Ngubani na UGrigory Perelman? Nobel Prize: kutheni Wayishiya?

Oosonzululwazi wayefuna ukumnika imbasa Fields, eli bhaso liphezulu le-International Mathematics Union. Ekubeni Prize Nobel ukuya nxaxheba uMququzeleli ayinakunika le mbeko, ingqalelo aphezulu.

ukuvulwa brilliant

Ngo-2002, i-website ye-Los Alamos Sciences Laboratory yayinceda isisombululo kule ngxaki, olwenziwa Gregory. Xa enqaba mbasa, i nkongolo ngamazwe zezibalo de kutshanje Ndandingafuni ukuba usamkele isigqibo sakhe sazama ukweyisela sisazinzulu. Ithi data malunga namnqweno ukufumana ibhaso evela Perelman akazange ukufika, ingakumbi ngokumalunga nokunikwa data lwaseburhulumenteni ixesha lalingekafiki.

Ukhethwe ntetho mbasa

Xa laureates ekugqibeleni wabhengeza, yaye phakathi kwabo kwakukho kwezezibalo UGrigory Perelman, kunye Andrew Samuel Okunowo, ngelo xesha wayesebenza eUnited States. Idla ke akafumaneki phakathi izazinzulu abeza Congress. Akukho nokuba wafumana impendulo evela kuye ileta eyazisa naye kwisabelo amabhaso. Ziindwendwe nkomfa bakhohlwa njengoko nabaququzeleli. Kwathi kanti, zixhathise ukufumana imali Scientist uthe nkqu kwiinyanga ezimbalwa phambi kwentlanganiso ngokwayo.

Luni lomntu

Njengoko engakuthandi ingqalelo uluntu jikelele yokutyumba, yaye emva ngokunika imbeko. Xa isiganeko engaqhelekanga esenzeka, yaziwa ngaye akwanelanga. Ingaba ukuba unyaka wokuzalwa wakhe 1966 kunye nendawo - Leningrad. Abazali baba abasebenzi.

Xa ngomnyaka weshumi elinesithandathu yobomi bakhe wafumana imbasa yegolide esikolweni waza waphumelela esikolweni. Kakade apho, waqalisa ukufunda nzulu ishishini yobomi bakhe. 1982 wakhumbula inxaxheba kwi-International lweMathematika Olympiad, eyayibanjelwe phakathi kwizikolo Soviet. Esi siganeko luvuleleke nakubafana eBudapest. Emva koko, ngaphandle uviwo, waba eLeningrad State University, i-Faculty of Mathematics and Mechanics.

career

E St. Petersburg, wayezithethelela ithisisi yakhe, waphumelela State University. Umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala yaba Institute of Mathematics. Steklov. Le ekupheleni yee- bamzisela utshintsho yokuhlala eUnited States. iiyunivesithi american lithathwe kwiindonga zabo njengomfundisi. Emva koko wabuyela ekhaya kwaye kwakhona wasebenza kwi Steklov Institute. Yonke iminkqangiyelo yakhe ithi zigcwele Poincaré liyavumelana.

Kwakukho iqela ezinye amabhaso ukuba uGregory ngoyaba. ihlabathi Mathematical wayefuna ukumnika ingqwalasela kunye nokuhlonipha imali. Kodwa yena ngokungeyomfuneko. 1996 kwaphawulwa ukwaliwa European Congress of Mathematics Prize. Kumsitho esenzeka emva komsitho, akazange abonise up.

Walinda, kwada kwaba kwabokugqibela

Le nkongolo lwaqhutywa eSpeyin. A ezininzi zezibalo brilliant ufikile imali. kwakumele Kukho ukufika, kunye Perelman. Nobel Prize ngokuthobeka babemlindile ngentlonelo, nembeko kunye nebhaso lemali ka ezigidi zeerandi. Noko ke, abazange umiselwe ukweyela ezandleni sisazinzulu.

Amalungu nkomfa beva malunga ukuchitha yezibalo Russian orhanelwa ukuba lobeko apho sokwala Nobel Prize Perelman, akukho efana kakhulu kubuxoki.

Gregory akazange yapapashwa ubungqina theorem, leyo unomdla kakhulu ehlabathini yenzululwazi. Ezizodwa iimpapasho kulindeleke kuye izixhobo, kodwa akasifumana. Kunzima ukuba zazi ngegalelo lakhe ngenzululwazi abo uyakuqonda oko Perelman wawongwa Prize Nobel. Ngaphaya ukufunyanwa qwa ilandelwe yi ukugxothwa yaloo Mathematical Institute bamangaliswa. Steklov.

