Iimpawu ngesakhiwo kunye nobomi crustacean. Ixabiso kweembaza kwindalo kunye nobomi babantu

Yesebe eziphilayo echaphazelekayo kunye isifundo eziphilayo abahlala wonke ophilileyo, kuthiwa ngokuphila. Enye awo sijongene ngqo iqela yezilwanyana multicellular - crustacean. isakhiwo kwabo, iimpawu zobomi, kwakunye nexabiso kweembaza kwindalo kunye nobomi babantu baya kuvavanywa kweli nqaku.

kwezilwanyana systematics

Phakathi eziphilayo ezingenamqolo awayengabemi iplanethi yethu, izilwanyana kuma, ezo ezidityanisiweyo uhlobo Arthropods. Intlanzi ungomnye superclasses kule taxon, ogama amalungu bahlala ikakhulu emanzini aphilileyo okanye elwandle. abanye babo, ezifana woodlice nomhlaba oononkala kuphela abantu abahlala kwiindawo mhlaba emanzi. Xa Superclass intlanzi ziquka: imihlaza kuhlelo olusezantsi kunye neklasi ephakamileyo (decapod) zomhlaza.

Kwelinye icala, nganye kwezi zohlaza iqulathe amaqela amancinci taxonomic - amaqela. intlanzi aphantsi asisiseko zooplankton, ngoko ibalulekile kwindalo kunye nobomi babantu. Ngokusisiseko, njengenye links yokuqala ngamandla ikhonkco lokutya, imihlaza ephantsi na umthombo ukutya intlanzi kunye ezincancisayo zasemanzini. Enkosi amalungu isopods umyalelo, copepods kunye cladocerans, izidalwa ulwandle ukufumana iproteni ukutya elizeleyo yinxalenye imihlaza umzimba asezantsi ziquka polypeptides ukutya.

Kwiklasi intlanzi eziphezulu kuquka iyunithi enye - decapod, nto leyo imelwe zizilwanyana ezifana oononkala, lobster, oorhexe kunye Shrimp.

kwezilwanyana Avilable

Isiseko ukwahlulwa ngokweendidi izilwanyana zibekwa ngaphezu kwabo bonke umahluko kulwakhiwo sangaphandle ezi eziphilayo. Xa zomhlaza asezantsi ezifana Cyclops (copepods looding), daphnia (Cladocera looding), chickweed (Isopoda wona), umzimba liquka inani non-rhoqo uziziqwempu (namacandelo) kwi kwesebe esisu nabangekhoyo esikolweni. Kule umbuzo yokugqibela, imfundo ethile - yokwela. Umzimba uthambile olomileyo ngechitin iqokobhe, apho amalungu kwawo zangaphakathi izilwanyana.

Ayanda intlanzi, ogama abameli kuba iqokobhe nzima chitinous buzane ikalika, yaye kunyanzeliswa ukwahlukana engqongqo umzimba kwi cephalothorax kunye esisu kunye nenani rhoqo amacandelo kuzo. Ngoko ke, yenamvuna golovogrudnom kwicandelo 5 kunye namacandelo 8, ngokulandelelana, kunye nesisu na inxalenye 6. Kwakhona malacostraca, ngokwahlukileyo ukuya emilenzeni, baye kuqubha engephi esiswini.

Ukutya uze zibalulekile imisebenzi

Njengoko nditshilo ngaphambili, ubomi becala intlanzi emanzini. Ngenxa yoko, baye-ekuthiwa kubonakala ngokucacileyo idioadaptation - lithathelwe indawo ethile: umoya wonke umphezulu umzimba okanye iigilizi iqokobhe equlathe ngechitin ukumila kuhlengahlengiswa, kwaye buzane into amanzi angangeni - calcium carbonate.

