Ngubani na eziphilayo? Undincinayo inzululwazi eziphilayo?

ubiza eziphilayo ngokwakhe umfundisi kwabafundi esikolweni, oyingcali kwicandelo kuphando lwemfuzo, egadini okanye zoo umsebenzi ngezityalo. Ke emva koko, ngubani na eziphilayo? Yintoni na lo msebenzi? Ngubani onelungelo lokuba eziphilayo? Iimpendulo zale mibuzo - kwesi sifundo encinane.

Biology - isayensi

Science, oludityaniswe kunye isifundo zonke izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni, ukusukela iintsholongwane ezincinane, ephelisa nokomzimba ubomi babantu.

Homo sapiens iinkqubo kubalulekile, iimfano neeyantlukwano kwezinto eziphilayo, umahluko kwi yokuhlala izityalo kunye nezilwanyana kukade icangcisiwe nomdla. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha kwiZigaba zoBumnyama for kubonakala kakhulu umdla kolu phando kube yinto enokwenzeka ukuba emlilweni. Enye into - le Renaissance. Art kunye nenzululwazi ngoko waqalisa ngokomrhumo, ngokusekelwe lwesikolo sonke zenzululwazi, kwaye imyuziyam nenzululwazi yendalo kuqala.

Ngubani na lo sebhayoloji kumaxesha amandulo? Isenokuba inyanga enyangeni kunye esegumbini kunye owaseka menagerie yokuqala. Igama elithi "biology isayensi" wabonakala kuphela ngenkulungwane ye-19, xa idibene ibe nye kuzo zonke enokuthanani nasekufundweni eziphilayo eMhlabeni ( "bio" - Life, "iilogo" - science).

ndlela eziphilayo

Biology - inzululwazi yobomi. Oku apha yingcamango ngokubanzi. Kuxhomekeka ngqo yomba ngamnye ekwanti wenzululwazi yebhayoloji :

• Zoology - ukuhlola yehlabathi isilwanyana.
• Botany - ukuhlola ihlabathi kwezityalo.
• Physiology and Human - inzululwazi iinkqubo ubomi isakhiwo umzimba womntu.
• Microbiology nangeentshol. Isifundo ukufunda zabo inokubonwa kuphela phantsi ngemicroscope.
• Morphology - ufunda isakhiwo nohlobo yezidalwa eziphilayo.

Ngenxa yoko, indlela eyintloko ebegqwese yahlulwe okukhethekile ezincinane kunye ezikhethiweyo, leyo njengoko isayensi iba ngakumbi nangakumbi. Okwangoku, kukho iindawo ngaphezu asixhenxe eziphilayo. Ocean Biology, uLungiselelo, iseli ibhayoloji, neurobiology, okusingqongileyo - ezi nje ezinye zazo. Umsebenzi eziphilayo lidibanisa bonke abameli specializations ezahlukeneyo kunye nemimandla enxulumene nenzululwazi yedwa.

Unxibelelwano kunye nezinye izifundo zesayensi

Ngexesha uphuhliso inzululwazi zehlabathi kunye nobugcisa, enkosi kwii-izazinzulu ngazo zonke izipho zoMoya nzulu ngolwazi, uqhagamshelwano nzulu kunye nezinye iinkalo eziphilayo. Ngubani na lo eziphilayo ehlabathini namhlanje? Ukongeza zezilwanyana yakwaNtu Botany, i biophysicist, wawuquka kunye oyingcali iibhayometrikh, ibhayoloji isithuba, ibhayoloji, umsebenzi, bionics. biology Modern kunokuba ngaxeshanye injineli elungileyo, ugqirha, okanye yezibalo.