Kwenzeka ntoni kuye

Kuba kude indulumbane Perelman. Nobel Prize kunye nemali eza kunye nayo, zange ubekhona isiphelo ngokwayo ukuba sisazinzulu. Akazange eze Spain ngokuba umvuzo Fields imbasa yakho, leyo abaninzi ukuzibuza izizathu ngeso senzo engaqhelekanga.

Kutheni Perelman wala Prize Nobel? Ngapha koko, oogxa inzululwazi, onke amanani yexesha yenzululwazi babekulungele sokuncoma naye bemi. Phambi kwakhe, izazinzulu ezininzi ziye axakwe phezu isigqibo i Poincare theorem, leyo ekugqibeleni uphalaze ethile ukukhanya. kusiza Ivula ukusebenza akukho imathematika. Emva phayaa ngowe-1904, unyaka ihlabathi ndaze wayeqhelene Poincaré liyavumelana, okwamenza ibe reverie kangangenkulungwane. Kukho ngeziganeko ezininzi onokuzenza, kodwa akukho nanye bayakwazi ukuqaphela inyaniso, lo gama i-nzulu ukuya inyaniso kunye nokukhanya ubungqina obukhoyo ngokwenene.

Andizange kushiya abantu bacinga Perelman. Nobel Prize ebacekisile, ngoko ke kufuneka ukuba ubuncinane ukuqonda isizathu. magazini American The New Yorker, ngokusebenzisa ezazivela yawo emlonyeni iyindawo Gregory. Indlu yakhe ngelo xesha ngaphandle St. Petersburg, nto leyo le nqanawa. Ukusuka izibalo bafunda ukuba UGrigory Perelman wala Nobel Prize ngenxa neziphathelene eyinqobo.

Yezibalo ixesha elide imfihlakalo wokwenene kumajelo eendaba. Yintoni ebaluleke kangaka, amngqonga ukuze uzikhusele umnqweno ufumane izigidi zeerandi uye Madrid?

Uqhankqalazo wabiza izenzo zakhe Perelman. I-Nobel Prize emehlweni akhe ungcolisa indlela yehlabathi mihla zezibalo njengoko iintatheli American ezifundiweyo. Science kufuneka ubambe ukunyaniseka. Ngenxa yembuyekezo emali, abaninzi bakulungele ukuya kwi ukukopela babe ubuxoki. Emva koko abantu baya kunyamekela yokucinga alithethi, kunye nemali, kwaye wacinga amathuba abo baya kuthumela ukuya iqhinga, kodwa hayi kwi lokuvula.

Lilungile ihlwempu, kodwa imigaqo

Ngelo xesha abangaqeshwanga yaba Perelman UGrigory. Nobel Prize ukuba ngokuqinisekileyo wamnceda ngokwezimali kwaye kuphuculwe ubomi babo, kodwa wagqiba ukuba yena imali zangaphambili - ngokwaneleyo ukuze alawule ubukho. umama wakhe ukuba wabelane naye ipension. Yena wayeke ngaphambili wafundisa nemathematika kwisikolo. Nokuba ndanqwenela, ngokutsho Gregory, akayi kuba nako ukuya eSpeyin ngenxa yokungabikho kwemali endleleni.

Ukusekwa yesahlulo kakhulu yodumo bemathematika ngo-1936. Perelman waba ngowokuqala ukuba ukwala imbeko kwelo xesha. Ingaba ukuba iBhaso Nobel ngexesha elifanelekileyo saliwe ngenxa yezizathu zezopolitiko Pasternak. Fields imedali inokufunyanwa ngabaphandi abaneminyaka engaphantsi kwe-40. Oko kukuthi, kwixesha elizayo, uGregory, eli bhaso akukho kukhanya. Amkhumbula ithuba kuphela yakhe. Igalelo lakhe inzululwazi kuthiwe nanto. Ngenxa kuphuhliso lwemathematika wenze inyathelo elibalulekileyo phambili. izifundo ezininzi kutshanje zange ahambe ngaphandle emhlabeni ngenxa iimfihlelo Poincare theorem. Le ngcamango iziseko emzimbeni zemathematika iphela liye landiswa nayo okuvula. Perelman ekunokuthiwa enye izazinzulu mkhulu, mandulo nangoku. Sonke sikwazi ukubona ukuba kukho buchopho kwaye ngokwenene ngokungaqheleki yayo.