Umbuzo wasempumalanga

"Eastern Umbuzo" njengengqiqo yavela ngenkulungwane ye-18 emva kwexesha, Noko ke, njengoko ibinzana ozakuzo waba ubanjwe 30 ngenkulungwane ye-19. ngokuzalwa kwakhe, ubophelelekile ngoko nangoko zinto zintathu: ekuweni kwalo Ottoman kanye enamandla, ukukhula omzabalazo wenkululeko ingcinezelo Turkish, kwaye ukulolwa ezingangqinelaniyo phakathi kwamazwe aseYurophu ukuba ubukhulu kuMbindi Mpuma.

I "Eastern Question", ukongeza amandla amakhulu aseYurophu, iYiputa, Syria wabandakanyeka, inxalenye eCaucasus, njl

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-18, ubukhosi ye Ottoman Turks, kanye lidiza ekhwankqisayo, bawela emaxongo kakhulu. Eyona nto, ndanityela e Austria, leyo wakwazi ukufumana nge Hungary ukuya kuthi ga ngeeBalkans, naseRashiya, ukwandisa imida yayo kuLwandle abamnyama ngethemba ingafumaneki kunye nemida lweMeditera.

Yonke le nto yaqala kunye imvukelo amaGrike kwiminyaka yama-20 kwinkulungwane ye-19. Esi siganeko kunye nyanzela West ukwenza. Emva ukwala umbusi Turkish ukwamkela ukuzimela yamaGrike Alliance of Russian, amajoni aseBritani French watshabalalisa wayenothotho Turkish kunye baseYiputa aselwandle. Ngenxa yoko, Greece wakhululwa kulawulo Turkish, kunye lahlaselwa, Wallachia kunye Serbia - amaphondo Balkan le Ottoman - babe ukuzimela, nangona kumafa yayo.

Kule 30 zenkulungwane efanayo ukuza yintloko "Eastern Umbuzo" sele inxaxheba bonke kuMbindi Mpuma nabemfuyo Ottoman Turkey: iYiputa iphumelele ukusuka uphethe Aram wakhe, yaye kuphela songenelelo eNgilani bancedwe ukuze yakhe.

Ngelo xesha, kukho enye ingxaki: ilungelo niwele okubandezeleka iDardanelles kunye Bosphorus, leyo ilawulwa baseTurkey. Phantsi Convention, akukho wempi bomnye uMbuso wayengenalo ilungelo lokuba acande iivesi emxinwa, xa Turkey waba imeko yoxolo.

Oku kuchasene izilangazelelo Russia. "Eastern Umbuzo" kwinkulungwane ye-19 yathabatha elinye ithuba kuba Russian emva kokuba wenza njengehlakani baseTurkey kwi imfazwe nxamnye pasha umYiputa. Ngokuchasene nentsukaphi ngokoyiswa yokumkani yomkhosi Ottoman UNikolai kuqala savelisa Bosphorus butho wakhe yaye sifika amajoni amaninzi, ngelithi ukukhusela Istanbul.

Ngenxa yoko, isivumelwano senziwa, njengoko leyo okubandezeleka Turkish ungangenisa iinqanawa kuphela Russian.

kweminyaka elishumi kamva, kwi novalo yokuqala, i "Mpuma Umbuzo" kubi. Port, wathembisa ukuba ukuphucula iimeko zokuphila inxalenye lamaKristu yabemi balo, enyanisweni, ndingenzanga nto. Yaye iintlanga Balkan enye indlela kuphela: ukuqala i umzabalazo wezigalo owawusilwa idyokhwe Ottoman. Kwaye ngoko ke Russian Tsar ifuna ukuba ilungelo Sultan lokuba ukukhuselwa zifundo Orthodox, kodwa Sultan wala. Ngenxa yoko, oko yaqala imfazwe Russian-Turkish, nto leyo baphela ngokoyiswa amabutho tsarist.

Nangona ukuba iRussia ilahlekileyo, imfazwe Russian-Turkish wayengomnye amanyathelo ekulungiseni i "Mpuma Umbuzo". Inkqubo wenkululeko yaseMzantsi benemfundo izizwe. ulawulo Turkish kwiiBalkans bafumana kubethwa sibulawe.

"Eastern Umbuzo" kwi -nkqubo eRashiya angaphandle libambe indima ebalulekileyo, waba imiyalelo emibini kuba Nguwo lowo eCaucasus kunye kwiiBalkans.

Ukuzama ukwandisa nemfuyo yabo eCaucasus, umbusi Russian bazama ukuqinisekisa unxibelelwano benqabisekile yonke imimandla abasanda anazo.

Ngelo xesha kwiiBalkans, abantu balapha efune ukunceda amajoni Russian abo amajoni Ottoman wanikela ukumelana ilukhuni.

Ngoncedo amajoni amavolontiya Serbian kwaye Bulgarian kakumkani wathabatha isixeko Adrianople, ngokwenjenjalo ukubeka kuphelisa imfazwe.

Ke Kara ulwalathiso akhululwa inxalenye ebalulekileyo basentshona eArmenia, nto leyo eye yaba isiganeko ebalulekileyo kwiphulo lomkhosi.

Ngenxa yoko, isivumelwano sasayinwa, ethi eRashiya ifumana indawo enkulu ngokwaneleyo kwicandelo oLwandle Omnyama zaseCaucasus, kwakunye kummandla ezininzi Armenian. Lo mba wasonjululwa kunye ukuzimela Greek.

Ngenxa yoko, iRashiya kwenziwa Injongo yalo kwezizwe Armenian nangesiRoma.