Systems of intlanzi ezifana ukujikeleza kwegazi, bokuphefumla kwezintso zinika homeostasis - ukugcinwa kwinqanaba oluqhelekileyo metabolic. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba zonke intlanzi hayi sisixokelelwano esivalekileyo yokujikeleza kwegazi, yaye intliziyo asengxoweni ikhangeleka umzimba pentagonal kunye ngababini-3 semigudu. Ukususela ukuba le cephalothorax kunye nesisu kumka kwemithambo ethumela igazi athwala izakhi neoksijini kuwo onke amalungu zezilwanyana, nto leyo umzimba uvuleke engumxube, ebizwa miksotselem. igazi lwemithambo Kungenxa yokuba liye sele ungena Kwakukhuhlwa, nto leyo ugwetyelwe, wakhululwa kuso carbon dioxide kunye nomoya, ajike abe umfutho. Ngokusetyenziswa imingxuma pericardium, yena uya ngqo entliziyweni.

Szczytno - iqela uhlobo kwezilwanyana

Ezi zilwanyana, zona iqela abemi yamanzi angaphila kwamachibi zexeshana. Xa amanzi umphunga, yena schiten wemba emhlabeni kunye nexesha elithile angalahlekelwa ngobuhle bayo. Amaqanda esabekwa iimazi emazantsi kwechibi kunokugcinwa ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka eli-15. lula nokuba iqhutywa ngumoya kunye kweengqakumbana zomhlaba, ngoko Szczytno ubomi phantse yonke indawo ngaphandle Antarctica neentlango Afrika.

kwezilwanyana kwempilo

Abameli kule superclass ukuhlangabezana zombini iifom zawo ezilula, ezifana nenkalo yophuhliso ngqo yenamvuna, nezintsonkothileyo ngakumbi, kuquka zigaba mibungu. Kulo mzekelo, uphuhliso kuthiwa ngqo. Kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba amaqela copepods kunye cladocerans, kwaye kwakhona kwenzeka imihlaza eziphezulu, umzekelo, lobster okanye yenamvuna. Intlanzi, abameli ezo ipelagic okanye ifomu planktonic mibungu, ebizwa nauplii kunye zoea, zisasazwa kwindalo; kuba abemi amanzi onxweme ka-Australia, Intshona Melika naseYurophu. Zonke izigaba zomjikelo ubomi intlanzi balawulwa inkqubo yabo yonyango thaca androgenic postkomissuralnymi kunye sinus namadlala. Bathi hormone elawula iinkqubo ze lokufikisa moult nenguqu imibungu ibe abadala.

Ixabiso kweembaza kwindalo kunye nobomi babantu

Izilwanyana ukubayinxalenye iqembu decapods ezifana lobster (yiMaine), yenamvuna, oononkala, kukho iintlobo ezibalulekileyo yorhwebo ukubonelela uju oluntu kunye nenyama eliphezulu-protini. Okubaluleke kakhulu ke abameli yenamvuna asezantsi: cyclops, daphnia, namaesile amanzi, ezo ukutya intlanzi, umzekelo, ka ezifana nesalmon kunye sturgeon.

Yenamvuna, nto leyo edla ngokuba abalindi esibhedlele, ekucoceni ezantsi organic iintsalela abafileyo. Nangona ixabiso kweembaza kwindalo kunye nobomi babantu kwiimeko kakhulu entle, kodwa ezinye izilwanyana eziyingozi, ezifana iintwala zeCARP kubangele ukulahleka omkhulu kweentlobo orhwebo zeentlanzi. A Cyclops ke onke intermediate ziimpethu olwaye lwamfimfitha: Guinea ndingumbungu, tapeworm ububanzi.

Siye sabona ukuba ezi zilwanyana ziqukiwe uhlobo Arthropods, yinto ikhonkco ebalulekileyo yendalo iplanethi yethu kunye nokubaluleka intlanzi kwindalo kunye nobomi babantu kufanele kungajongelwa phantsi. Ezinye iintlobo zezi zilwanyana (umzekelo, umlambo shirokopaly umhlaza, nomntan'ezulu) zidweliswe zisemngciphekweni, kwaye intshabalalo yabo wohlwaywe ngumthetho.