Yintoni eyenza eziphilayo?

bonke ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi esicacileyo le ngcamango. Kodwa ngubani na sezinto eziphilayo xa kusenziwa? Apho emsebenzini wakhe? Impendulo luyathandabuzeka kwaye ebanzi njengoko uluhlu specializations biology. Konke kuxhomekeke indlela. Graduate, waphumelela ngokwamasebe achaphazelekayo eyunivesithi, ube ngumfundisi kwiziko lemfundo zasesekondari, kwaye niqhubeke ulwalamano lwakhe inzululwazi anikele ubomi bakhe isifundo nezinye izinto eziphilayo. Izazi asebenza ngezilwanyana ngempumelelo mizi, Botanical kwindawo zokugcina kunye neegadi zezityalo. Izazi abalimi basebenza kwasungulwa kwiintlobo yezityalo zentsimi. Virologists efunda amagciwane ezindala kunye nezintsha kunye neziphumo zawo phezu kwelimiweyo esiwubonayo, kwezenkolo, lilinde indawo yokuhlala ecocekileyo. Zifunwa ngamandla ngabantu namhlanje, izazi ukuma entsha - yemfuza, neuroscience, ibhayoloji isithuba, bioenergy. eziphilayo inokuba umncedisi wezilwanyana, isazi, landscape ingcibi, ugqirha-elabhoratri.

Eyona izinga eziphilayo

Ngempumelelo umsebenzi eziphilayo bekuya kuba abo va yinxalenye yehlabathi obufihlakeleyo izinto eziphilayo abanomdla ukunxibelelana nendalo, ukufunda.

Uthando semvelo iba eziphambili, xa sebhayoloji uqhuba iinyanga elide zokuhamba zobuntlola ukuhlola iintlobo ezintsha enezityalo nezilwanyana.

Ukuzingisa nengqondo kwakufuneka abasebenzi okuhlalutya iilebhu, amaziko ophando.

Kuxhomekeka sebhayoloji ezikhethiweyo kungafuneka nolwalamano oluhle physics, ngeenkwenkwezi, ubucukubhede, chemistry kunye nezinye izifundo zesayensi.

Nobubi lo msebenzi

Kuba abo bamthandayo bonke ubomi zonke obubonakala, ukunikela Biology ubomi bakhe - yinto plus okuqinileyo. Akukho nto eyenza umntu onwabe njengoko umsebenzi wabo abawuthandayo. umsebenzi eziphilayo, ngelishwa, azisoloko kuhlolwa ngokwaneleyo ngezimali - ukuba loo thabatha. Ukuba imivuzo ephantsi ziye zakhokelela ekubeni ukuba umsebenzi ezininzi ezinomdla weza kudidi lwe mbana. Abo wagqiba kunjalo ukuzahlulela, uhambe nzima njongo, kaninzi ababhali zesayensi ezintsha ukushukumisa.

Biology imiyalelo ezintsha zophando kwinkalo yemfuza, eziphilayo, biotechnologies ezintsha, uphakathi yesibini ehlabathini kuluhlu imisebenzi ithemba. Ngakumbi uchwayitile iingcali ezifana Canada, eUnited States, amazwe Western, ezo benza kuphuhliso ubuchwepheshe obutsha.

zebhayoloji abadumileyo

Ethetha eziphilayo njengoko inzululwazi, kufanelekile ukuba sikhankanye ngabantu abamagama baziwa kulo lonke ihlabathi. bakufumanisayo ziye negalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso uluntu xa lulonke.

• Vavilov uNikolay (Russian) - fuzo kwinkalo namahlathi, umseki imfundiso izityalo nezifo.
• Vladimir Vernadsky (Russia) - ngunozala i-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, wafunda onokuphila kwaba phambili uphuhliso ngamachiza kunye biophysics.
• Uilyam kaGarvey (United Kingdom) - ugqirha entendelezweni yendlu yokumkani, ngubani kuqala kuqhutywa uphando kwaye uchaze inkqubo yokujikeleza kunye nempahla nentliziyo igazi emzimbeni womntu.
• UCharles Darwin (England) - le naturalist omkhulu owadala inkqubo yokuhlela kwezityalo.
• Antoni Van Levenguk (Netherlands) - naturalist odale neemicroscope, leyo akuvumelekanga ukuba uthwale ngaphandle isifundo eziphilayo ayibonakali iliso yabantu ngaphambili.

Ukongezelela kubo, abamzukisa inzululwazi baseRashiya iikulya Mechnikov, Kliment Timiryazev, Louis Pasteur, uKarl Linney, Ruslan Medzhitov kunye nezinye zemvelo ezininzi, izazinzulu.