Ngubani okokuqala ngo emajukujukwini? Cosmic Battle USSR kunye USA

Space Battle - ukuze amisele usukuzwano phakathi kwamagunya amakhulu amabini - USSR kunye USA - in ukuhlolwa kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane lokugqibela. Ekuqaleni kwale siganeko wabeka sungula yethu yokuqala ilizwe i Earth satellite ngumntu, uze uvule umntu weza yenyaniso entsha ngokupheleleyo ngaye - emajukujukwini. Kamva, kwakukho spacewalk lokuqala.

Inkqubela engineering isayensi

Le kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini kwaba uluntu uloyiso lwenzululwazi kunye zobugcisa. Ingakumbi ixesha emva yeSibini kweMfazwe Yehlabathi wabanika amandla okuqhubela kuphuhliso irula - into leyo alinakuzuzwa ngaphambili, kwaba ngokupheleleyo nako ukuphumeza. Abantu kudala wakhangela ngokusondeleyo kwaye wazama ukuba baphicothe isithuba, kodwa oko kwenziwa kuphela phezu komhlaba wethu. Kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane lokugqibela yaba ukuqalwa Kweli xesha ukuhlolwa kunye nofundo isithuba kufuphi-Earth. Ingakumbi bekhulile kule iqela politiko kwexesha - eSoviet Union kunye United States. I-United States wakhokela uphuhliso kweli cala, ingakumbi xa ilizwe yajika kuba "nguyise" of rocketry German W. von Braun. Nguye lo vulindlela lommandla yaseYurophu kule icandelo lobugcisa kunye noyilo ngezimvo. Noko ke, eSoviet Union kwaba uphuhliso ixesha elide-emi. Wabaseki iingcinga enomjukujelwa-ekwakheni kazwelonke (Tsiolkovsky yaye kamva Korolev), okokuqala kwakubekwe uze ngokoqobo kusekelwe kwizigqibo zabo.

Amanyathelo okuqala ukuhlolwa

Ekupheleni kwawo 50 yaba negalelo omhle ngokwenene ezingqondweni bexesha. ESoviet Union kuqala orbited iinjineli eyenzelwe satellite. Abantu abaninzi wabingelela isiganeko nje inkqubela enkulu iingcinga lwenzululwazi, kodwa ngenxa Melika, oku kwakuthetha nangona ezincinane, boyise kolu khuphiswano. Okukhulu isiganeko yezigcawu esenzeka ngo-Apreli 1961 emva kwemini. Loko Yuriy Alekseevich Gagarin waba nguyise wabo bonke oosomajukujuku, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ngabaluphi na uhlanga, kwaye lelokuqala lowo wayetyelele Umhlaba womntu. Ukulungiselela lo moya lwaqhutywa kwiindawo-kokuphezulu. Ngapha koko, ukuba ilizwe lethu usengozini hayi nje ubomi ngamnye, kodwa ubunzima babo kwiqonga lelizwe jikelele. Ezikhonkwane baba phezulu kakhulu, kunjalo, yaye iziphumo efana. Emva koko, ilizwe lethu liye ube yinkokeli of ukuhambahamba esibhakabhakeni. US uMongameli Dzhon Kennedi kwintlanganiso karhulumente yakhe wabhengeza inkqubo olukhawulezisiweyo sophando kunye nolwabiwo-mali elikhulu ukuhambahamba esibhakabhakeni.

ukhuphiswano Khama

Le ndoda kuqala watyelela emajukujukwini, kuya kuqinisekisa ilizwe lakhe isihloko yinkokeli kwisithuba okanye wenze inyathelo njengamacala kwi linyathelo kotshaba. Omabini la mazwe yathatha up kumalungiselelo ale siganeko. American NASA uye wazama ukukhawulezisa inkqubo yokwakhiwa iziphekepheke swi, kodwa ngobungxamo kukhokelele umphumo owahlukileyo. Ukungabikho amava neziphumo yokuwa - isaziso uvavanyo eziphosakeleyo, wakwazi ukuze iphephe iingxwelerha zabantu, kodwa imihla aye anyhashwa nzulu. Kwi-USSR, phantse ngexesha elifanayo ukuba izibalo ezifanayo nokulungiselela lowo mntu waba ngowokuqala kwisithuba evulekileyo iya kuba. iziphene kancinane ukuze kuchaphazela kakubi uphuhliso elizayo lonke inkqubo entsha ehlabathini yabantu. Ukongeza, i-control party rush kwaye isiphumo kunokuba ngxelo imbi kuzo zonke nxaxheba kule projekthi. Kodwa ke kuqala watyelela emajukujukwini, kwaba compatriot yethu.

wembali nomzuzu

Loo mntu Alexei Leonov. It yakhethwa sakhe kwabeMi oosomajukujuku abaqeqeshwe kakuhle. Yaye ekupheleni kuka-1964 kuyo yaqalisa ukulungiselela olunzulu kunye nophuhliso zonke iimeko ezinokuvela kule khosi ye-moya. Kwaye ngoko ke umzuzu elide-ilindelwe, ngo-1965 (18 Matshi) "Voskhod-2" waba Earth orbit. Emva kokuba uqeqesho elifutshane kuqala Alexei Leonov waya emajukujukwini. Ukuba ngaphandle kwe kwisiphekepheke wayemfutshane, malunga elinambini imizuzu kancinane. Yaba inyathelo omkhulu kwimbali yoluntu. Noko ke, nkqu kwixesha elingephi xesha kwakukho imeko engaqhelekanga. Yesuti usomajukujuku akhula ukusuka kwisayizi, kunye Alexei Arkhipovich ayikwazanga ukubuyela iqhaga inqanawa. Kodwa akazange aphakuzele - bezikhulule uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi isuti, eye zokunciphisa yayo ngobukhulu yaye ndakwazi ukubuyela kwisiphekepheke.

Amahla ndinyuka flight

Lowo okokuqala ngo isithuba, ulime nesibindi okukhulu nonyamezelo, ezi mpawu zobuntu ziye zanceda naye kwixesha elizayo. Nge Leonov kwenzeka esinye isimo esibi - ngexesha igqampe wayo laba touchdown uqikelelo. Kodwa le nyaniso asizidini abahloli space onesibindi. Xa lihlala, waye hlathi, kwaye ngeli xesha kwakukho kuneqabaka kakhulu. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, abaqhubi wachitha iintsuku ezimbini, kuphela yesithathu kubo wenza kwiqela zohlangulo. Ngokuba feat yakhe A. A. Leonov wawongwa isihloko "Hero 'eli lizwe. AmaMelika ziye zavuma boyisiwe, koko iza uqeqesho yokusabela yabantu kanye kokwehla phezu kwenyanga, kodwa kwenzeka kwiminyaka emine emva koko, kwaye akufanelanga kunciphisa ukufaneleka lweenjineli Soviet kunye oosomajukujuku. Ke Alexei Leonov - umntu wokuqala watyelela kwISithuba ngonaphakade labhalwa igama lakhe encwadini yeembali imbali.