexesha lasebusika umbhali wabhala izahluko zokuqala ezimbalwa, kodwa umsebenzi ngokucothayo kakhulu. Turgenev wayefuna buqu bajongene nemingeni uluntu namhlanje Russian, yaye ke ngoko kamsinya ukuza ekhaya. Kwenzeka ukuba, ekuqalekeni inoveli "Ooyise and Sons," umbhali wabhala phambi kokuba utshintsho ka-1861, Wayigqiba umsebenzi emva kwakhe. Waye kwi uMsindisi, xa ingongoma ubekwe kwisivakalisi yokugqibela.